中国产品内分工的区域化与全球化北大核心CSSCISSCI

本文采用全世界范围内40个经济体作为总体样本,9个东亚经济体作为东亚区域性样本,并将总体样本按照收入水平划分为四组样本,分别对其进行回归检验。结果表明,中国的零部件进口仍然具有区域性特征,零部件出口则更趋于全球化。生产者服务进口促进了中国产品内分工的全球化发展趋势。从收入等级来看,区域性特征主要表现在中国对马来西亚和泰国的零部件进口方面。生产者服务进口则大大降低了中国与该收入等级零部件贸易的区域性特征。本文分析认为,中国零部件贸易的区域分布变化源于中国的加工贸易升级以及东亚生产网络的技术结构演变。由于生产者服务贸易等方面的原因,中国对东亚生产网络的依赖程度有所降低,未来中国的产品内分工将更加趋于全球化。     

全球附加值贸易之图

本文在经济体之间双边附加值贸易额的基础上构建了附加值贸易网络指数,并绘制了全球附加值贸易网络图形。结果表明:2009年美国在全球附加值贸易中处于最核心的地位,与德国和中国共同构成了网络中心国;1995年的附加值贸易网络集中度较高,欧洲地区的附加值贸易联系紧密,当时中国在全球附加值贸易网络中相当不起眼,在亚洲的地位也不突出。在全球制造业附加值贸易网络图中,美国、德国和中国仍处于中心地位;但在双边附加值贸易中,中国主要依赖其他经济体,而美国主导其他经济体,德国的主要贸易对象是欧洲内部的国家。美国是全球服务业附加值贸易的领头羊,与德国、英国一起构成全球服务业附加值贸易网络的核心国;中国在全球服务业附加值贸易网络中的影响力相对较弱;与制造业相比,服务业附加值贸易网络密度相对较低。     

中美农产品贸易的影响因素研究——基于碳排放因素的引力模型分析

本文首先分析了中美农产品贸易现状,然后运用引力模型分析了1994-2012年碳排放对中美农产品贸易的影响情况。研究表明,碳排放在中美农产品贸易中表现为正面效应,促进了出口,但是中国和美国碳排放的影响大小不同;中国农产品出口美国很大程度上依赖美国的市场需求;中国农产品出口还是依赖于高耗能、高排放来实现,美国农产品出口已经开始在摆脱对能源的依赖;经济规模的差异和人均GDP的悬殊会造成中美农产品贸易逆差的扩大。     

中国对主要东亚经济体的贸易依存考察

从国(域)别、产品分类两层面,借助贸易份额等指标,考察中国对主要东亚经济体的贸易依存关系,发现东亚地区都是中国的传统贸易伙伴,市场(贸易)依赖较大,但依存程度总体上逐年下降,且变动趋势不对称的特征。总体上说,对亚洲新兴经济体的贸易依存关系基本稳定,对日本依存迅速下降,与东盟有较明显的制成品出口替代初级品出口的趋势。     

中国在东亚－美国贸易链中的地位分析

随着经济全球化的发展，东亚与美国的贸易往来日益密切。中国作为东亚经济体的主要一员，在东亚-美国贸易链中发挥着重要的作用，正是中国这个巨大的市场把美亚贸易链顺利地连接起来。本文分析了近几年来中国对东亚主要经济体的贸易逆差和对美国的贸易顺差情况，同时对从东亚主要经济体进口的商品结构和对美国出口的商品结构进行了分析总结，得出了中国在东亚-美国贸易链中处于中低端的位置，最后指出中国向东亚国家进行产业转移和市场转移，减少对美国市场的依赖，从而提升中国在美亚贸易链中的地位。     

中国的贸易流量与出口潜力:引力模型的研究

本文运用引力模型检验了新兴市场经济体的出口贸易流量的决定 ,从总量和部门两个层次就中国对 40个主要贸易伙伴的出口潜力进行了估算 ,结果显示中国的出口在总体上表现为“贸易过度”,但对俄罗斯、日本等七个国家或地区表现为“贸易不足”。此外 ,出口潜力的结构因素分析表明 ,与对美国 (参照国 )的出口相比 ,中国对其他经济体的出口相对不足的首要影响因素是贸易伙伴的经济规模总量 ,地理和区域贸易安排因素发挥着相对次要的作用 ,再接下来是贸易依存度和人均收入的影响 ,而进口国的贸易限制措施及与中国的贸易匹配程度等因素可以部分地解释余下的影响作用。     

