浅谈期权在中国的发展

随着经济的发展,金融衍生品越来越多。期权是金融衍生品的一种,在金融衍生品中占有重要的位置。期权是西方经济的产物,典型的"公司请客,市场买单",而中国更加习惯用分红激励员工。然而随着中国资本市场的发展,期权开始活跃在中国市场。期权的特点,决定了期权在国外的发展历史。通过搜集国内期权市场发展相关数据,分析期权市场的发展,研究期权在中国市场的优势和劣势,展望期权在中国的发展前景。     

沪深300股指期权合约设计探讨——以韩国等成熟市场为例

股指期权自诞生以来便发展迅速,交易量现已跃居世界衍生品市场首位。选取韩国Kospi200股指期权合约、印度S&P CNX Nifty股指期权合约、欧洲Euro Stoxx 50股指期权合约、美国S&P 500股指期权合约、台湾Taiex股指期权合约为案例研究对象,就其合约条款设计予以介绍及总结,试图探讨出一个成功完整的股指期权合约范式,并将其与中国沪深300股指期权交易合约进行对比,进而论证中国合约的合理性及可完善性。     

以中国个人外汇期权产品为指导推出股指期权的分析

股指期权作为西方成熟的一种金融工具,其对经济的促进作用不得不引起我们的关注。08年以来,股市震荡强烈,投资风险加剧,对于可以有效规避风险的金融衍生品的需求日益增大。经过金融市场数年的发展,适时推出我国股指期权交易,条件已基本具备。因此,研究开发股指期权不仅是紧跟时代发展的需要,同时也是中国金融衍生品市场发展的内在需要。由于外汇市场开放较早,一些个人外汇期权产品业已推出,其中的宝贵经验,值得我们借鉴。本文以中国银行的两种外汇期权为例,阐明外汇期权工具的运行机制,并就其可以对股指期权的运作提供的借鉴进行讨论。     

以中国个人外汇期权产品为指导推出股指期权的分析

股指期权作为西方成熟的一种金融工具,其对经济的促进作用不得不引起我们的关注.08年以来,股市震荡强烈,投资风险加剧,对于可以有效规避风险的金融衍生品的需求日益增大.经过金融市场数年的发展,适时推出我国股指期权交易,条件已基本具备.因此,研究开发股指期权不仅是紧跟时代发展的需要,同时也是中国金融衍生品市场发展的内在需要.由于外汇市场开放较早,一些个人外汇期权产品业已推出,其中的宝贵经验,值得我们借鉴.本文以中国银行的两种外汇期权为例,阐明外汇期权工具的运行机制,并就其可以对股指期权的运作提供的借鉴进行讨论.     

美国政府补贴期权经验谈

自20世纪70年代美国芝加哥期权交易所成立并上市交易标准化期权合约以来,期权市场不断壮大。2000年,全球期权交易量首次超过期货交易量,这一发展势头一直延续至今。2007年,全球期权交易量达82亿张,是期货交易量70亿张的1.2倍。期权交易已经成为衍生品市场的主要避险工具。国际上,期权服务于农民的案例很多,其中美国的政府补贴期权试点项目最具借鉴意义。     

浅析中国个股期权的组合策略

本文以期权组合策略为研究对象,分析了其在中国个股市场的应用基础,分别介绍了跨式以及熊市和牛市期权的特点和收益,以及在未来交易过程中可能非系统性风险。     

中国企业股票期权行权期限问题研究

行权期限作为股票期权激励机制的基本要素之一,是影响股票期权激励机制发挥作用的关键。股票期权行权期限在中国实际应用中存在法律法规不规范,证券市场不健全,职业经理人市场不完善及公司治理结构、生命周期不成熟等问题。因此,应加大研究力度,提高调研人员素质,规范法律法规,完善公司治理结构,建立健全市场体系,以实现合理的股票期权行权期限确定机制。     

我国高科技上市公司实施股票期权激励机制的实证分析

对部分国有上市公司的高层管理人员实施股票期权与货币分配相结合的分配制度改革,是十五届四中全会提出的国企改革新措施之一。笔者认为股票期权激励与资本市场发展对接成功在很大程度上依赖于国有企业内部治理结构的完善,本文以高科技国有上市企业为例,论证了当前完善公司内部治理、实施股票期权激励机制应注意的几方面问题。     

期权博弈的分类及其在不完全信息下的均衡策略研究

期权博弈的分类与均衡策略研究是进行期权博弈模型研究,为企业在不同的竞争性投资实践中提供科学决策的基础与根本。首先从实物期权的种类和竞争特性出发对期权博弈进行了分类与界定。然后,在不完全信息条件下,重点研究了占优型实物期权博弈均衡策略。无论是在高成本或低成本类型下,占优型企业均会以低成本的身份选择最佳投资时机和最佳垄断产量进入市场生产、成为市场的领导者;在观察到领导者行动策略的基础上,追随者按实物期权方法的投资决策基本规则确定其进入市场的最佳投资时机;随后,领导者与追随者按照精炼贝耶斯纳什均衡产量进行生产,共同获得市场均衡收益。     

创业期权及其管理价值

创业企业兼有实物期权与金融期权的双重特征，仅仅单一研究实物期权或金融期权不足以认识创业企业所具有的期权性质及其管理价值。本文从创业期权的特性与管理价值着手，探讨创业实物期权与金融期权的关系，指出以期权思维指导创业企业投资决策及证券设计的管理价值，进而通过案例说明如何使用创业期权以最大化创业价值。     

Impacts of derivative markets on spot market volatility and their persistence

In this article, we investigate the impacts of futures and options markets on the volatility of the underlying market. Unlike earlier studies, the focus is on their persistence over time. Tests on the Hang Seng index yield several interesting results that often contrast with previous findings. Empirical results suggest that the quality of new information generated by derivative trading determines the impacts on the spot market volatility. The futures market provides new, material information reducing spot market volatility. The Options market, on the other hand, generates noisy information and distorts price, which is followed by an increase in volatility and a decrease in its sensitivity to price change. While the impact of futures persists, that of options mostly disappears as the market matures. Our conjecture is that the futures market is mainly driven by informed, experienced participants, while the options market attracts new, inexperienced investors.     

论巨灾期权及其演进

巨灾期权是以巨灾损失指数为基础而设计的期权合同,是保险公司通过在期权市场上缴纳一定期权费以购买在未来一段时间内的一种价格选择权。本文旨在对巨灾期权及其演进进行系统考察,以期对其有更为全面的认识。本文回顾了巨灾期权的市场发展;分析了ISO,PCS,GCCI和CHI四种指数为基础的巨灾期权产品和运作原理,考察了这四种巨灾指数及其产品的演进。     

资本预算中采用实物期权方法的若干问题探讨

投资决策可以根据市场变化进行调整即表现出投资具有柔性的特点,实物期权的投资决策方法可以较好地体现投资柔性所具有的价值。本文研究了实物期权投资决策方法(Real-OptionsApproach,ROA)的具体运用,并提出在我国使用、推广所面临的问题和若干对策性建议。     

Currency Options and Export-Flexible Firms

This paper examines the production and hedging decisions of a globally competitive firm under exchange rate uncertainty. The firm is risk averse and possesses export flexibility in that it can distribute its output to either the domestic market or a foreign market after observing the realized spot exchange rate. To hedge against its exchange rate risk exposure, the firm can trade fairly priced currency call options of an arbitrary strike price. We show that both the separation and the full‐hedging results hold if the strike price of the currency call options is set equal to the ratio of the domestic and foreign selling prices. Otherwise, neither result holds. Specifically, we show that the optimal level of output is always less than that of an otherwise identical firm that is risk neutral. Furthermore, an under‐hedge (over‐hedge) is optimal whenever the strike price of the currency call options is below (above) the ratio of the domestic and foreign selling prices.     

Intraday hedging with financial options: the case of electricity

As market intermediaries, electricity suppliers purchase electricity from the wholesale market or self-generate to deliver their customers. However, electricity suppliers are uncertain about how much electricity their residential customers will use at any hour of the day until they actually turn switches on. While demand uncertainty is a common feature of all commodity markets, suppliers generally rely on storage to manage it. Singularly, electricity suppliers are exposed to joint volumetric and price risk on an hourly basis given the physical attributes of electricity. In the literature on electricity markets, few articles compare the efficiency of forward contracts, options and physical assets (i.e. power plants) within intraday hourly hedging portfolios, whereas electricity markets are precisely hourly markets. We analyse portfolios made of forwards, options and/or power plants for specific hourly clusters (9 am, 12 pm, 18 pm, 9 pm) based on electricity market data from 2013 to 2015 from the integrated German–Austrian spot market. Through a VaR model, we prove that intraday hedging with forwards is structurally inefficient compared to financial options and physical assets, no matter the cluster hour. Moreover, our results demonstrate the contribution of ‘out of the money’ options for all hours within volatile spot markets.     

基于动态模式的实物期权管理研究

组织面临的市场变幻莫测、组织的战略重点发生转移,各种不确定因素对实物期权的影响加重,组织的投资决策就会受到影响。本文通过影响实物期权管理的几种因素进行分析,建立动态的实物期权管理系统,通过各个系统的协同模型,运用灰色系统理论,实现动态的实物期权管理。     

Option moneyness and price disagreements

This article investigates price disagreements between actual and options-implied futures prices by considering option moneyness. Out-of-the-money (OTM) options trading induces price disagreements more frequently than at-the-money (ATM) options trading. Examining price adjustments to eliminate disagreements, we find that the futures (options) market tends to move less (more) for OTM option disagreements than ATM option disagreements, suggesting that the price dynamics of OTM options are less informative and noisier than that of ATM options.     

实物期权方法在房地产投资项目评估中的运用

随着我国房地产市场的不断发展与壮大,房地产类投资项目评估作为为企业带来利润、推动房地产市场发展的一项重要工作,越来越受到投资人士的重视.在房地产类投资项目的评估过程中,房地产类项目投资的不可逆、可延迟等特性使得传统的净现值法出现了自身难以克服的缺陷,而实物期权在评估过程中的运用能够使项目评估更加全面、充分、科学.     

无形资产价值评估中的实物期权方法

无形资产是企业资产的重要组成部分，它在一定程度上代表着企业的竞争实力。无形资产的价值评估是无形资产转让过程中的核心问题，现行无形资产价值评估方法大多仅考虑无形资产的重置成本现值和未来收益现值，而忽视未来投资时机的最优选择问题。实物期权方法是对传统的无形资产价值评估方法的有益补充和完善。本文介绍了典型的实物期权模型以及运用实物期权进行无形资产价值评估的方法，分析了这些方法的利弊。在此基础上给出了一种简便的运用实物期权理论进行无形资产价值评估的方法，期望能为无形资产价值评估提供一种新的思路和方法。     

Do Aussie markets smile? Implied volatility functions and determinants

If options are correctly priced, the interpretation of volatility in the Black–Scholes model (as identifying the volatility of the underlying asset) is violated. The empirical relation between the model ‘implied volatility’ and the degree to which the option is in-the-money (moneyness) has been reported as resembling a U-shape (or ‘smile’) for options on currencies (and more of a ‘smirk’ for options on equities). In this article, using multivariate time-series analysis and employing an impulse response function, we investigate the structural relationships and dynamics of the volatility smile in relation to the option liquidity, key features of the underlying asset and market momentum. Our findings confirm evidence of a number of biases in the Black–Scholes model consistent with Chou et al. (2011) in regard to liquidity in both the underlying and the option itself, and with Peña et al. (1999) as to the importance of the option time to maturity. As well as delineating such biases as they co-relate both with each other and with the underlying asset volatility and momentum, we find that the pronounced smile is related to the differential sensitivities of in-the-money and out-of-the-money options, which itself suggests an explanation for the characteristic smile shape.