认股权证定价理论探讨

认股权证在性质上也是一种期权,但并不是一种单纯的期权,其定价要比普通期权复杂。期权定价理论不仅支撑着期权市场的发展,同时推动了整个金融衍生市场的发展。本文回顾了经典的期权定价理论及欧式期权定价模型。本文还在Black-Scholes模型的基础上,通过改变B-S模型的基本假设,给出了几种基本的修正模型及定价公式。     

我国股指期权的非参数修正定价研究

2013年,中金所先后启动沪深300和上证50股指期权仿真交易,标志着我国股指期权的上市准备工作更进一步,因此能否对其合理定价至关重要。参数定价模型存在实际市场环境与假设条件不吻合的缺点,而非参数定价方法又难以包含市场的先验信息,对此本文提出我国股指期权的非参数修正定价模型,该方法能与任何参数模型进行融合,并起到校正系统性误差的作用。本文以沪深300股指期权仿真交易数据为基础进行实证分析,结果表明该定价模型对实际市场价格有较高的拟合效果,明显优于BS定价公式。     

CEV模型下彩虹期权定价模型的研究

本文通过在对欧式二因素彩虹期权定价模型的研究,推导出CEV模型下彩虹期权定价公式,并证明了该公式的合理性;最后运用了三叉树方法求出CEV 模型下二因素彩虹期权数值解.     

期权定价模型的综述与倒向随机微分方程

本文详细地回顾了期权定价理论的发展历程,总结了期权定价模型,同时,我们阐述了倒向随机微分方程及其性质,最后,我们用倒向随机微分方程详细推导了期权定价问题。     

CEV模型下彩虹期权定价模型的研究

本文通过在对欧式二因素彩虹期权定价模型的研究，推导出CEV模型下彩虹期权定价公式，并证明了该公式的合理性；最后运用了三叉树方法求出CEV模型下二因素彩虹期权数值解。     

并购中目标企业价值评估的期权定价法

企业并购中,对目标企业的价值评估是关键步骤。本文突破了传统的定价方式,将期权概念引入目标企业的价值评估中,通过修正后的布莱克-肖尔斯期权定价模型对其估价,并提出了交易价格合理与否的判断标准。     

可转换债券的交换期权定价模型

可转换债券是一种内含期权结构的特殊金融产品。通过对可转换债券内含期权性质的研究 ,发现可转换债券内含的将债券转换成股票的期权不是一般的标准期权 ,而是一种期权的买方有权将一个资产转化为另一个资产的奇异期权———交换期权。以往对可转换债券的定价研究 ,很少对可转换债券内含期权的这一特点加以重视。因此 ,从对交换期权的定价角度入手 ,通过分别对构成可转换债券的无期权债券和期权的定价方法 ,推导可转换债券的定价模型     

美式封顶看涨期权的定价分析

期权是现代金融风险管理的重要工具之一,确定的执行价格以及特殊的损益是期权最大的特点。美式期权可以在期权到期日之前的任何时间行权,封顶确定了市场价格和执行价格之间的间距,看涨期权具有损失有限收益无限的特点。自1973年Fischer Black和Myron Scholes提出了著名的期权定价公式,Black-Scholes的研究框架成为期权定价研究的主流。标准的美式封顶看涨期权定价是自由边界问题,本文从美式封顶看涨期权性质研究开始,继而建立自由边界模型和变分不等方程两种模型对美式封顶看涨期权的定价进行分析。     

供应链风险管理中独立式期权的应用研究

本文探讨了在生产提前期长、销售季节短、需求不确定性大的情况下,建立一个基于期权的多制造商、多销售商的两级、单周期供应链模型。首先引入布莱克-斯科尔斯-默顿期权定价模型,并对其进行修正。接着分析了销售商买入看涨期权时的最优采购策略,制造商买入看跌期权时的最优生产策略。研究结果表明,将期权应用于供应链风险管理中不但能够提高销售商的采购柔性、降低市场风险,而且降低了制造商的库存风险,获得更多利益。最后,通过数值算列验证研究结论的有效性。     

分数布朗运动环境下的欧式期权定价

在沪深300股指期权即将推出之际,本文研究了分数布朗运动下波动率具有时变非随机性质时欧式看涨期权的定价模型,并给出了分数布朗运动下具有时变性但非随机波动率的欧式看涨期权的闭型解,希望能对我国沪深300股指期权的定价具有一定的借鉴意义。     

Can limits-to-arbitrage from bounded storage improve commodity term-structure modeling?

This paper develops and estimates a two-factor competitive storage model for the purpose of pricing commodity futures. The empirical relevance of the model is evaluated for US natural gas and crude oil futures by comparing the pricing performance to reduced form models. Results suggest jump models, both reduced form and economic, improve modeling due to incorporating pricing discontinuities. Furthermore, the economic model precludes carry arbitrage, which appears relevant for pricing natural gas futures. For crude oil, the reduced form models produce superior pricing under nonstationary market conditions, and the economic model produces superior long-dated futures pricing under stationarity.     

巨灾债券的精算定价模型评析

本文从保险精算定价的角度对巨灾债券四个主要理论定价模型进行系统评析。首先讨论了一般再保险合约的Kreps精算定价模型;然后仔细分析了四个常用的巨灾债券定价的LFC模型、Wang转换模型、Christofides模型和Wang两因素模型;最后对这四种模型进行了比较分析。     

Explaining Anomalies in Australia with a Five‐factor Asset Pricing Model

This paper compares the ability of three‐factor and five‐factor asset pricing models to explain the apparent profitability of a broad selection of anomalies in Australian equity returns. Rather than examining the fit of each model to common test portfolios, our focus is on the spread return to long–short trading strategies designed around so‐called anomalies. After documenting significant spread returns to 16 anomalies (including several not previously studied in Australia), the empirical analysis provides cautious support that the recently‐proposed investment and profitability factors have a role to play. The number of anomalies that remains after risk adjustment decreases under the five‐factor model. Further, while the magnitude of reduction in alpha is modest, our testing shows that it is statistically significant in many cases. However, both three‐factor and five‐factor models repeatedly fail the Gibbons, Ross, and Shanken's (1989) (GRS) test, suggesting that the quest for a better asset pricing model is not yet complete.     

