关于金融危机对我国农产品贸易的影响机制研究

在金融危机的经济背景下,国际市场产品需求的大幅下降导致了我国产品出口总量的下降,同时人民币的相对升值也使得我国出口商品的价格相对上涨,从而进一步降低了产品的出口优势和数量。因此本文从需求传导机制、汇率传导机制以及贸易传导机制来探讨金融危机对中国农产品的出口贸易影响,并对我国农业贸易发展提出建议和对策。     

运用贸易技术壁垒协定保障在国际贸易中的正当权利

在推进国际贸易自由化的进程中，贸易技术壁垒也逐渐成为贸易的主要障碍，尤其是对发展中国家的影响更为突出。熟悉、掌握、运用世界贸易组织贸易技术壁垒协定（ＷＴＯ／ＴＢＴ），保障我国在国际贸易中的正当权利，是质量技术监督工作的重要任务。 一、贸易技术壁垒的主要特征 贸易技术壁垒，是指那些确定工农业产品或消费品的某些特性的强制性或非强制性规定的标准和法规，以及检验这些产品是否符合这些技术规定并确定产品质量、适用性能的认证手续和检验程序等，属于间接非关税壁垒，具有非关税壁垒的基本特征。 贸易技术壁垒主要表现形…     

信息运动范式与贸易壁垒中的标准情报

入世后,发达国家为了打击限制我国的出口商品而保护其本国商品,通过贸易技术壁垒,来限制我国商品向其国家的出口.理由就是我国商品的技术标准达不到其国内商品的标准.我国在此类贸易冲突中处于被动地位,因此,就需要我国的情报部门准确、及时地对国际标准情报进行分析研究,在面对或将要面对贸易技术壁垒时提出相应的对策,以便在贸易战中能够取得胜利,保护我国企业的经济利益.     

中国与欧盟纺织品贸易的博弈分析

我国是纺织品生产、消费和出口大国,纺织品出口在中国对外贸易中占有非常重要的地位。2005年1月1日,全球纺织品配额体制宣告结束,纺织品国际贸易将进入自由化时代。中国与其他国家在纺织品贸易方面经常会出现一些摩擦,本文将对中国与欧盟最近在纺织品贸易方面产生的贸易摩擦进行博弈分析。文中还研究了取消出口关税对中国福利的影响,并讨论了中国在博弈中的占优策略。     

金融危机下贸易保护主义产生的新背景、新形式及新特点

自2008年金融危机全面爆发以来,贸易保护主义日益肆虐。分析和总结本次金融危机下贸易保护主义产生的新背景、新形式及新特点,将帮助我国企业更有效地应对贸易保护主义,从而使中国经济尽快从金融危机的笼罩下全面复苏。     

中国与欧盟纺织品贸易的博弈分书

我国是纺织品生产、消费和出口大国，纺织品出口在中国对外贸易中占有非常重要的地位。2005年1月1日，全球纺织品配额体制宣告结束，纺织品国际贸易将进入自由化时代。中国与其他国家在纺织品贸易方面经常会出现一些摩擦，本文将对中国与欧盟最近在纺织品贸易方面产生的贸易摩擦进行博弈分析。文中还研究了取消出口关税对中国福利的影响，并讨论了中国在博弈中的占优策略。     

简析贸易技术壁垒及其原则

一、贸易技术壁垒的种类和特点 技术法规、标准、合格评定和通报是贸易技术壁垒协议的核心内容,前三点也是国际贸易技术壁垒的三要素.     

"贸易技术壁垒"及其对我国对外贸易的影响

一、"贸易技术壁垒"及其起源 当今世界贸易壁垒绝大多数来自于贸易技术壁垒(TBT).贸易技术壁垒是指一国以国家安全,保障人类健康和安全,保护生态环境,防止欺诈行为,保证产品质量为由采取的一些技术性措施.所谓技术措施首先是为保证产品的质量而制定的技术法规、标准和合格评定程序.     