中国制造业出口贸易的技术结构分布及其国际比较

借鉴Lall(2000)及OECD(2008)的方法,利用1995～2006年三位数《标准国际贸易分类》数据,本文分析了中国制造业出口贸易的技术结构分布,并与世界主要国家和地区进行了比较。研究发现:(1)从贸易统计上看,中国制造业出口的技术结构已经由低技术制造业转向了高技术制造业。(2)与日本、美国和德国等世界主要发达国家以汽车、化工和机械等中技术制成品出口为主不同,中国的出口主要集中在低技术制成品和高技术制成品,其中低技术制成品以纺织、皮革和鞋类为主,而高技术制成品则以信息和通信技术产品为主。(3)中国出口贸易的技术结构与发展中经济体更为相似,特别是向亚洲新兴工业经济体不断趋同;与发达经济体的差异虽然较大,但正迅速向其趋同。由于中国高技术产品的出口贸易主要依靠外资企业和加工贸易,中国出口贸易的技术结构分布和贸易竞争力可能被夸大了。     

国际扫描

世行：中国今年或将成全球最大经济体 中国常驻联合国工业发展组织代表处消息，世界银行日前公布的数据显示，美国正处于失去全球最大经济体地位的边缘，今年其经济规模很可能落在中国之后。如果真是这样，这一超越则要比人们普遍预期的来得更早。自1872年超越英国以来，美国一直是全球最大经济体。大多数经济学家此前预测，中国经济规模将在2019年超过美国。 国际货币基金组织（IMF）预计，2011～2014年中国经济增长了24%，而美国仅增长了7.6%，所以今年中国经济规模很可能会超过美国。     

中国在东亚地区贸易结构中的地位和作用——基于零部件贸易的研究

本文从零部件贸易的角度分析了中国在东亚贸易结构中的地位。文中计算了中国和其他东亚经济体1992～2005年的零部件贸易额,在大量事实数据的基础上得出结论:中国在东亚地区以零部件进口为主,而与区域外市场之间以最终产品出口为主。同时,随着中国经济逐渐融入到东亚地区的生产网络中,东亚地区的"三角贸易"模式发生了转变:中国成为东亚地区的出口平台,进口来自于区域内较发达经济体的中间产品零部件,进行装配加工后将最终产品销往区域外市场。     

亚太自由贸易区实现路径选择——基于亚太地区各经济体的贸易互补性和竞争性分析

文章首先通过引入显示性比较优势指数对亚太各经济体的制造业和服务业的比较优势进行测算,发现发达经济体的比较优势集中于资本和技术密集型行业,而发展中经济体则集中于资源和劳动密集型行业。然后文章采用贸易互补性指数分析亚太各经济体间贸易结构的互补性,发现除了各经济体出口与中国进口的互补性不断增强以外,各经济体出口与其他经济体进口的互补性总体都呈下降趋势。接着以中国为参考标准,利用出口相似度指数测定其他亚太经济体与中国的贸易结构竞争性,发现中国与韩国、马来西亚、菲律宾、中国台北之间的出口竞争性较强,而与文莱、智利、中国香港、柬埔寨、新西兰和俄罗斯的出口竞争性较弱。文章最后提出了中国在参与推进亚太自由贸易区建设过程中的策略选择。     

美元定价、汇率传递与美元贬值对东亚经济的冲击

本文对东亚国家和地区国际商品贸易定价货币的选择进行了考察,分析了东亚汇率传递的特征及美元贬值对东亚经济的影响与冲击,并提出中国的对策。研究发现:美元定价已成为外部冲击向东亚经济传导的重要渠道;美元定价导致美国和东亚之间只存在单向的汇率传递,从而削弱约束美元贬值的内在机制;在美元定价条件下,东亚国家在面对美元贬值对经济的刺激作用时乐观其成,但是在面对美元贬值所带来的"滞胀"冲击时却没有有效的隔离机制。     

Trade intensity and business cycle synchronization: East Asia versus Europe

This paper provides a comparative analysis of the relationship between trade intensities and synchronization of business cycles in East Asia and Europe (EU-15). It extends the work of Shin and Wang, 2004, Shin and Wang, 2005 by providing a comparative perspective between East Asia and Europe. The paper finds that intra-industry trade, rather than inter-industry trade, is the major factor in explaining business cycle co-movements in both regions. The paper also supports the hypothesis that the relationship between trade intensity and output co-movement is stronger in East Asia than in Europe. The major policy implication of this finding is that East Asia needs to further strengthen macroeconomic policy coordination within the region.     

Ties Binding Asia,Europe and the USA

We investigate changes in Asia's regional and global trade linkages and their influence on macroeconomic relationships among Asia, Europe and the USA. We first document changes in tripartite trade patterns and discuss stylized facts about East Asia's trade structure, with particular focus on the role of China. China plays a critical role in the rapidly expanding intra‐Asian trade as an assembly and production center that supplies final goods for the advanced economies. However, China's trade shares in final goods with East Asia and in parts and components with Europe and the USA are rising, suggesting that the region's production chains are becoming increasingly integrated into the global business network. Empirical results from a panel vector autoregression model generally confirm increasingly mutual macroeconomic interdependence among East Asia, Europe and the USA. The findings suggest a future role for Asia as an important trade partner and balancing power in the world economy.     

