基于演化博弈视角的中小企业融资分析

本文运用演化博弈理论,建立了一个银行与企业系统信贷关系的理论模型,并对系统的长期动态演化过程进行了分析。理论分析表明:银行与企业系统演化的长期均衡结果与双方博弈的支付矩阵及初始状态有关。结合中小企业的特点,本文进一步发现,在没有其他制度安排的前提下,银行与中小企业的演化博弈向双方不合作均衡收敛的概率更大。     

文化产业国际外包合作的影响因素——一个演化博弈的分析框架

运用演化博弈理论方法,建立了国际文化企业外包网络的演化博弈模型,利用演化稳定策略描述了发达国家企业与发展中国家企业的文化产品外包合作竞争的长期演化趋势,发现了影响该系统演化结果的重要因素,即国际文化企业外包合作风险系数、双方信任水平、文化产品外包契约价格、发达国家企业最终售价和发展中国家企业外包成本。此外,文化产品外包任务水平还会通过外包生产成本环节来间接影响系统演化结果;企业学习能力会对外包利润产生影响,但不影响系统演化结果。     

上市公司信息披露政府监管演化路径研究

借助演化经济学方法,通过建立演化博弈模型,构建了上市公司信息披露与政府监管机构监管行为的支付矩阵,分析了上市公司的信息披露行为和政府监管机构监管行为的演化过程特征及均衡状态.通过数值仿真演示不同参数变化对系统演化结果的影响.研究发现,上市公司信息披露和政府监管路径演化系统收敛于"理想"状态与"不良锁定"状态两种模式,通过调节参数可以优化上市公司信息披露和政府监管机构监管路径演化,并提出了避免陷入"不良锁定",引导上市公司群体和政府监管群体朝着理想状态(提供真实的信息,监管)演进的建议.     

基于演化博弈的我国高能耗企业节能减排政策分析

为了分析高能耗企业集群在低碳减排政策的引导下实施低碳生产的企业群体决策行为,需要在演化博弈理论框架下,重点研究高能耗企业集群的低碳决策模仿行为、激励性和惩罚性低碳政策对减排行为的演化影响等问题。根据高能耗企业的减排决策行为具有模仿、观察和学习过程,建立了低碳政策下高能耗企业减排行为的演化博弈模型,高能耗企业与政府部门作为不同类群体的演化博弈动态稳定均衡(即演化均衡)结果将是两种模式:一种是政府提供激励性减排补贴下,高能耗企业积极进行减排的模式;另一种是政府征收碳税等惩罚性政策下,高能耗企业被动进行减排的模式。最终社会经济系统的低碳政策模式收敛于哪一种状态,取决于历史惯例采取的减排模式、减排技术和相应政策措施的成本,以及政府部门的低碳宣传和社会舆论导向等因素。     

物流地产供需双方的演化博弈模型

为了研究地产开发商和有物流需求的企业的合作行为,本文建立了一个物流地产供需双方演化博弈模型,讨论了不同初始状态、不同复制动态方程下的地产开发商和有较大物流需求的企业的演化博弈策略。通过分析不同策略下博弈双方的行为及收益,认为在博弈的演化过程中,各方应该考虑合作剩余收益、租金和物流地产的开发成本等因素,按照合作剩余收益最大化的原则,从长远角度考虑博弈双方的利益来制定双赢策略,从而促进物流地产业的可持续发展。     

企业业务外包中的道德风险博弈分析

企业业务外包已成为企业增强竞争力的有效方式之一。各种类型企业都纷纷开展企业业务外包活动,但外包活动也面临着承包方的道德风险问题。本文基于博弈论分析方法,建立了企业业务外包中道德风险博弈监督模型,通过对该模型的混合策略均衡分析和无限次重复博弈分析,得出一些均衡分析结果,并提出相关的建议。     

第三方物流的监督博弈研究

由于物流外包中物流需求方与物流服务商之间的签约后的信息不对称,带来了第三方物流中的道德风险。物流需求方通过对第三方物流服务商的监督激励能够有效地减少服务商的机会主义行为,提高服务商的服务水平,克服第三方物流应用中的负面效应。本文基于物流外包中第三方物流的违规动机和外包的风险,运用非合作博弈论的理论和方法,构建了第三方物流的监督博弈模型,并应用混合纳什均衡模型对第三方物流的监督问题进行了定量分析,详细分析了物流需求方和服务商的决策行为,求出了混合战略纳什均衡点,得出了制约博弈双方决策行为的关键因素,并提出了对第三方物流企业进行有效监督的若干建议,为物流需求方提供了有效监督决策的理论依据和实践参考。     