金融危机中看中国对外贸易探讨

在美国金融危机向更深层次、向全球演进的背景下,中国经济也将面临前所未有的考验。金融危机对我国出口有两个方面的影响：一是直接影响,即金融危机对中美双边贸易的影响,尤其是中国对美国出口的影响。二是问接影响,即金融危机可能会对欧盟、日本,以及,世界经济贸易产生影响,从而进一步影响中国对欧盟、日本,以及世界其他国家的出口增长。由此产生的负面效应：金融危机加大了企业的经营风险。使其生存环境更加恶化。     

南北碳排放标准政策的微分博弈与策略选择

文章基于微分博弈原理,分析在碳排放标准政策下,南北国家基于福利最大化的占优策略均衡。研究发现,在气候政策对称时,执行相同严格程度的碳排放标准政策对南方国家来说是相对不公平的。运用HJB方程求得静态线性马尔科夫完美纳什均衡,结果显示,基于福利最大化,均衡情况下的策略选择应该是北方国家比南方国家实施更为严格的碳排放标准政策。并且,对于给定的碳排放水平S,降低南方国家的碳减排成本有利于全球福利的增加。     

全球化时代发展中国家的贸易利益重点

传统贸易利益的取得面临全球化带来的要素流动性以及多边体制的政策约束的限制，贸易带来的技术进步和创新应成为发展中国家追求的贸易利益的重点。贸易对技术进步特别是技术扩散有重大的促进作用，而且离开了国际贸易的开放，充分利用国际技术扩散和转移促进经济增长的努力将很难取得成效。东亚新兴经济体的实践也证明了这一点。     

Does Technology Foster Trade? Empirical Evidence for Developed and Developing Countries

This paper aims to investigate the effects of technology on international trade flows. In order to do so, the authors use a composite index designed to capture the performance of countries concerning technology and human knowledge as a new explanatory variable in an augmented gravity equation estimated for a sample of 62 developed and developing countries. Results show that geographical factors are always relevant, however geographical distance, being landlocked, technological and social factors seem to be more important for the poorest than for the richest countries. Transport infrastructure and technology can be considered as barriers to trade for those countries with lower endowment levels, therefore investing in these variables will increase the participation of the poorest countries in the world economy.The authors would like to thank the participants at the 2004 International Atlantic Economic Conference held in Lisbon and at the VII Encuentro de Economía Aplicada held in Vigo for their useful comments and suggestions. Moreover, the authors acknowledge the support and collaboration of the Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Económicas.     

The Cost of Rich (and Poor) Country Protection to Developing Countries

This study confirms that substantial barriers to market accesswill remain in both rich and poor countries following full implementationof the Uruguay Round agreement. The analysis finds that approximately40% of the costs of these barriers to developing countries arisefrom barriers to market access in industrial countries and 60%from barriers in developing countries themselves. The resultssuggest that there would be large gains to almost all regionsfrom a round of negotiations that increased market access inthe North and South. In Africa, the potential static gains frommultilateral reform appear to exceed those from preferentialliberalisation, without the well-known disadvantages of a preferentialapproach.     

日本技术性贸易壁垒的特点及应对策略

随着我国对外贸易的迅速发展，我国出口产品遭遇国外技术性贸易壁垒的限制也在不断增加，技术性贸易壁垒已成为阻碍我国出口贸易发展的第一大非关税壁垒。作为WTO的成员国，当今世界上经济和科技第二发达的日本，为了保护其国内市场，对进口产品制定了复杂苛刻的技术标准，这不仅阻碍了我国出口贸易的扩大，而且严重影响了中日经贸关系的正常发展。因此，我们要针对日本技术性贸易壁垒的限制措施加以研究，从根源上查找原因，寻找对策，进而制定出我国对外贸易跨越日本技术性贸易壁垒限制的良策。     

主导设计:市场进入壁垒理论新范式

在经济全球一体化趋势下,主导设计作为决定与控制市场进入壁垒的根源性壁垒,成为市场进入壁垒的新范式.为此,在当今新技术和新兴产业不断涌现的技术经济规范转换期,及时较早进入新技术系统,形成自我支持的技术体系和市场支撑网络,是后进企业和后起国摆脱大型跨国公司控制,成功实施进入跨越和实现赶超的根本路径和机会窗口.     

