基于相对VaR的资产配置和资本资产定价模型

本文在相对Value—at—Risk（VaR）风险度量的基础上重新审视了金融经济学中最为核心的两个问题：资产配置和资产定价。遵循经典的Markowitz—Sharpe理论体系，我们在一般的分布假设下建立了基于相对VaR的均值风险模型和资本资产定价模型，并得出了两基金分离、有效边界、证券市场线等一系列结论。通过研究比较，我们说明了经典的Markowitz—Sharpe理论体系只是本文所构建的资产配置和定价理论体系在正态分布假设下的一个特例。我们还通过实证研究来说明不同分布假设对金融决策的影响。     

对资本资产定价模型中的关系是否成立的检验

资本资产定价模型描述了市场均衡条件下收益与风险之间的关系，这一模型在实践中，对于企业或项目价值的评估，在折现率的估算方面有着广泛的应用，在投资分析过程中，该模型对甄别那些在市场上过高或过低定价的风险资产也有一定的参考价值，但任何的经济及金融模型都只是对现实的简化陈述。我们应该如何看待一个模型，在应用当中应对其投入多少的信念，这点可从其过去的表现来加以考察。[编者按]     

论风险中性定价的经济学基础

风险中性定价方法是金融资产定价的重要方法,它是指在对金融资产进行定价时,可以构建一个与实际概率不同的风险中性概率测度,在这一概率测度下金融资产收益的期望值可以得到测度,可以用无风险利率折现求得资产的价格。风险中性概率实质上是在未来情况下用于计算单位支付的相对价值,在这一概率测度下风险资产未来收益的均值得以求出,风险资产未来的收益被匡算成等价的无风险收益。因而,风险资产也就可以像无风险资产那样用无风险利率折现求得其当前的价格。     

金融资产定价异常与资产定价模型:理论与实证

通过委托-代理理论对传统资产定价模型进行的拓展,得出了信息不对称下的扩展资产定价和代理成本资产定价模型.据此,进一步通过因子分析设计出了反映逆向选择、道德风险和代理成本的相应变量,并运用上市公司的相应数据对传统的资产定价模型(CAPM)、羊群效应CAPM、FF三因素模型、扩展的CAPM和代理成本CAPM进行了对比分析.对比结果显示:在保证系数和模型准确性的前提下,运用二阶段最小二乘法(TSLS)对扩展的CAPM和代理成本CAPM的估计结果相较于上述三类模型显示了更强的解释力度.     

论风险中性定价的经济学基础

风险中性定价方法是金融资产定价的重要方法,它是指在对金融资产进行定价时,可以构建一个与实际概率不同的风险中性概率测度,在这一概率测度下金融资产收益的期望值可以得到测度,可以用无风险利率折现求得资产的价格。风险中性概率实质上是在未来情况下用于计算单位支付的相对价值,在这一概率测度下风险资产未来收益的均值得以求出,风险资产未来的收益被匡算成等价的无风险收益。因而,风险资产也就可以像无风险资产那样用无风险利率折现求得其当前的价格。     

资本资产定价模型在资产定价中的应用

资本资产定价模型是在马柯维茨资产组合理论的基础上发展起来的,本文主要阐述资本资产定价模型在收益性房地产估价、网络公司资产估价、股票定价中的应用.     

信贷资产组合保险策略定价研究

本文探讨了信贷资产组合保险策略在信用风险管理领域的地位。基于CreditMetrics模型，提出了信贷资产组合保险策略的定价算法，这是对主流风险计量模型的一种全新尝试。处理的过程对CreditMetrics的VaR技术做了一些细节上的变换，通过蒙特卡洛模拟得到了较理想的运算结果。最后对模型的实施提出了合理的建议。     

四阶矩国际资产定价模型探讨

金融市场中不仅存在方差风险,而且存在偏度和峰度风险.国际投资面临着诸多的不确定性因素,极值事件的发生会极大的影响国际资产收益.试图推导出四阶矩国际资产定价模型,为国际资产定价研究提出框架.     

基于顾客资产的资本资产定价模型

以夏普的资本资产定价模型为基础,指出顾客资产计量模型中应该考虑顾客信用因素的必要性,并将其导入资本资产定价模型是建立计量模型的必然要求,从而推导建立了顾客资产期望收益率模型。     

执行成本与资产定价:基于我国股市交易数据的理论与实证研究

证券交易的执行成本是信息不对称和市场供需不均衡时投资者买卖证券的风险补偿,是资产定价和市场微观结构的重要研究课题。为此,本文对国外做市商制度下股票执行成本与预期收益理论加以利用和创新,构建出符合我国股市交易制度现状的执行成本与资产定价模型,并提出新颖的“预期收益与执行成本非线性”假设,在此基础上使用交易数据对假设进行实证检验发现,对于我国股市流动性大且执行成本小的资产,其预期收益是相对买卖价差的凹性增函数,而对于流动性小且执行成本大的资产,其预期收益是相对买卖价差的凸性增函数。因此,在指令驱动交易制度下,预期收益是执行成本的分段凸性和整体非线性凹凸增函数。     

