如何选择个人养老金保险产品

<正>2022年11月25日,人社部宣布个人养老金制度启动实施。在北上广等36个城市或地区先行试点建立个人养老金账户。账户开立后就可进行缴费购买个人养老金产品,年缴纳上限12000元,缴费即可享受税费优惠。人力资源和社会保障部公布的数据显示,截至2022年底,个人养老金参加人数1954万人,缴费人数613万人,总缴费金额142亿元。     

现金余额型职业养老金计划及其对我国的启示

现金余额型养老金计划是美国职业养老金近年衍生出的创新模式之一,作为混合型计划的一种,其兼具确定给付型和确定缴费型养老金制度的特点。本文运用比较法分析了现金余额型养老金计划的运行机理,进而在分析我国目前职业养老金面,临的困境的基础上,指出现金余额型养老金计划对我国职业养老金建设的借鉴意义,具体包括：DC计划不是职业养老金...     

非缴费型养老金制度的国外实践与启示

非缴费型养老金制度是"五支柱"模式的基础层,旨在缓解老年贫困,能够为终身贫困群体和没有资格领取正式养老金的退休群体提供最低生活保障,具有普享型的特征。本文讨论了非缴费型养老金制度的内涵与分类,对加拿大、新西兰、韩国的实践经验进行分析和总结,并结合我国非缴费型养老金制度存在的不足提出了对策建议。     

第三支柱个人养老金账户缴费率、替代率研究北大核心

当前建立多层次多支柱养老保障体系,实现养老保险制度可持续发展最为关键、最为迫切的是促进“第三支柱”个人养老金制度建设与发展,而测算个人养老金账户适度缴费率和替代率水平是建立和完善第三支柱个人养老金账户的基础。本文根据国民财富养老人口结构分配和三期代际交叠生命周期理论尝试构建了个人养老金账户缴费率模型,同时测算了个人养老金账户缴费率与替代率水平。本文研究发现:2020—2050年个人养老金账户适度平均缴费率水平为4.5%,而提高个人养老金账户投资收益率、适度提高个人养老金账户缴费率、引导居民提前着手建立个人养老金账户等有助于提高个人养老金账户替代率至10%的下限适度水平,甚至达到15%的上限适度水平。     

新农保对农民最优储蓄的挤出效应及其影响因素分析——基于两期代际扩展模型的应用

新型农村养老保险制度的实施和持续发展,不仅具有维护农村居民社会养老保险权益公平性的社会作用,还能起到刺激农村消费需求增加从而促进农村经济发展的经济作用。通过两期代际扩展型的应用,证明了新农保的实施对个体农户终身效用最大化下的最优储蓄存在挤出效应,其主要影响因素有:缴费年限、缴费比率、养老保险账户的增值保值能力和收入替代率等,并以此为基础,提出了完善新农保制度、促进其可持续发展的政策建议。     

非缴费型养老金制度之可行路径——《中国养老金发展报告2019》发布

"什么是非缴费型养老金,或称社会养老金?社会养老金距离中国远吗?中国社会养老金的发展趋势……"2019年12月30日,中国社科院社会保障论坛暨《中国养老金发展报告2019》发布式在北京举行,围绕主题"非缴费型养老金制度的中国道路与国际实践",中国社科院世界社保研究中心主任郑秉文用5个问题为研讨会开篇.     

完善养老金个人账户——瑞典的经验及启示

养老问题一直是社会各界普遍关注的热点问题,近些年来,国际上有很多国家都对养老金制度进行了改革。现阶段在我国社会养老保险体系既有路径和资源约束条件下,我国养老金个人账户的运行与管理在实践中存在很多的难点、痛点问题,亟须破解。瑞典于1999年实施了养老金名义账户制改革,并且建立了多支柱的养老保险体系。此次养老保险制度改革使瑞典养老金制度实现了代际平衡和财务稳定,确保了制度有效良性运行。本文全面梳理了瑞典基本养老金个人账户制的实践历程,深刻分析其改革的内在逻辑及实施路径,为我国养老保险制度改革、完善个人账户和建立多层次社会保险体系提供有益的经验及启示。     