基于同质个体决策交易费用视角的制度变迁模型

主流的新制度经济学以交易费用为基础,逐渐发展了一个以交易费用、交易收益、交易利润或交易效率为核心变量,以制度变迁主体追求潜在利润最大化为动力,通过制度的均衡与非均衡过程的动态分析从而研究制度变迁的理论框架。当假设制度变迁主体都同质时,可以从这个制度变迁框架中抽象出主体理性、利益结构、资源约束、技术约束、制度约束等关于分析制度变迁的关键变量,以这些变量为基础可以构建一个以同质个体决策为基础的制度变迁模型。这个模型将为制度变迁的理性选择分析、演化变迁分析和博弈演化分析的统一提供一个全新的思路。     

社会保险缴费主体逃欠费行为关系演变与调适

企业逃欠社会保险费是我国社会保险制度运行中一个亟待解决的现实问题。本文从缴费主体行为关系演变视角研究企业逃欠社会保险费问题,建立基于利益的非对称演化博弈模型,分析企业与职工的演化稳定策略和动态复制系统的稳定性,探讨如何促进最优稳定均衡策略的形成。结果表明:动态复制系统的稳定性仅与企业的决策有关;企业在不同策略下收益的大小关系决定着演化博弈模型最终的稳定均衡策略;调整职工反哺系数、恰当确定惩罚力度可促进最优稳定均衡策略的有效形成。适当降低政策缴费率、加强征缴机构的激励与约束均有利于形成企业遵从制度安排及时足额缴费和职工提高劳动生产率反哺企业的良性循环状态。     

基于交易费用的物流外包机理研究

物流外包是界于市场和层级之间的混合形式。通过物流外包企业可以降低物流成本和提高运作效率。物流外包成本由采购成本和交易费用构成。借鉴威廉姆森的启发性模型分析发现：只要资产的专用性不超过一定程度（文章中K^＋点），则市场交易就有着明显的优势。随着专业化分工的加剧以度合作竞争的发展，交易的资产专用性程度提高，企业昔日的纵向边界不断被市场所取代。在新旧边界之间就成了物流外包的最佳区域。     

Analysis on the dynamics of a Cournot investment game with bounded rationality

In this work, a dynamic system of investment game played by two firms with bounded rationality is proposed. It is assumed that each firm in any period makes a strategy for investment and uses local knowledge to make investment strategy according to the marginal profit observed in the previous period. Theoretic work is done on the existence of equilibrium solutions, the instability of the boundary equilibriums and the stability conditions of the interior equilibrium. Numerical simulations are used to provide experimented evidence for the complicated behaviors of the system evolution. It is observed that the equilibrium of the system can loose stability via flip bifurcation or Neimark–Sacher bifurcation and time-delayed feedback control can be used to stabilize the chaotic behaviors of the system.     

What to maximize if you must

The assumption that decision makers choose actions to maximize their preferences is a central tenet in economics, often justified formally or informally by appealing to evolutionary arguments. In contrast, we show that in almost every game and for almost every family of distortions of a player's actual payoffs, some degree of this distortion is beneficial to the player, and will not be driven out by any evolutionary process involving payoff-monotonic selection dynamics. Consequently, under any such selection dynamics the population will not converge to payoff-maximizing behavior. We also show that payoff-maximizing behavior need not prevail when preferences are imperfectly observed.     

Drugs,guns, and targeted competition

We consider a dynamic competition game involving three players, in which each player can vary the extent of his competition on a per-rival basis. We call such competition targeted. We show that if the players are myopic, then the weaker players eventually lose the game to their strongest rival. If instead the players are sufficiently far-sighted, then all three players converge in their power and stay in the game. We develop our model in application to drug wars, but the approach of targeted competition can be applied to competition between firms or political parties, or to warfare.     