China's Belt and Road Initiative: Can Europe Expect Trade Gains?

The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) aims to improve cross‐border infrastructure to reduce transportation costs across a massive geographical area between China and Europe. We estimate how much trade might be created among Belt and Road (B&R) countries as a consequence of the reduction in transportation costs (both railway and maritime) and find that European Union countries, especially landlocked countries, will benefit considerably. This is also true for Eastern Europe and Central Asia and, to a lesser extent, South‐East Asia. In contrast, if China were to seek to establish a free trade area within the B&R region, EU member states would benefit less, while Asia would benefit more. Xi Jinping's current vision for the B&R, centered on improving transport infrastructure, is advantageous for Europe as far as trade creation is concerned.     

评建立东亚共同体日本面临的八大挑战

在全球贸易区域一体化浪潮席卷世界的时候,当今全球经济最为活跃的东亚地区在贸易自由化方面却很落后,尚未建立与欧美相匹配的自由贸易区。始终被排斥在欧美的区域集团之外的日本试图以现有的东盟为基础,建立以日本为中心的东亚共同体,保证日本在世界经济格局中重要一极的地位,同时牵制中国。民主党上台后意欲加速东亚共同体的建设。要达到该目标对日本来说面临巨大挑战。本文将从八个方面对此作深入分析研究。     

Book Reviews

Book reviewed in this articles:
Indonesia Assessment 1995: development in Eastern Indonesia Colin Barlow and Joan Hardjono (eds)
Transnational Corporations and the International Trade in Primary Commodities
Malay Farmers Respond Akimi Fujimoto
The Indonesian Economy Since 1966: Southeast Asia's emerging giant Hal Hill
Innovation in East Asia: the challenge to Japan Michael Hobday
Pacific Co-operation: building economic and security regimes in the Asia-Pacific region Andrew Mack and John Ravenhill (eds)
Labour Migration in Asia ASEAN Economic Bulletin, Special Focus, Volume 12(2) Philip L. Martin, Andrew Mason and Ching-lung Tsay (eds)
Catching Up with Asia's Tigers: Philippine trade and industrial policies Erlinda M. Medalla, Gwendolyn R. Tescon, Romeo M. Bautista, John H. Power
Survey of Impediments to Trade and Investment in the APEC region: a report by the Pacific Economic Cooperation Council for APEC
The Singapore Economy Gavin Peebles and Peter Wilson
Employment-Driven Industrial Relations Regimes: the Singapore experience Chew Soon Beng and Rosalind Chew
Nobel Economists: lives and contributions K. Puttaswamaiah
Financial Reform in China On Kit Tam (ed.)
AFTA in the Changing International Economy Joseph L. H. Tan (ed.)
Trading Partners: Australia and Asia 1790–1993 Sandra Tweedie
Fiscal Management and Economic Reform in the People's Republic of China Christine P. W. Wong, Christopher Heady, and Wing T. Woo
Financial Sector Development in Asia Shahid N. Zahid (ed.)     

东亚经济周期协动的研究

本文认为,东亚经济周期的波动较大,周期的同步性和协动性较低,并且低于欧盟的协动程度。而且从东亚的次区域进行考察,东亚并不存在明显的几个同步的经济周期的次区域,只是东盟之间存在经济周期的长期协整关系和短期的调整机制。因此,从最优货币区理论的经济周期一体化标准看,东亚组成货币联盟的成本较高。     

Intra-African trade

Review of World Economics - The intra-continental trade share in Africa is only 12%, compared to 47% in North America, 53% in Asia, and 69% in Europe. This paper shows that the lack of...     

The effect of the New Silk Road railways on aggregate trade volumes between China and Europe

‘One Belt One Road’ is an extensive and complex initiative whose potential effect and influence are still currently pending for answers. This paper addresses the following research question: What is the effect of the New Silk Road intercontinental railways on the trade between China and its trading partners in Central Asia and Europe? We focus on nine railway lines connecting Europe and China, which started operations between 2011 and 2015. The countries’ trade patterns with railway connections to China are then compared to the countries without railway connections to China. We find the intercontinental railways have a positive effect on China’s exports to its trading partners in Central Asia and Europe, especially concerning exports of manufactured goods, machinery and transport equipment and miscellaneous manufactured articles. Moreover, the intercontinental railways have a positive effect on China’s imports of food and live animals from its trading partners.     

The limits of globalization in the early modern world

This article reviews the ways in which historians and economists have applied the term ‘globalization’ to the early modern era. It distinguishes a soft and a hard definition, and goes on to test the claims made about the driving forces shaping the growth and character of long‐distance trade between Europe and Asia in the age of the European trading companies. On the basis of new estimates of the volume and value of European trade with Asia, the article concludes by identifying the factors limiting the growth of trade in this period.