新农保对农民最优储蓄的挤出效应及其影响因素分析——基于两期代际扩展模型的应用

摘要：新型农村养老保险制度的实施和持续发展,不仅具有维护农村居民社会养老保险权益公平性的社会作用,还能起到刺激农村消费需求增加从而促进农村经济发展的经济作用。通过两期代际扩展型的应用,证明了新农保的实施对个体农户终身效用最大化下的最优储蓄存在挤出效应,其主要影响因素有：缴费年限、缴费比率、养老保险账户的增值保值能力和收入替代率等,并以此为基础,提出了完善新农保制度、促进其可持续发展的政策建议。     

中国统一的最低养老保险制度实现路径、挑战和机制

中国养老保险制度以缴费型的第一支柱为主体、统账结合和城乡差距明显的现实,决定了将现有的城镇职工养老保险、灵活就业人员养老保险和新农保制度中基本养老金确定为最低养老金,将城乡最低养老金按照不同的速度逐渐调整为统一的最低养老金并使其覆盖全体老年人,就成为了中国统一最低养老保险的现实路径。要实现统一的最低养老保险,就要在待遇端构建城乡基础养老金的调整及统一机制,在缴费端优化统账结构并构建中国养老保险个人缴费减免补偿机制。     

浅议我国养老保险基金的保值增值

我国现行的养老保险由企业和个人按工资基数共同缴付，构成基本养老保险。基本养老保险分别记人两个账户，一是基础养老金，在确定发放标准后，现收现付，用于社会统筹，具有再分配性质；二是个人账户养老金，在确定缴费水平的基础上，由职工本人缴纳，同时企业缴纳一部分，在退休后支付给个人，是预筹的，具有基金性质。在基本养老保险之外可由企     

Almanac of anticipations: The age of affluence—of anticipation—of anxiety—of automation—of discontinuity—of longing—of overkill—of space exploration

With this survey of developments in the futures field since 1945, I.F. Clarke completes his present series for Futures. He makes two major points: that forecasting techniques have become essential tools in the management of change; and that nuclear weapons and ecological problems have added a moral dimension to the study of the future. In the next issue of Futures he will start a new series on the range of future-thinking in the USA, from the expectations of the first settlers to the Star Wars programme.     

基金公司经营融资融券业务的问题审视

融资融券业务正式运营已经开展,为证券市场带来了革命性的改革,作为证券市场的一大主体,基金公司面对融资融券也迎来了新的发展方向和挑战,本文从融资融券业务的运行机制入手,分析了基金公司融资融券的新契机,并对其即将面临的问题进行审视和剖析,进而提出策略建议.     

对基层人民银行科技工作的几点建议

银监会分设后,人民银行将专司货币政策、金融稳定、金融服务三大职能。作为人民银行的分支机构,基层人民银行的工作重心也将从金融监管调整到这三大职能上来。人民银行的科技部门,就要积极运用科技手段,为人民银行履行新的职能发挥“服务、支持、促进、发展”的作用。一、围绕三大职能搭建五大平台经过“六五打基础、七五作准备、八五大发展”几个阶段后,人民银行相继实现了核算电算化、清算网络化和办公信息化。特别是近一两年来,陆续开通了大额支付系统、信贷登记咨询系统、会计四集中系统、金融信息服务网站等系统,人民银行信息化水平又…     

社会主义所有制形式的改革、完善与共产党执政能力的提高

在中国,所有制形式的调整、改革与完善,先进生产力的发展,党的执政能力建设,是社会主义建设过程中密切结合在一起的三个不同层面的发展关系.应在相互促进和共同提高中促进社会的和谐发展,保证社会主义现代化建设战略目标的顺利实现.     

Summary of Results of Survey of Seminar Attendees

Abstract

The Society of Actuaries undertook a three-phase research project on mortality improvement in the three NAFTA countries: Canada, Mexico, and the U.S. Phase 1 consisted of a literature review of papers on projecting mortality levels in the future and a study of the trend in mortality improvement during this century. Phase 2 consisted of a discussion of different facets of modeling mortality rates at a seminar attended by 79 experts (actuaries, demographers, economists, and medical researchers) representing different countries. The last session of the seminar consisted of the completion of a survey by the attendees to obtain input for Phase 3, which would analyze the impact of mortality improvement on the social security system of each country. This paper summarizes the results of the survey.

