电子商务环境下双渠道闭环供应链协调定价模型

在电子商务环境下运用博弈理论研究了具有零售渠道和直销渠道的闭环供应链的定价与协调问题。分析和比较了分散决策与集中决策对双渠道闭环供应链节点企业定价决策和利润的影响,发现分散决策将导致一定的效率损失。为弥补这种效率损失,设计了一个两部收费制契约,以实现双渠道闭环供应链的协调。     

专利授权经销商再制造的双渠道闭环供应链协调研究

将专利授权经销商再制造纳入双渠道协调研究中,利用博弈论对一个制造商和一个经销商组成的双渠道闭环供应链模型进行了分析。研究发现非合作独立决策下,供应链系统未达到最优,为此设计了一个两部收费契约来有效协调双渠道闭环供应链。     

基于渠道竞争的双渠道供应链低碳协调策略

针对由一个制造商和一个零售商构成的双渠道供应链,将渠道竞争和产品的低碳性能引入消费者的非线性需求中,通过构建制造商为主导者的Stackelberg博弈模型,对比分析了分散决策和集中决策下的最优定价、碳排放水平和成员利润,并采用价格折扣-成本分摊契约实现了供应链的协调。研究结果表明:在分散决策和集中决策两种情况下,渠道竞争程度的增加均会造成碳排放水平、供应链利润和消费者效用的降低;集中决策下的直销价格大于分散决策下的直销价格,集中决策下的零售价格小于分散决策下的零售价格。最后通过算例验证了以上结论和协调机制的有效性。     

双渠道供应链协调的补偿—分享联合契约研究

文章针对电子渠道与零售渠道并存的双渠道供应模式,分析比较了集中决策与分散决策两种情况下零售商与供应商的收益,以及供应链整体收益,发现分散决策无法实现供应链协调,因此设计了一种补偿-分享联合契约,经证明可以实现供应链协调,同时发现该契约简单易懂,可行性较高.     

搭便车行为对双渠道供应链的影响分析

本文建立了一个双渠道供应链的模型,得出了存在搭便车行为时供应链的定价、服务决策和利润水平,并分析了搭便车行为的强度变化对于供应链决策和状态的影响。我们的结果说明了搭便车行为对于双渠道供应链有双向作用,既能提高集中决策供应链的利润,也会使分散决策的供应链利润受损,同时,证明了搭便车行为是导致供应链冲突的原因之一。     

零售商公平关切下闭环供应链产品升级生产与协调机制研究

研究了由一个制造商和零售商组成的产品升级闭环供应链的生产协调问题。引入公平关切系数后,分别讨论了产品升级闭环供应链集中与分散模型下的最优生产决策,分析零售商公平关切行为、产品升级前后性能差距对产品升级闭环供应链利润的影响,并提出“定价契约”对产品升级闭环供应链利润进行协调。研究表明,制造商需要合理控制升级前后产品性能差距才能使得升级前后产品拥有更好的市场;随着零售商公平关切行为程度的提升,制造商的利润会向零售商发生转移;控制升级性能差距不变,产品不断地推陈出新会提高供应链的整体收益;采用“定价契约”可以协调制造商和零售商之间的收益,实现帕累托优化。     

回收再制造逆向供应链中定价契约协调的研究

按分散式决策、集中式决策两种情形,分别构建了产品回收量与回收价格和回收努力同时相关的逆向供应链决策模型;并通过二部定价契约和回馈与惩罚契约对分散决策下的逆向供应链实现了协调,避免了"双重边际加价"所导致的利益损失,使得整条供应链的总利润与集中决策下的目标一致。     

基于双渠道闭环供应链的退役飞机回收决策分析

针对目前国内关于退役飞机回收与处理仍未形成完备体系的问题，从理论出发建立了由航材制造商、飞机制造商、第三方回收商构成的双渠道闭环供应链模型，通过博弈论研究分别由航材制造商、飞机制造商、第三方回收商主导以及集中决策下的供应链回收情况。研究结果表明，由于分散决策下处于领导地位的供应链决策者均以自身利益最大化为原则进行决策，导致供应链整体效益下降；而在集中决策下，供应链各参与方信息共享，共同决策，因此供应链系统可以在集中决策下达到经济效益与环境效益的双重优势。最后，利用数值分析探讨了不同权力结构与模型参数对双渠道闭环供应链模型的影响。     

电子商务环境下风险厌恶的双渠道供应链决策模式

运用期望-方差模型研究了风险厌恶情况下双渠道供应链的决策模式,分析了集中式和分散式供应链的价格决策,讨论了风险厌恶水平对制造商和零售商价格决策的影响。研究结果表明,风险厌恶的双渠道供应链的产品价格会低于风险中性的双渠道供应链的产品价格,与集中式决策的供应链比较,分散式决策供应链中的垂直和水平竞争会导致渠道无效率。     