Chinese Outward Foreign Direct Investment and Industrial Upgrading from the Perspective of Differences among Countries

This paper constructs a two‐sector model to identify the effects of outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) in different countries on China's industrial upgrading and conducts an empirical analysis using provincial‐level panel data from 2003–2015. The results show that China can benefit from industrial upgrading via OFDI in developed countries by way of reverse technology spillover. This effect is significant in the eastern region, but not in the central and western regions. China can also benefit from industrial upgrading via OFDI in developing countries and countries along the Belt and Road through marginal industrial transfer. This effect is more significant in the central region, followed by the western and eastern regions. Our results imply that China should promote technology‐seeking OFDI in developed countries, and enhance efficiency‐seeking OFDI in developing countries, especially in countries along the Belt and Road.     

Regulation,Institutions and Aggregate Investment: New Evidence from OECD Countries

This paper investigate the relationship linking investment (capital stock) and structural policies. Using a panel of 32 OECD countries from 1985 to 2013, we show that more stringent product and labour market regulations are associated with less investment (lower capital stock). The paper also sheds light on the existence of non-linear effects of employment protection legislation (EPL) on the capital stock. Several alternative testing methods show that the negative influence of EPL is considerably stronger at higher levels. Finally, and importantly, the paper uncovers important policy interactions between product and labour market policies. Higher levels of product market regulations (covering state control, barriers to entrepreneurship and barriers to trade and investment) tend to amplify the negative relationships between EPL and the capital stock and ETCR and the capital stock. Equally important is the finding that the rule of law and the quality of (legal) institutions alters the overall impact of regulations on capital deepening: better institutions reduce the negative effect of more stringent product and labour market regulations on the capital stock, possibly through the reduction of uncertainty as regards the protection of property rights. This result also implies that the benefit from product and labour market reforms may be smaller in countries with weaker institutions.     

对发展中国家的贸易与美国制造业的就业变动

本文利用1997～2006年美国制造业的面板数据,从静态和动态的角度实证检验了美国制造业与发展中国家的进、出口贸易对美国制造业就业总量的影响。估计结果表明,考虑进、出口贸易对技术创新的驱动作用以后,进、出口贸易对就业的影响与理论预期存在不一致性,进口贸易不仅没有通过替代国内生产而减少劳动密集制造部门对劳动力的需求,反而促进了该部门的就业增长;出口贸易也没有通过产出扩大效应而增加劳动密集制造部门对劳动力的需求,出口贸易对就业的促进效应仅仅体现在技术密集制造部门。由于美国劳动力市场中存在价格效应、规模效应和劳动力需求的趋势效应,与发展中国家的进、出口贸易对美国制造业就业的影响呈现明显的滞后性和动态调整特征。     

Bridging the Economic Divide Within Countries: A Scorecard on the Performance of Regional Policies in Reducing Regional Income Disparities

Regional inequalities represent a continuing development challenge in most countries. There is a presumption in development economics that decentralized fiscal arrangements would lead to ever-widening regional inequalities. This paper provides an empirical test of this hypothesis. We conclude that regional development policies have failed in almost all countries, federal and unitary alike. Still, federal countries do better in restraining regional inequalities, because of the greater political risk these disparities pose for such countries. Our findings also suggest that countries experiencing divergence tend to focus on interventionist policies, while those experiencing convergence have taken a hands-off approach to regional development and instead focus on promoting an economic union by removing barriers to factor mobility and ensuring minimum standards in basic services across the country.