新型农产品营销体系的建设研究

随着市场经济的不断发展和市场竞争压力的不断增加,传统的农产品营销模式需要改革,以适应市场的发展趋势。当前,农产品营销体系存在缺乏完善的物流体系、农产品销售过程漫长、农产品营销信息不畅通、农产品销售过于分散、农产品营销手段单一等问题。基于此,需要完善物流体系,发展多元化的营销主体,建立网络营销体系,促进农户规模化发展,建立品牌化的农产品营销意识,以构建新型农产品营销体系。     

构建我国现代化农产品营销体系研究

本文分析总结了我国农产品营销市场的现状,并且针对营销体系的六个组成部分——营销主体、营销产品、销售渠道、销售价格、促销机制、营销组织、营销管理职能部门,对我国营销体系存在的问题展开了研究,希望通过对营销体系的完善,构建出与国际接轨的现代化营销体系,保障农产品营销主体的利益,推动农产品营销市场的健康、稳定、有效发展。     

我国农产品营销渠道创新探析

随着科技的发展,产业布局的调整,我国农产品市场急剧扩大。加入WTO后,国外农产品大量涌入,我国农产品市场格局发生了重大变化,农产品的供给转为相对过剩,农产品市场竞争更加激烈。市场环境的迅速变化,不仅使农产品的营销渠道问题成为学术界关注的重心,也是当前农村和城市农产品营销主体亟待解决的问题。本文从我国农产品营销渠道存在的问题着手,通过探讨农产品营销渠道创新的可行性,提出农产品营销渠道创新应在政府的支持和推动下,做到营销主体多元化、管理规范化、服务功能综合化、交易方式现代化、渠道扁平化,切实推动农产品的快速分销,提高农产品流通的效率和效益。     

我国农产品电子商务精准营销研究

我国农产品电子商务经过近十年的发展,取得了一定的成绩同时仍然存在市场资源配置效率较低,管理失范等问题。本文尝试从精准营销视角分析当前农产品电子商务存在传统电商营销思维的局限、"电"、"商"分离营销、农产品电子商务的规模效益不显著、农产品的品类定位异位等问题,提出了精准的品类定位体系、构建个性化的顾客沟通体系、实施的集成营销组织、提供个性化的农产品和增殖服务等对策建议。     

农产品市场营销渠道的多元化研究

农产品市场营销渠道已成为农产品营销中的关键,而现有农产品市场营销渠道存在流通时间长、信息化建设不完善等问题,对农产品市场发展构成了极大阻碍。论述了我国农产品营销渠道的主要模式,分析了我国农产品市场营销面临的困境,提出了农产品市场营销渠道的多元化发展策略,为推动我国农产品市场营销渠道健康稳定发展提供参考。     

农产品营销渠道的构建及发展趋势研究

随着现代农业及现代农业流通体系在世界范围内的发展,我国的农产品营销渠道模式也发生着剧烈变化。在传统的农产品营销渠道模式下,农户与传统批发商、村镇小商贩、集贸市场及粮油副食零售构成了农产品营销渠道的主体,因渠道成员普遍规模较小、相互协作较少,其渠道能力明显不足以应对不断发展的农产品消费市场。农业现代化的发展与农产品市场规模的扩张,使得农产品营销渠道必然走向与现代超市、零售企业、大型农产品经销商、农产品加工及农产品物流企业密切协作的新型高效率农产品营销渠道。文章列举了农产品营销渠道构建的影响因素,继而分析了农产品营销的现有渠道模式与营销渠道建设中存在的问题,在此基础上,提出建设一体化农产品营销渠道、创新农产品营销渠道交易方式及建设规模化经营的现代批发商是发展农产品营销渠道的必然趋势。     

互联网背景下农产品流通的多元化营销策略研究

互联网背景下,网络已经成为人们生产生活不可或缺的重要组成部分,"互联网+农业"已经成为助推农业转型升级的重要原动力。对于农产品流通而言,如何在互联网背景下,结合自身发展特点,实现多元化营销战略,已经成为摆在农产品流通领域乃至农业发展面前的一道重要课题。当前,在农产品流通多元化营销策略构建过程中还存在诸多问题,特别是在体制机制、系统化建设层面亟待完善。因此,应该从互联网对农产品流通影响的现实背景出发,通过创新多元化营销模式,加快农产品流通系统化建设,加速农产品流通转型发展。     

基于互联网环境下的农产品营销模式研究

农产品进入网络市场较晚仍有较大发展空间,因此各大电商争相抢占线上农产品市场,农产品的网络营销模式也层出不穷。文章选取当前较为热门的搜索引擎营销、BBS营销、网上商店、社交媒体营销和线上支付线下体验式营销等5种营销模式,采用AHP层次分析法,通过构建农产品互联网营销策略评价指标体系并建立模糊综合评价模型对上述5种模式进行定性和定量分析,结果表明:网上商店是当前农产品营销的最优选择;线上支付线下体验消费式的营销模式具有较大发展空间;其余3种模式效果不明显。并在分析农产品网络营销存在的问题基础上提出完善物流体系,加大保险技术研发力度;提高农产品标准化程度;进一步加强网络支付安全等建议。     