旅游供应链利益分配中的产品定价协调机制研究

对一个由地接社和组团社所组成的旅游供应链在完全信息决策环境中的利益分配问题进行了研究,采取了分散定价和合作定价两个定价协调模型.通过对分散定价和合作定价下旅游供应链的利润水平变化分析,得出旅游供应链在合作定价下的利润水平要高于分散定价下的利润水平,而地接社和组团社的利润分配取决于地接社的报价水平,最后为了减少旅游供应链中地接社的利益博弈行为,采用了shapley值法对旅游供应链的利益分配问题进行了协调.     

Development in Information and Communications Technology (ICT) Statistics at the Australian Bureau of Statistics

This paper outlines the ICT statistical developments that the ABS has undertaken over recent years. These developments have been on both the supply side (ICT industry) and the demand side (use of IT by sector). The content of ABS ICT surveys has changed significantly over the last few years and are expected to develop further in line with industry changes and emerging policy needs.
Recent developments in household collections have been the inclusion of IT use questions in the 2001 Census of Population and Housing and in various ABS social surveys such as Children's Participation in Culture and Leisure Activities. Annual business IT use surveys are now conducted and include topics such as Internet commerce and IT security. Biennial ICT industry surveys are conducted to provide data on ICT production, imports and exports, ICT industry employment, performance and structure information. An Internet activity survey is run every six months and provides regional Internet access details and infrastructure details on Internet service providers.
A major development for 2002–03 will be the compilation of an ICT satellite account. ABS intends to produce an ICT Information Development Plan to guide its future statistical development work in the ICT field.     

Incumplimiento del salario mínimo en Europa central y oriental

En este estudio se analiza el incumplimiento del salario mínimo durante el periodo 2003–2012 en diez países de Europa central y oriental con salario mínimo obligatorio nacional. A partir de los datos de EU‐SILC y la metodología propuesta por Bhorat, Kanbur y Mayet (2013), se cuantifica la incidencia y magnitud del incumplimiento. Se realizan análisis de regresión sobre determinantes individuales, laborales y macroeconómicos. Aunque la incidencia permanece relativamente baja, los trabajadores a los que se dirigen las políticas de salario mínimo parecen los más expuestos a su incumplimiento. Con el tiempo, una mayor incidencia se asocia a una razón más alta entre salario mínimo y salario medio.     

Value at Risk in the Suburbs: Eminent Domain and the Geographical Politics of the US Foreclosure Crisis

Several US counties and local governments have recently considered a novel solution to the foreclosure crisis. They plan to use eminent domain to compel the owners of mortgage debt—and specifically of private‐label mortgage‐backed securities—to sell the debt to the government at a price reflecting the loan's market value. The government would then restructure the debt and resell it to new investors. The plans are striking because—in contrast to both development‐driven eminent domain and the federal subprime bank bailout—they would force investors to assume asset devaluation and increased long‐term risk. Notably, the plans have emerged as an instance of financialization‐focused politics in suburbs and suburban cities of color, specifically majority‐black and ‐Latino/a suburbs. Local support for the plans, we argue, is rooted in the long‐term disinvestment of these ‘suburbs of exception', which became targets of subprime lending and eventually sites where the ‘financial exception' has been localized. But these demographic shifts, fragmentation and fiscal pressures have at the same time created a suburban political terrain in which the plans have gained their strongest political support.     

Towards a Theory of Serendipity: A Systematic Review and Conceptualization

Serendipity – the notion of making surprising and valuable discoveries – plays a major role in the success of individuals and organizations alike. Previous research has established the importance of serendipity and identified important individual- and organizational-level antecedents. However, the literature has been dispersed and the boundaries of the concept have been blurry, leading to a lack of conceptual clarity and structure, and thus limiting validity and managerial actionability. Based on a systematic literature review, I synthesize existing management-related research on serendipity and explicate the emergence and composition of serendipity in the organizational context. I first identify three necessary conditions that differentiate serendipity from related concepts such as luck or targeted innovation: agency, surprise, and value. Then, I draw from the literature on sensemaking, event-based theorizing, and quantum-based approaches to management to conceptualize the process of cultivating serendipity in the organizational context as a process of enabling potentiality and materialization, and develop a multi-level theory of (cultivating) serendipity. This conceptualization contributes to our collective understanding of how, why, and when (i.e., under what conditions) organizations can leverage the value in the unexpected, which opens up fruitful avenues for further research.     

