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企业拖欠职工工资,当期已提未付,可能若干年后补发。请问,对企业已提未付的工资以后年度能否补提?能否允许税前列支?如果不能,税收如何处理?按照有关税收政策的规定,对企业所得税税前扣除的工资薪金实行五种制度:(1)执行国务院规定的事业单位工作人员工资制度的,可以据实扣除;(2)具备一定条件的软件开发企业和软件开发生产企业的工资据实扣除;(3)计税工资制度,在计税工资限额内的,据实扣除。超过计税工资的,按计税工资扣除;(4)“工效挂钩”制度;(5)餐饮服务行业提成工资制度。因此,如果实行前三种工资制度,对于已经提取但未支付的不得在税前…     

煤炭行业上市公司资本结构影响因素的实证分析

以沪深两市29家煤炭行业上市公司为研究样本,采用因子分析和多元回归方法对煤炭行业上市公司资本结构的影响因素进行了实证研究,分析结果显示:资产流动性、成长性和盈利能力对资本结构的影响比较显著,企业规模、非债务税盾以及资产担保价值对上市公司资本结构的影响并不显著。并且成长性、非债务税盾、资产担保价值与公司的资本结构成正相关关系,其余变量则呈负相关关系。     

对加大企业公益性捐赠税收激励的思考

我国现行企业所得税对企业公益性捐赠执行税前限额扣除,很大程度上发挥了激励企业公益捐赠的效应。但随着公益事业的发展,对企业公益捐赠的税收优惠力度还需加大。本文建议:调整非货币性捐赠企业所得税应纳税所得额税前扣除计税基数;在企业将货物等用于公益性捐赠时应执行税收优惠政策,免征增值税、消费税、营业税。     

我国电子信息类上市公司资本结构影响因素实证分析

本文利用48家沪深电子信息类上市公司的财务数据,通过面板数据模型,对我国电子信息类上市公司资本结构的影响因素进行实证研究,得出以下结论:公司规模、成长性、股权集中度、资产结构和非债务税盾与电子信息类上市公司资本结构呈正相关,盈利能力与其资本结构呈负相关。最后结合我国实际情况,对于出现结论与假设不一致情况的原因做了分析。     

上市公司资本结构选择模式及实证研究

大量的文献表明,资本结构的选择受资产结构、公司规模、非债务税盾、成长性、波动性、产品独特性、获利能力等公司特征因素影响.此外,资本结构的选择还受行业特性、宏观经济以及制度环境等因素影响.Harris和Raviv(1991)对来自美国公司的许多经验研究进行总结:"杠杆随着固定资产比率、非债务税盾、成长性和公司规模的增加而增加,随着变动性、广告费用、破产可能性、获利能力和产品独特性的增加而减少."     

财政部 国家税务总局关于调整企业所得税工资支出税前扣除政策的通知

经国务院批准,现就企业所得税工资支出税前扣除政策调整的有关问题通知如下:一、自2006年7月1日起,将企业工资支出的税前扣除限额调整为人均每月1600元。企业实际发放的工资额在上述扣除限额以内的部分,允许在企业所得税税前据实扣除;超过上述扣除限额的部分,不得扣除。对企业在2006年6月30日前发放的工资仍按政策调整前的扣除标准执行,超过规定扣除标准的部分,不得结转到今年后6个月扣除。二、各省、自治区、直辖市人民政府在不高于20%的幅度内调增计税工资扣除限额的规定停止执行。三、原按国家规定可按照工资总额增长幅度低于经济效益增…     

我国上市公司资本结构决定因素的理论与实证分析

本文以资本结构理论为基础,对我国上市公司资本结构的决定因素进行了实证检验.结论是,公司规模、抵押担保能力、盈利能力、偿债能力、成长性、非债务税盾是影响上市公司资本结构的因素.另外,面板数据检验的结果表明,股票市场状况也是影响资本结构的重要因素.     

税收征管数字化对资本结构动态调整的影响研究

为进一步优化企业资本结构,推动实体经济高质量发展,聚焦税收征管数字化与资本结构动态调整的关系,基于2012—2021年沪深A股上市公司数据,探究了税收征管数字化对企业资本结构动态调整的影响。研究发现,税收征管数字化加快了资本结构调整速度,并显著提高了企业增减债务调整资本结构的概率,对权益融资调整方式的影响不显著。进一步研究发现,在小规模、高盈利及外部审计质量较差的企业中,税收征管数字化对资本结构动态调整的影响更明显。研究结论为进一步完善智能化监管和优化企业资本结构提供了新的参考依据。     

企业所得税处理常见问题及审查方法

工资性支出未按税法规定全部作纳税调整，造成税前多列工资总额及三项费用。税法规定，在计算企业所得税税前扣除额时，企业支付给职工的基本工资、浮动工资、各类补贴、津贴、资金，必须按税收规定的计税办法扣除；提取的工会经费、职工福利费、职工教育经费，分别按照税法规定的计税工资的2％、14％、1.4％计算扣除。国家税法规定的工资计税办法是：按照每人每月不低于800元的工资扣除；经批准实行工资与经济效益持钩，并同时报税务机关备案认可的企业按照“两率”控制（发放的工资总额增长幅度低于经济效益的增长幅度、职工平均工资增长幅度低于劳动生产率增长幅度）的办法扣除，否则一律按照国家规定的每人每月不低于800元的工资扣除。会计人员在进行企业所得税汇算清缴时要按照税法的规定对工资和三项费用的项目作正确调整。     