循环经济视域下生态农产品营销体系构建模式研究

基于循环经济发展理念去更新生态农产品的营销模式,能够充分拓宽农产品营销的经营思路与运作渠道,激发、释放农产品产业化运营的潜力和活力,有力协助农业供给侧结构性改革的有序推进。而营销意识相对滞后、管理机制较为单一以及创新力偏弱等不利因素的存在,则严重妨碍了循环经济发展理念推广与生态农产品营销更新的深度对接。因此,应进一步加强循环经济发展理念与生态农产品营销体系的全方位融合,构建更为规范化、多元化、创新性的营销运营机制,由此加快农产品产业化发展的更新转型、提档升级。     

互联网背景下农产品流通营销策略分析

在我国经济发展中,农业稳定发展起到了非常关键的作用,所以,加强农产品的营销是保障我国农业发展稳定性的重要工作,也是我国经济发展的关键途径。在农产品的营销中,应该积极利用互联网的优势,进行多元化营销,在增加农民收入的同时实现我国农业产业结构的调整,促进农业的长远发展。通过分析互联网背景下农产品流通的多元化营销现状,探索其多元化营销策略。     

Price transmission between products at different stages of manufacturing in forest industries

The theory of demand and supply implies a positive relationship, or “price transmission” between the prices of products at different stages of manufacturing. This relationship was investigated with quarterly prices of softwood stumpage in the US South, and national prices of forest products, from 1977 to 2002. All prices, net of inflation, were found to be nonstationary and there was no evidence of co-integration between prices. Vector autogressive models, augmented by Granger causality tests and multiplier analysis showed that there was a one-to-one permanent positive response of the southern sawtimber stumpage price to a permanent change in the national lumber price. There was also a one-third permanent positive response of the national paper price to a permanent change in the national pulp price. There was no relation between regional pulpwood prices and national pulp or paper prices. When price transmission was significant, the full adjustment took about 2 years.     

Application of an ecosystem function framework to perceptions of community woodlands

Owners, local residents, government, and conservation organisations can express divergent preferences in the development and management of local woodlands. The perceptions of these four groups were examined, in the context of three community woodlands in Eastern England, using an ecosystem function framework. In a pilot study, residents were able to allocate a relative importance to woodland ecosystem services which were then related to “regulation”, “habitat”, and “production” or “information” functions. However residents also placed importance on negative services or “dis-services” associated with the woodland ecosystem. Therefore a fifth category of “dis-services” was included in the main survey which included 84 local residents, three woodland owners, three government institutions, and six representatives from conservation groups. Each of the four groups placed greatest importance on services associated with habitat (16–39% of the total importance) and information (30–50%) functions suggesting, in this example, mutual interest in the use of woodlands as a habitat or recreational resource. By contrast a potential area of difference was the particularly high importance placed by one owner on dis-services such as fly tipping. In addition the woodland owners placed higher importance (10–20%), than local residents and conservation groups (7–9%), on the productive services of the wood. This suggests a need for communication when production-related operations affect recreation. The ecosystem function framework appears to be a useful approach for highlighting potential tensions and areas of mutual interest in the management of semi-natural ecosystems.     

The Effect of the Structural Adjustment Program on the Output,Prices and Exports of Major Agricultural Export Crops in Nigeria

The primary objective of this paper is to examine changes in the level of output, prices and exports of major export crops resulting from the Structural Adjustment Program (SAP) in Nigeria. THere two main sources of data: the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) through its annual reports, Economic and Financial Review, and the Nigerian Federal Office of Statistics (FOS) through its Trade Summaries. Although the SAP led to appreciable increases in output and producer prices, its effects on exports were insignificant. The implications of these for the implementation of the program are explored.     

In Vino ‘No’ Veritas: impacts of fraud on wine imports in China

China is one of the largest wine importing countries in the world and is poised for continued import growth in the future. Increased wine purchases throughout China have given rise to persistent fraud where fake wines are packaged and sold with counterfeit contents and labels. For exporting countries like France, counterfeit wines displace market share, damage foreign brand reputation, and cause distrust in consumers who are aware of counterfeiting problems throughout the country. We examine the impact of fraudulent wine events (as measured by negative media reports) on Chinese wine demand differentiated by supplying country. We employ the Rotterdam demand system and a switching regression procedure to estimate import demand and compare results across different media variable specifications. Results consistently show that negative reports disproportionately affect French wine regardless of how the media variable is specified. This is not surprising because most fraudulent events involve French wine counterfeits.     