A PRICING OPERATOR-BASED TESTING FOUNDATION FOR A CLASS OF FACTOR PRICING MODELS

This paper develops a cross-market version of factor pricing models. It is shown that exact factor pricing holds across two submarkets with respect to their common factors if and only if the unique pricing operator for the first submarket is equal to that for the other submarket with probability 1. We define an APT measure as the squared distance between the two pricing operators. Then, testing whether this measure is zero is equivalent to testing exact factor pricing across the two submarkets. Since the estimation of this measure does not require parameterizing and extracting the underlying factors, one can test factor pricing models without knowing any factors. In addition, we present a randomization procedure so that one can use it to conduct a more comprehensive investigation on the empirical robustness of factor pricing models.     

Pricing Eurodollar futures options with the Ho and Lee and Black,Derman, and Toy models: An empirical comparison

This article compares empirically the Ho and Lee (1986) and Black, Derman, and Toy (1990) discrete-time debt option pricing models in the pricing of Eurodollar futures options over the period from March 1997 through February 1998 using daily data. The results indicate that both models performed well. The average absolute pricing errors over the sample period were less than one tick (0.01) in every case. The Black, Derman, and Toy model slightly outperformed the Ho and Lee model in the pricing of in-the-money call options and out-of-the-money put options over the period studied. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 19: 291–306, 1999     

Derivatives pricing with liquidity risk

This paper develops a novel, general derivative pricing model which introduces a liquidity risk factor. The model variants we outline offer a sufficient degree of flexibility so as to enable the valuation of various types of derivative classes including futures, American options, and mortgage backed security options, whereas existing derivative models can only price liquidity risk in European derivatives. We validate the model with oil and gold futures data and compare it to a classical benchmark model void of any liquidity risk. We find that our model is significantly more accurate than the classical model for pricing both oil and gold contracts.     

EQUITY CORRELATIONS IMPLIED BY INDEX OPTIONS: ESTIMATION AND MODEL UNCERTAINTY ANALYSIS

We propose a method for constructing an arbitrage‐free multiasset pricing model which is consistent with a set of observed single‐ and multiasset derivative prices. The pricing model is constructed as a random mixture of N reference models, where the distribution of mixture weights is obtained by solving a well‐posed convex optimization problem. Application of this method to equity and index options shows that, whereas multivariate diffusion models with constant correlation fail to match the prices of index and component options simultaneously, a jump‐diffusion model with a common jump component affecting all stocks enables to do so. Furthermore, we show that even within a parametric model class, there is a wide range of correlation patterns compatible with observed prices of index options. Our method allows, as a by product, to quantify this model uncertainty with no further computational effort and propose static hedging strategies for reducing the exposure of multiasset derivatives to model uncertainty.     

The performance of VIX option pricing models: Empirical evidence beyond simulation

We examine the pricing performance of VIX option models. Such models possess a wide‐range of underlying characteristics regarding the behavior of both the S&P500 index and the underlying VIX. Our tests employ three representative models for VIX options: Whaley ( 1993 ), Grunbichler and Longstaff ( 1996 ), Carr and Lee ( 2007 ), Lin and Chang ( 2009 ), who test four stochastic volatility models, as well as to previous simulation results of VIX option models. We find that no model has small pricing errors over the entire range of strike prices and times to expiration. In particular, out‐of‐the‐money VIX options are difficult to price, with Grunbichler and Longstaff's mean‐reverting model producing the smallest dollar errors in this category. Whaley's Black‐like option model produces the best results for in‐the‐money VIX options. However, the Whaley model does under/overprice out‐of‐the‐money call/put VIX options, which is opposite the behavior of stock index option pricing models. VIX options exhibit a volatility skew opposite the skew of index options. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark31:251–281, 2011     

Asset Pricing and Momentum: A South African Perspective

Both the capital asset pricing model and Fama and French’s (1993) three-factor model have consistently failed to explain momentum in stock returns, with only Carhart’s (1997) four-factor model having some success in this regard. This study examines whether an alternative three-factor model proposed by Chen, Novy-Marx, and Zhang (2011) and a five-factor model forwarded by Fama and French (2015), which both include profitability and investment as pricing factors, can explain momentum on the South African market. Consistent with international evidence, the pricing errors from these two models are lower and although these errors remain significant, the results reveal that profitability and, to a lesser extent, investment are important risk-based factors that must be considered in explaining the short-term continuation in stock returns.     

A pricing model for group-buying auction based on customers' waiting-time

Group-buying auction is a new business model in e-commerce. This auction has its own characteristics that make it distinct from other types of auctions. Customers' waiting time is an inherent attribute for group-buying auction. However, this attribute is rarely considered in the previous pricing models. Therefore, finding an appropriate pricing model for it seems to be of great importance. In this paper, with the help of game-theory concepts and according to each customer's waiting time in group-buying auction, a pricing model for a duopolistic market is proposed which takes into account both customers' and sellers' satisfaction. The pricing model shows that customers' awareness of Internet group-buying auction is so important and if it is lower than a boundary value, then the group-buying seller could not compete in the market. The model emphasizes on economies of scale as a significant factor in the success of the auction. The model also stresses the importance of gaining customers with lower product value in the group-buying auction.