The survey results illustrate the difficulty in forecasting mortality levels, because the effects of many factors that could have significant impact on mortality rates are unknown. This suggests the need for dynamic forecasting, which allows for the possibility of random shocks. A majority of the survey respondents believe that stochastic forecasting models, despite their complexity, have significant potential to add value. Respondents also believe that both historical data and cause-specific mortality forecasts are useful as input and also in validating forecasts of the aggregate levels of mortality. The challenge is to develop more sophisticated forecasting models to produce results that are relatively easy to interpret and to communicate these results to the desired audiences, including the public and policymakers.

The survey results suggest that the aggregate effect of lifestyle changes, medical advances, diseases, catastrophe, and physical environmental changes is an increase in life span. However, there is much uncertainty about the future. Respondents expect that beyond the year 2020 the mean annual rate of reduction in mortality for males age 65 and over will average about 0.58% for Canada, 0.76% for Mexico, and 0.67% for the U.S. The results for the female age 65 and over population are 0.64%, 0.83%, and 0.70%, respectively. The age 65 and over population is expected to see larger percentage reductions in mortality than the 0–14 and 15–64 populations. The reductions in male and female mortality will be ultimately the same, and the mortality levels in the three countries will ultimately converge, although differences may persist for decades.     

The Usefulness of Measures of Consistency of Discretionary Components of Accruals in the Detection of Earnings Management

Abstract:  Prior research has shown the prevalence of measurement error in models used to estimate aggregate discretionary accruals. In these models, the incremental information content of the various components of accruals is ignored. Limited prior research and data gathered from firms under Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) litigation indicate that managers use either one or more than one component of accruals simultaneously, in a consistent way to manipulate bottom-line earnings in a given direction. I propose two measures that capture the consistency between the discretionary components of accruals and test their significance in earnings management (EM) detection in firms that have artificially added accrual manipulation and firms that were targeted by the SEC for accrual manipulation. There is evidence that this information is incrementally useful in detecting EM. This finding paves the way for improvements in the discretionary accruals measure by including consistency information from the components of aggregate accruals.     

Properties of time-series estimates of degree of leverage measures

Empirical studies suggest that time-series regression estimates of the degrees of operating and financial leverage have a tendency to produce measures less than one. According to ex ante theory, these measures should be greater than one for firms operating above the breakeven point. There have also been suggestions that the biases in these estimates may be attributable to an underlying increase in unit sales. This work presents evidence that these counter-intuitive measures are produced by changes in the firm's operating parameters (unit price, variable cost, fixed cost and interest payments). It further suggests that attempts to control for the underlying change in unit sales substantially increase the volatility of predicted estimates.     

浅议金融机构的举证责任

金融纠纷案件是当事人以存单或进账单、对账单、存款合同、保险单、票据、证券等凭证为主要证据向人民法院提出诉讼的案件,对于不同种类金融纠纷的当事人的举证责任,我国现行的金融法律、法规及司法解释有不同的规定。由于金融机构的特殊法律地位,发生金融纠纷时存在有关当事人将最后偿付风险转移给金融机构承担的主观故意,在客观上会使金融机构难以提供相应的证据来对抗不法债权人的诉讼请求,而导致金融机构败诉。为此,对金融诉讼案件中金融机构的举证责任加以研究具有重要的实践意义。     

Separation of Unit of Account from Medium of Exchange

The separation of a unit of account (UoA) from a medium of exchange (MoE) in the commodity–money system is investigated by considering explicitly a seller's choice of UoA in terms of either an MoE or a unit of metal weight. If the likelihood of debasement of an MoE and its rate are high enough, the price is posted in terms of a unit of metal weight rather than an MoE. Interestingly, this MoE–UoA separated equilibrium yields the flexible nominal price, whereas an MoE–UoA integrated equilibrium yields the sticky one. This implies the nominal price rigidity in the fiat‐money system where MoE and UoA are integrated.     

银行软件项目外包管理分析

一、引言随着国民经济的不断发展,银行业务与外部企业的联系越来越密切。银行正逐步成为现代经济活动的中心,作为数据处理核心的银行业务应用也越来越大型化、越来越复杂化,因此许多银行也把软件项目逐步由原来的自主开发转变为与公司合作的方式,或直接外包开发的方式,银行本身的技术人员也逐步由开发转向项目管理。二、项目外包的分类银行项目的外包有以下几种情况:①部分子系统外包,有时由于银行的软件项目太大,单靠银行自身的开发力量基本无法在预定的时间内完成项目,只好把相对独立的部分外包;②直接购买软件公司的成熟产品,有些金融软…