An evaluation framework for earthquake-responsive land administration

In recent years earthquakes and their secondary hazards have claimed the largest number of lives of all large natural disasters. Some of the world’s most earthquake-prone zones are also areas of high population density. The impact is magnified by vulnerability factors including non-enforcement of building codes, knowledge gaps, urban poverty and poor governance capacity to manage and reduce earthquake risks. Poor security of land tenure and property rights increases the vulnerability of people and affects their ability to respond to natural disasters.Earthquake recovery and reconstruction provides very significant challenges for land agencies, with these challenges differing from one country to the next due to differences in the local context. Drawing on contrasting case studies in Haiti, Nepal and New Zealand this paper identifies the common post-earthquake land administration functions and challenges that may apply to many contexts. These lessons provide land agencies and other key stakeholders with a summary of the challenges an earthquake poses for land administration at different post-disaster stages. We also discuss the policy and regulatory, institutional, operational and preparedness lessons for land administration. From these lessons we propose a framework for evaluating the earthquake-responsiveness of a land administration system. This framework can be used by a land agency in an earthquake prone region, or where an earthquake has recently occurred, to assess what challenges to land administration might occur in the event of an earthquake, and the preparedness of their land administration system.     

Agrarian Poverty,Nutrition and Economic Class – A Study of Gujarat,India

This paper analyses poverty and calorific undernourishment in the Indian state of Gujarat, where high and market‐led industrial growth has resulted in rapid economic improvement. The study is carried out through a combination of secondary and survey‐based data. We conclude that the neoliberal agenda of uncontrolled, outward‐looking growth has not resulted in significant reduction of poverty or malnourishment in rural areas. Furthermore, while land ownership is officially used as a proxy for wealth distribution, class position appears a better predictor of poverty status in the rural areas than landownership per se. At the policy level, there is a need to revive the agrarian economy and create new non‐agricultural assets, and the primary focus in the state must shift to the distribution of created assets rather than a single‐minded focus on growth.     

Revealing different understandings of soil held by scientists and farmers in the context of soil protection and management

This paper aims to analyse and draw together results from similar studies in England, Switzerland and France which investigated farmers’ understanding of soil and compared it with that of scientists, researchers and advisors (collectively called scientists in this analysis). A range of methods were used across the three studies and different theoretical approaches, looking at forms of knowledge, local practice of knowledge production and conceptions of reality, were employed to explain the results. Despite the different contexts, methodologies and theoretical approaches in the three studies, the results reveal similar patterns of difference in farmer and scientist understanding of soil. In the English study, farmers demonstrate a ‘know-how’ form or intuitive working knowledge of soil while advisors rely on scientifically established forms of ‘know-why’ and seek to understand and explain soil processes. Similarly in the Swiss study farmers’ and scientists’ differing perceptions are directed and shaped by their respective aims, methods and context of work. In the French study, farmers and researchers are shown to have different conceptions of soil, they attribute different meaning to the same activities, and use different words and language to describe the same features. In all three studies understanding is shown to be cultural and contextual, as such an integrative theoretical framework is proposed.     

森林生物多样性评价模型的改进

针对2002年的评价模型中的不足,提出了新的改进后的森林生物多样性变化的评价模型,并在我国第六次森林资源清查(1999～2003)资料的基础上,对1973～2003年我国森林生物多样性的变化进行了补充评价。评价结果表明:我国森林生物多样性的压力越来越大,压力指数由1973年的100,上升到2003年的199.10,上升了1.99倍;森林物种多样性总体的下降趋势已有一定幅度的改变,森林物种多样性指数增加了31.12%。森林生态系统多样性和森林生物多样性先逐渐上升,尔后又下降,第六次森林资源清查时又有所恢复,并分别上升了4.67个百分点和17.90个百分点。     

Does sustainable agricultural growth require a system of innovation? Evidence from Ghana and Burkina Faso

This paper tests the ‘systems of innovation’ hypothesis for a selection of crops in Ghana and Burkina Faso that have shown significant growth in production over an approximately 20-year period. The question is whether such growth can only occur if supported by a system of innovation. Using two indicators (a common understanding on objectives and priorities, and a high level of interactivity), we find little evidence for the existence of anything that might be considered a high functioning system of innovation.     

Local impacts of industrial tree plantations: An empirical analysis in Indonesia across plantation types

The values ascribed to industrial tree plantations are often controversial. Hence knowledge of their perceived impacts is important for improving their integration in rural landscapes. In 2016 we conducted household surveys with 606 respondents living in villages adjacent to acacia, teak and pine plantations across three islands in Indonesia (Java, Borneo, Sumatra). Results show that perceptions toward pine and teak plantations tend to differ from those toward acacia pulpwood plantations in several ways. Pine and teak plantations are perceived to have a higher number and variety of benefits and services, a higher number of positive impacts, a better environmental record, and to present more opportunities to local people for use of plantation land and products for improving rural livelihoods. In addition, we find that villagers around acacia pulpwood plantations tend to seek economic development and infrastructure to open up remote areas, yet their expectations were often only partially met. Recommendations from our analysis include: the role of the State in plantations must be clarified and potentially reinforced; the role of institutions as intermediaries is fundamental; and contributions by communities to design of management plans should be accommodated.