试论资产定义

自20世纪初以来,众多会计学者都试图对资产进行定义。但是,到目前为止还没有得出公认合理的资产定义,当前的主流资产定义(FASB、IASB和ASB)也存在缺陷。本文试图运用逻辑学并结合会计目标理论,在综合各种资产定义优点的基础上对资产进行定义,即资产是特定会计主体合法控制的能带来未来经济利益的资源。     

异质投资者与资产定价:一个新的资本资产定价模型

关于资产价格的研究，大多是建立在完关市场的假设下。本文提出了一个不完关市场中的资产定价模型。从投资者的资金成本差异和信息不对称的角度出发，探讨了不确定状态下异质投资者对资产价格的影响，并从模型的讨论结果中得到了一些政策含义。     

非营利组织资产产权

非营利组织的非营利性质,导致了其产权制度的特殊安排:非营利组织的出资人不拥有产权,非营利组织法人对资产拥有的财产所有权也不完整。不完整的法人财产所有权导致非营利组织会计制度采用了一些特殊的会计方法:报告主体和会计主体的分离、基金会计、预算会计等。     

Asset price volatility and banks

This paper examines the operation of Diamond–Dybvig banks when depositors have access to the asset market. Previous studies have shown that banks are redundant in this environment since it is impossible to prevent the strategic withdrawals. This paper shows that the strategic withdrawals can be prevented if the market risk, due to asset price volatility, is considered. Banks provide deterministic returns to the depositors since the aggregate withdrawals are predictable, and therefore, banks can choose the portfolio such that no asset liquidation is involved. However, an individual consumer with stochastic liquidity need is vulnerable to the price volatility if he holds the asset directly. Therefore, banks improve the consumers’ welfare by providing the insurance against not only the liquidity shock but also the market risk. Banks are not redundant.     

Asset pricing with loss aversion

The use of standard preferences for asset pricing has not been very successful in matching asset price characteristics, such as the risk-free interest rate, equity premium and the Sharpe ratio, to time series data. Behavioral finance has recently proposed more realistic preferences such as those with loss aversion. Research is starting to explore the implications of behaviorally founded preferences for asset price characteristics. Encouraged by some studies of Benartzi and Thaler [1995. Myopic loss aversion and the equity premium puzzle. The Quarterly Journal of Economics 110 (1), 73–92] and Barberis et al. [2001. Prospect theory and asset prices. Quarterly Journal of Economics CXVI (1), 1–53] we study asset pricing with loss aversion in a production economy. Here, we employ a stochastic growth model and use a stochastic version of a dynamic programming method with an adaptive grid scheme to compute the above mentioned asset price characteristics of a model with loss aversion in preferences. As our results show using loss aversion we get considerably better results than one usually obtains from pure consumption-based asset pricing models including the habit formation variant.     

Asset sales and takeover threats

This research addresses the question of whether the existence of a recent takeover threat affects the market reaction to a subsequent sale of assets. The effect of a prior takeover threat on the stock price reaction to an asset sale is examined from the perspective of both the buying firm and the selling firm. The total gains to the transaction are estimated as a market weighted average of the abnormal returns to the two firms. The results show that when there has not been a recent takeover threat on the selling firm, abnormal returns are significantly positive for the seller, the buyer and in total. However, if the selling firm has faced a takeover threat within the previous year, the abnormal returns upon announcement of an asset sale are insignificant for the seller, negative for the buyer, and negative for a portfolio of the two. Hence, the market has a lower estimate of the overall gains in transactions that follow takeover threats on the selling firm; in fact, these transactions result in a net wealth reduction.     

Asset bubbles and borrowing constraints

In this paper, we study the existence of asset bubbles in an overlapping generations economy à la Tirole [Tirole, J., 1985. Asset bubbles and overlapping generations. Econometrica 53, 1499–1528] with borrowing constraints. Deriving a condition for the existence of equilibrium paths with bubbles, we demonstrate that (i) a monetary steady state (a steady state with bubbles) is constrained dynamically inefficient, whereas capital in the monetary steady state is underaccumulating relative to the quasi-golden rule, (ii) there exists a government intervention which corrects the constrained dynamic inefficiency, and (iii) for some parameter values, such a government intervention reduces the utilities of agents with high productivity, while it increases per capita consumption.     

浅议医院资产管理

医院固定资产的主要构成是由固定资产和无形资产两大部分资产组合而来的,怎样才能加强关于固定资产的有效管理,从而加强资产在使用过程中的有用性,是医院资产管理一项重大挑战。论文在浅层面分析了关于医院固定资产管理工作所处的现实环境,并提出相应的改善方向。     

Asset pricing with endogenous aspirations

We develop the classical asset pricing analysis assuming that the representative agent is characterized by endogenous aspirations. The agent's aspirations at time t are given by a linear combination of the standard of living (habit) at time t (the "forward" part) and of the conditional expectation at t of the habit at the end of the agent's life (the "backward" part). With this process we capture the fact that the agent's preferences are affected by what he plans to do in the future. Under certain conditions, the risk premium turns out to be higher than that obtained with an additive expected utility when both the forward and the backward parts affect the utility negatively.