The Game Model Analysis between the Individual and the Group

This paper analyses the game model between the individual and the group that has the characteristics of Stackelberg model in traditional game theory and replicator dynamic model in evolutionary game theory. In the first phase of game, the bounded rationality group players adopt the replicator dynamic behavior. Secondly, the full rationality individual player decides the own response function by the strategies distribution of group players. The shortsighted individual player will take the risk-dominant strategy. This model has some unique characteristics.     

Long run equilibria in an asymmetric oligopoly

Summary. Consider an oligopolistic industry composed of two groups (or populations) of firms, the low cost firms and the high cost firms. The firms produce a homogeneous good. I study the finite population evolutionarily stable strategy defined by Schaffer (1988), and the long run equilibrium in the stochastic evolutionary dynamics based on imitation and experimentation of strategies by firms in each group. I will show the following results. 1) The finite population evolutionarily stable strategy (ESS) output is equal to the competitive (or Walrasian) output in each group of the firms. 2) Under the assumption that the marginal cost is increasing, the ESS state is the long run equilibrium in the stochastic evolutionary dynamics in the limit as the output grid step, which will be defined in the paper, approaches to zero. Received: September 19, 1997; revised: June 18, 1998     

Organizational forms in the knowledge economy: a comparative institutional analysis

This paper provides a framework with which to analyze organizational forms in the knowledge economy. We focus on an important trade-off facing modern firms: firms can acquire the property of all the innovations developed by their employees and can greatly increase their profits, yet this type of private intellectual property rights regime can discourage the innovative effort of the very same workers. Allowing workers to carry their knowledge outside the firm eliminates this disincentive. Hence, strategic complementarities may exist between innovative partners and a disclosure driven intellectual property rights regime, and passive employees and a private intellectual property rights regime. An evolutionary game theoretic model demonstrates these strategic complementarities and shows when economies tend towards disclosure driven or private intellectual property rights regimes.     

集群企业间知识转移策略——基于演化博弈理论的分析

基于演化博弈理论,构建了集群企业间知识转移的演化博弈模型,分析了集群企业间知识转移实现的动态过程和影响因素。研究结果显示:当企业从知识转移中获得的超额收益大于其支付成本时,最终会出现稳定的知识转移策略;通过增加差异化知识资源量、提高企业选择知识转移策略的概率、知识资源显性程度和企业间信任度,可促进博弈过程中更快实现知识转移。     

创新技术价值信息不对称下厂商的许可策略

本文构建了创新技术商业价值信息不对称情况下在位创新厂商和生产厂商间的技术许可博弈模型,并运用逆向归纳法分别寻求混同均衡和分离均衡。分析结果表明,若运用两部制许可方式,从创新厂商的角度出发,当创新技术高经济价值的可能性较大时,高提成费用混同许可最优;当创新技术低经济价值的可能性较大时,低提成费用混同许可最优。此外,本文还得出固定费用许可条件下的最优许可策略。无论厂商选择何种许可方式,均不存在分离均衡。     

产出吸引、制度演进与增量改革的产权边界——基于中国制度演进路径的动态考察

制度演进理论将制度变迁行为归结为制度主体对环境的学习和适应过程,在完全信息和缺乏外在约束条件下,制度将会按照某种方式向最优的均衡路径逼近。但是,信息的不完全性、经济实体的制度兼容性以及转轨经济面临的产权、效率约束都会改变制度演进的路径和结果。根据Barro(1991)和Skott(1999)的分析框架,通过构建制度的动态演进方程,文章对在一定约束条件下的制度演进长期均衡路径进行了考察,勾勒出一幅全新的制度演进图景。同时,运用相关的宏观经济数据,文章考察了模型对中国经济制度演进路径的解释能力。     

An evolutionary game theory approach to the dynamics of the labour market: A formal and informal perspective

A stylized fact of the labour market in developing countries is that it is highly segmented in informality. One of the main factors that induce workers and firms into informality is an excessive regulatory system that makes formal economy little attractive. This study aims to analyze the dynamics of workers and firms’ entrance and withdrawal of the formal and informal economy, assessing the impact of taxes by using an evolutionary game theory approach in which economic agents decide for one these markets according to the expected pay-off. Moreover, the optimal relation between regulatory and enforcement action by the government is evaluated.