资本结构影响因素：理论和证据

国外研究表明，资产结构、公司规模、非债务税盾、成长性、财务困境成本、投资额、独特性、产生内部资源能力等因素影响资本结构的选择。实证分析显示，除了财务困境成本因素外，影响国外公司的特征因素几乎也可以同样的方式影响中国上市公司的资本结构。     

Bayesian Premium Rating with Latent Structure

We propose a fully Bayesian approach to non-life risk premium rating, based on hierarchical models with latent variables for both claim frequency and claim size. Inference is based on the joint posterior distribution and is performed by Markov Chain Monte Carlo. Rather than plug-in point estimates of all unknown parameters, we take into account all sources of uncertainty simultaneously when the model is used to predict claims and estimate risk premiums. Several models are fitted to both a simulated dataset and a small portfolio regarding theft from cars. We show that interaction among latent variables can improve predictions significantly. We also investigate when interaction is not necessary. We compare our results with those obtained under a standard generalized linear model and show through numerical simulation that geographically located and spatially interacting latent variables can successfully compensate for missing covariates. However, when applied to the real portfolio data, the proposed models are not better than standard models due to the lack of spatial structure in the data.     

The development of the group accounts disclosure system in Japan

The Japanese disclosure system of consolidated statements was introduced in 1977 and extensively revised in 1997. The role of the bureaucracy has been significant in these developments and seems to be part of Japan's closed culture. However, other explanations could also be applied. In particular, although Japanese firms opposed such disclosures on the basis of preparation costs, the Japanese government had to modernize the disclosure system, including consolidation, in order to develop the securities market regardless of an individual company's interests.     

Moments of Compound Mixed Poisson Distributions

Recursive formulae are derived for the evaluation of the moments and the descending factorial moments about a point n of mixed Poisson and compound mixed Poisson distributions, in the case where the derivative of the logarithm of the mixing density can be written as a ratio of polynomials. As byproduct, we also obtain recursive formulae for the evaluation of the moments about the origin, central moments, descending and ascending factorial moments of these distributions. Examples are also presented for a number of mixing densities.     

The designing of corporate accounting law in Japan after the Second World War

After the Second World War, during the neutralization of the controlled economy of wartime Japan, a design for a Corporate Accounting Law was elaborated by the Investigation Committee on the Business Accounting System. The Investigation Committee tried to establish not only new business accounting standards but also a central and independent administrative organ of corporate accounting regulation on the basis of the Corporate Accounting Law. The Corporate Accounting Law was expected to lay the legal foundation of the new corporate accounting regulation regime in Japan. Nevertheless, even though the original design of the fundamental accounting law was never realized, it should be considered the starting point for our understanding of external accounting history in post-war Japan.     

Disclosure of government financial information and the cost of local government’s debt financing——Empirical evidence from provincial investment bonds for urban construction

China’s slowing economic growth and rapid urbanization have made local government debt financing a significant issue.This study uses a sample of China’s provinc...     

Short-sale refinancing and price adjustment speed to bad news: Evidence from a quasi-natural experiment in China

Short selling may accelerate stock price adjustment to negative news. However, the literature provides mixed evidence for this prediction. Using short-sale refinancing and a staggered difference-in-differences (DID) model, this paper explores the effect of short selling on stock price adjustment. Our results show that (1) short-sale refinancing improves the speed of stock price adjustment to negative news. This result holds after we control for endogeneity. (2) The positive relationship between short-sale refinancing and stock price adjustment speed is significant in subsamples of stocks with higher earnings management or lower accuracy of analyst forecasts, indicating that firms with more opaque information are more likely to be targeted by short sellers. In subsamples of stocks with a higher ownership concentration or lower ownership by institutional investors, short selling is more likely to increase the speed of stock price adjustment, indicating that ownership structure may influence negative news mining. (3) As short-sale refinancing exacerbates the absorption of bad news by stock prices, it increases crash risk. This study enriches the research on the economic consequences of short selling and provides empirical evidence supporting regulations on short selling in China.     

The deliberation around accounting techniques: accounting for depreciation and foreign exchange in an Indian jute company, 1870-1900

This paper examines the way two accounting techniques, namely depreciation and foreign exchange, were deliberated on, between 1870 and 1900, in an Indian jute company whose shareholders resided in the UK. The arena for these deliberations was the conflictual relationship between controlling and non-controlling shareholders as to how best to account for depreciation and foreign exchange especially when the particular accountings affected distributional issues such as the dividend decision. The purpose of this paper is to analyse and explain the processes by which a company's accounting practices emerge and develop as a contest between different interests. Accounting framed the parameters of the deliberations and provided the language of power and dissent. The paper uses a rich archive that includes narrative and accounting material.     

Guidelines for Manuscripts Submitted to The China Journal of Accounting Research

【正】The China Journal of Accounting Research"CJAR"(ISSN 1755-3091)publishes quarterly.It contains peer-reviewed articles and commentaries on accounting,auditing ...     

Guidelines for Manuscripts Submitted to The China Journal of Accounting Research

正The China Journal of Accounting Research"CJAR"(ISSN 1755-3091)publishes quarterly.It contains peer-reviewed articles and commentaries on accounting,auditing and corporate governance issues that relate to the greater China region.We welcome the submission of both theoretical and empirical research papers pertinent to researchers,regulators and practitioners.Authors should note: