试论新体制下的金融执法审计工作

加强金融执法审计是人民银行履行金融监管职责的客观需要。审计对象具有一定特殊性。审计基础信息具有相对的不确定性。寻求有效的审计技术方法运用在实际工作中已成为当务之急。推行参与审计方式 ,开展金融执法绩效审计应成为金融执法审计的主要发展方向     

金融电子化对金融审计的影响及对策

金融电子化与传统的金融审计之间存在着很多矛盾。传统审计技术和方法的失效使审计人员面临更多的审计风险，新业务的发展使金融审计的时效性难以体现，现场审计难度加大。解决这一矛盾的关键是金融审计的创新发展，进而取得深化审计目的、细化审计任务等效果。     

注册会计师执行商业银行审计应注意的问题

2000年11月中国人民银行总行、财务部公布了首批具有金融审计业务资格的会计师事务所名单，最近又批准国际“五大”会计师事务所来华执行金融审计业务，在国内外引起了强烈反响。此举标志着我国开始按照国际惯例在银行业中引入注册会计师审计制度，这对加强我国的金融监管力度，维护金融秩序，防范和化解金融风险具有十分重要的意义，由于金融审计业务是一个全新的审计领域，国内多数注册会计师都不很熟悉，笔者试结合浙江万邦会计师事务所（系浙江省最早开展金融审计业务的事务所，每年完成的金融审计业务量居全国之冠）的审计实践，谈谈注册会计师在执行商业银行审计业务时应特别注意的一些问题，供同行参考。     

金融审计：金融监管的“第三只眼”

完善金融监管体系．加强和改进金融监管．是当前我国金融工作的重心之一，而作为金融监管“第三只眼”的金融审计．着重于对金融监管机构进行再监督．发挥出了越来越重要的作用，从本期起，我们将与读者一同走进金融审计，金融审计开设“审计之窗．审计看金融．审计案例”等栏目．及时报道金融审计领域的发展动态．金融审计的技术方法．金融审计人员对金融发展的建议．追踪金融审计案例．解读金融大要案背后的故事。     

论金融内部审计风险及其防范

金融体制改革的深化、金融创新的发展和对外金融的进一步开放，加上当前金融机构普遍存在的违规违纪现象和屡有发生的大案要案，使得金融机构内部审计的重要性日益凸现，内部审计的要求也越来越高。但是，由于环境、体制、技术、人员素质等多种原因，内部审计风险也越来越大、越来越复杂。因此，研究金融机构内部审计风险的类型、成因以及如何采取积极有效措施降低内部审计风险是摆在金融机构内部审计人员面前的一个现实课题。本文根据内部审计准则和职能，结合中国银行业的内审状况，重点讨论金融机构内部审计风险的成因及其防范。     

金融监管与金融审计:基于不同审计体制的比较研究

在审计领域,金融审计不同于一般的审计,是因为金融企业本身的业务特征所决定。而由于金融企业的特殊的组织和复杂的业务以及不可避免的舞弊行为使金融监管的范围和方法不断变化。金融审计开展的业务类型也随着国家政治制度、法律体系、审计的隶属关系等因素的变化而变化。金融监管和金融审计在机构设置上,有某种程度的重复设置之嫌。因此,本文将阐述美德中三国的金融机关与金融审计的各自内容并进行适当比较,以期捋清金融监管和金融审计之间的关系。     

金融监管与金融审计:基于不同审计体制的比较研究

在审计领域,金融审计不同于一般的审计,是因为金融企业本身的业务特征所决定。而由于金融企业的特殊的组织和复杂的业务以及不可避免的舞弊行为使金融监管的范围和方法不断变化。金融审计开展的业务类型也随着国家政治制度、法律体系、审计的隶属关系等因素的变化而变化。金融监管和金融审计在机构设置上,有某种程度的重复设置之嫌。因此,本文将阐述美德中三国的金融机关与金融审计的各自内容并进行适当比较,以期捋清金融监管和金融审计之间的关系。     

开展内部控制审计的相关问题研究

国营经济的发展、民营经济的健康发展都需要内部控制审计的发展；从内部环境来分析，内部控制的建设就成为关键，需要政府从宏观方面进行指导和企业自身的不断努力。开展内部控制审计的对策应是：审计参与内部控制建设，对不同的审计主体的不同职责加以确定；中注协作为管理社会审计的民间组织应当发挥其应有的作用；审计署与中注协作为制订规则的外部力量，对推动内部控制审计的开展与发展应起到其重要作用；内部审计部门应把重点放在帮助企业建立内部控制机制上；企业内部控制制度是个动态工程，在不同时期应当改变审计部门的工作重点。     

金融审计如何适应知识经济与金融创新的发展

随着知识经济和金融创新的发展，金融审计的重点要必须转变，审计目标也必须调整。为此，必须实施审计创新工程，发展面向知识经济的合理审计。     

地方审计机关开展金融审计的要点

现阶段国有各大商业银行、保险公司和证券公司等的审计权在审计署,各地审计局无权自行安排审计计划;地方金融机构的数量也不多,地方金融审计有逐渐萎缩的态势。本文对现阶段地方审计机关如何开展金融审计提出了几点想法。     

Almanac of anticipations: The age of affluence—of anticipation—of anxiety—of automation—of discontinuity—of longing—of overkill—of space exploration

With this survey of developments in the futures field since 1945, I.F. Clarke completes his present series for Futures. He makes two major points: that forecasting techniques have become essential tools in the management of change; and that nuclear weapons and ecological problems have added a moral dimension to the study of the future. In the next issue of Futures he will start a new series on the range of future-thinking in the USA, from the expectations of the first settlers to the Star Wars programme.     

社会主义所有制形式的改革、完善与共产党执政能力的提高

在中国,所有制形式的调整、改革与完善,先进生产力的发展,党的执政能力建设,是社会主义建设过程中密切结合在一起的三个不同层面的发展关系.应在相互促进和共同提高中促进社会的和谐发展,保证社会主义现代化建设战略目标的顺利实现.     

基金公司经营融资融券业务的问题审视

融资融券业务正式运营已经开展,为证券市场带来了革命性的改革,作为证券市场的一大主体,基金公司面对融资融券也迎来了新的发展方向和挑战,本文从融资融券业务的运行机制入手,分析了基金公司融资融券的新契机,并对其即将面临的问题进行审视和剖析,进而提出策略建议.     

对基层人民银行科技工作的几点建议

银监会分设后,人民银行将专司货币政策、金融稳定、金融服务三大职能。作为人民银行的分支机构,基层人民银行的工作重心也将从金融监管调整到这三大职能上来。人民银行的科技部门,就要积极运用科技手段,为人民银行履行新的职能发挥“服务、支持、促进、发展”的作用。一、围绕三大职能搭建五大平台经过“六五打基础、七五作准备、八五大发展”几个阶段后,人民银行相继实现了核算电算化、清算网络化和办公信息化。特别是近一两年来,陆续开通了大额支付系统、信贷登记咨询系统、会计四集中系统、金融信息服务网站等系统,人民银行信息化水平又…     

Properties of time-series estimates of degree of leverage measures

Empirical studies suggest that time-series regression estimates of the degrees of operating and financial leverage have a tendency to produce measures less than one. According to ex ante theory, these measures should be greater than one for firms operating above the breakeven point. There have also been suggestions that the biases in these estimates may be attributable to an underlying increase in unit sales. This work presents evidence that these counter-intuitive measures are produced by changes in the firm's operating parameters (unit price, variable cost, fixed cost and interest payments). It further suggests that attempts to control for the underlying change in unit sales substantially increase the volatility of predicted estimates.     

浅议金融机构的举证责任

金融纠纷案件是当事人以存单或进账单、对账单、存款合同、保险单、票据、证券等凭证为主要证据向人民法院提出诉讼的案件,对于不同种类金融纠纷的当事人的举证责任,我国现行的金融法律、法规及司法解释有不同的规定。由于金融机构的特殊法律地位,发生金融纠纷时存在有关当事人将最后偿付风险转移给金融机构承担的主观故意,在客观上会使金融机构难以提供相应的证据来对抗不法债权人的诉讼请求,而导致金融机构败诉。为此,对金融诉讼案件中金融机构的举证责任加以研究具有重要的实践意义。     

Summary of Results of Survey of Seminar Attendees

Abstract

The Society of Actuaries undertook a three-phase research project on mortality improvement in the three NAFTA countries: Canada, Mexico, and the U.S. Phase 1 consisted of a literature review of papers on projecting mortality levels in the future and a study of the trend in mortality improvement during this century. Phase 2 consisted of a discussion of different facets of modeling mortality rates at a seminar attended by 79 experts (actuaries, demographers, economists, and medical researchers) representing different countries. The last session of the seminar consisted of the completion of a survey by the attendees to obtain input for Phase 3, which would analyze the impact of mortality improvement on the social security system of each country. This paper summarizes the results of the survey.

The survey results illustrate the difficulty in forecasting mortality levels, because the effects of many factors that could have significant impact on mortality rates are unknown. This suggests the need for dynamic forecasting, which allows for the possibility of random shocks. A majority of the survey respondents believe that stochastic forecasting models, despite their complexity, have significant potential to add value. Respondents also believe that both historical data and cause-specific mortality forecasts are useful as input and also in validating forecasts of the aggregate levels of mortality. The challenge is to develop more sophisticated forecasting models to produce results that are relatively easy to interpret and to communicate these results to the desired audiences, including the public and policymakers.

The survey results suggest that the aggregate effect of lifestyle changes, medical advances, diseases, catastrophe, and physical environmental changes is an increase in life span. However, there is much uncertainty about the future. Respondents expect that beyond the year 2020 the mean annual rate of reduction in mortality for males age 65 and over will average about 0.58% for Canada, 0.76% for Mexico, and 0.67% for the U.S. The results for the female age 65 and over population are 0.64%, 0.83%, and 0.70%, respectively. The age 65 and over population is expected to see larger percentage reductions in mortality than the 0–14 and 15–64 populations. The reductions in male and female mortality will be ultimately the same, and the mortality levels in the three countries will ultimately converge, although differences may persist for decades.     

The Usefulness of Measures of Consistency of Discretionary Components of Accruals in the Detection of Earnings Management

Abstract:  Prior research has shown the prevalence of measurement error in models used to estimate aggregate discretionary accruals. In these models, the incremental information content of the various components of accruals is ignored. Limited prior research and data gathered from firms under Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) litigation indicate that managers use either one or more than one component of accruals simultaneously, in a consistent way to manipulate bottom-line earnings in a given direction. I propose two measures that capture the consistency between the discretionary components of accruals and test their significance in earnings management (EM) detection in firms that have artificially added accrual manipulation and firms that were targeted by the SEC for accrual manipulation. There is evidence that this information is incrementally useful in detecting EM. This finding paves the way for improvements in the discretionary accruals measure by including consistency information from the components of aggregate accruals.     

银行软件项目外包管理分析

一、引言随着国民经济的不断发展,银行业务与外部企业的联系越来越密切。银行正逐步成为现代经济活动的中心,作为数据处理核心的银行业务应用也越来越大型化、越来越复杂化,因此许多银行也把软件项目逐步由原来的自主开发转变为与公司合作的方式,或直接外包开发的方式,银行本身的技术人员也逐步由开发转向项目管理。二、项目外包的分类银行项目的外包有以下几种情况:①部分子系统外包,有时由于银行的软件项目太大,单靠银行自身的开发力量基本无法在预定的时间内完成项目,只好把相对独立的部分外包;②直接购买软件公司的成熟产品,有些金融软…