Accountability of NGOs in Bangladesh A critical overview

NGOs in Bangladesh have been recognized as effective change agents in the socio-economic arena throughout the world. Their contributions in micro credit, non-formal education and primary health care are widely known. NGOs play a significant role in society. NGO accountability, as a result, has become a critical issue. NGO accountability in Bangladesh has been examined here in relation to patrons, clients and themselves. Of the three relationships only accountability to patrons is in a near satisfactory state. Accountability to clients is handicapped by lack of opportunities of beneficiaries to participate meaningfully in NGO policy making. Accountability to themselves is adversely affected due to the adherence to a strictly hierarchical system and the influence of founding and charismatic NGO leaders.     

Cultural Economy Planning in Creative Cities: Discourse and Practice

While a growing body of research analyses the functional mechanisms of the cultural or creative economy, there has been little attention devoted to understanding how local governments translate this work into policy. Moreover, research in this vein focuses predominately on Richard Florida's creative class thesis rather than considering the wider body of work that may influence policy. This article seeks to develop a deeper understanding of how municipalities conceptualize and plan for the cultural economy through the lens of two cities held up as model ‘creative cities’ — Austin, Texas and Toronto, Ontario. The work pays particular attention to how the cities adopt and adapt leading theories, strategies and discourses of the cultural economy. While policy documents indicate that the cities embrace the creative city model, in practice agencies tend to adapt conventional economic development strategies for cultural economy activity and appropriate the language of the creative city for multiple purposes.     

Input/output ranges and performance: an examination of US machine tool producers

Despite the establishment of high-tech multinational enterprises (MNEs) in Ireland since the late 1950s, the country did not succeed in closing the technological gap with most of its EU counterparts. The weak National System of Innovation (NSI), and in particular low business and government R&D levels, combined with a lack of research and technology linkages between MNEs and indigenous firms, explain these poor results. However, the Shannon region in the West of the country presents some specific institutional characteristics that could theoretically make the region a strong technological enclave. The various actors in the region - i.e. the administrative, financial, political and research institutions, as well as the business organizations - have indeed infused a new type of economic development. After a brief review of the available concepts and models articulated around these actors and their interrelationships, the paper analyses whether the Shannon region, taken as an illustrative example, mirrors a specific economic and technological localized setting. The study is based on a survey of indigenous and foreign firms.     

Sixty years of discrimination and diversity research in human resource management: A review with suggestions for future research directions

This article reviews discrimination and diversity research published in Human Resource Management (HRM) over the past 60 years. While discrimination and diversity are very different constructs, it is often informative to study them together, because when people recognize each other's diversity, this can result in bias, stereotyping, and discrimination. We conducted bibliographic searches for terms related to discrimination and diversity as well as a manual search through every title and abstract published in HRM over the last 60 years to assess article relevance. The search resulted in 135 research articles with 136 unique studies (i.e., samples) which are reviewed in this article. Sex and race are the demographics that have been examined the most in HRM, while religion has been examined the least. Moreover, the number of studies examining lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) employees in the workplace in HRM has grown quickly within the past 10 years, culminating in a recent meta‐analysis. Our review looks at some of the earliest research published, the most recent research published, and the overall trends we identified in the research over the years for both discrimination and diversity articles. We then make future research suggestions and recommendations to advance the study of discrimination and diversity in the coming years.     

Towards an Asian model of human resource management? A comparative analysis of China,Japan and South Korea

There has been much discussion regarding the possible decline and weakening of national systems of human resource management (HRM). Yet, culture and institutions are often cited as the major stumbling blocks to this outcome. Such constraints may dissipate in the analysis, particularly if ‘regional clusters’ are considered where geographic and cultural closeness and ‘openness’ to similar economic pressures exist. In such cases, it might be postulated that convergence in HRM will occur. We argue that China, Japan and South Korea represent such a cluster. This article examines these countries, to see if a degree of convergence is taking place and if it is towards an identifiable ‘Asian’ model of HRM. A model of change is presented that distinguishes between levels of occurrence and acceptance. Details of the development and practice of HRM in each country are then set out. The article ends with a discussion and implications section and a brief conclusion.     

The Early History of the Cumulants and the Gram-Charlier Series

The early history of the Gram-Charlier series is discussed from three points of view: (1) a generalization of Laplace's central limit theorem, (2) a least squares approximation to a continuous function by means of Chebyshev-Hermite polynomials, (3) a generalization of Gauss's normal distribution to a system of skew distributions. Thiele defined the cumulants in terms of the moments, first by a recursion formula and later by an expansion of the logarithm of the moment generating function. He devised a differential operator which adjusts any cumulant to a desired value. His little known 1899 paper in Danish on the properties of the cumulants is translated into English in the Appendix.