股指期货合约的构成

股票价格指数期货合约是以股价指数为交易标的，买卖双方根据事先约定，在特定时间以约定价格进行股价指数交易的一种标准化协议。股价指数期货合约的结构包括标的指数、交易单位、最小变动价位、每日价格波动限制、结算价确定等内容。     

浅析无风险利率对股指期货合约价格波动抑制

在发达的股票现货市场,对股票价格的预期可以引起股指期货合约价格的变化。但是通过对股指期货持仓成本模型的分析,我们发现无风险利率在理论上对股指期货合约的价格也会施以影响。从对由持仓成本模型结合无风险套利原理推导出的股指期货合约价格模型分析,指出无风险利率与股指期货合约价格的关系,借助于对无风险利率的控制从而减弱因股票现货市场价格波动而使期货市场股指期货合约价格的波动效应。     

限制交易政策如何影响期现关系?——对股指期货价格发现功能的实证检验

本文利用2015年中国股市大幅下跌期间,对股指期货严格限制交易政策这一独特事件前后的高频数据,研究限制交易政策对股指期货与股票市场价格引导关系的影响。利用I-S模型和分位数回归方法的实证结果表明:限制交易政策实施前,股指期货对股票市场的价格影响更强,尤其表现在价格急剧下跌时期;限制交易政策显著增加了期货市场交易成本,从而降低了期货市场的信息份额,削弱了其对股票市场的价格影响,并且改变了期货价格对现货价格“助跌强于助涨”的影响模式,增强了股指期货在价格上涨时对股票市场的影响。研究结果一方面直接量化了期货交易成本变动对其价格发现功能的负面影响,另一方面也从价格引导关系的视角提供了股市危机时期股指期货限制交易政策监管效果的实证证据。     

海外股价指数期货合约的比较与分析

世界各国和地区的股价指数期货合约的设计不尽相同、各有特点,从股价指数期货标的指数、合约乘数、最小价格波动单位、合约最后结算价等几个方面进行比较和分析,对我国股价指数期货的发展大有裨益。本文主要从股价指数期货合约乘数、最小价格波动单位和最后结算价等方面比较了海外股价指数期货合约设计,同时对海外股指期货合约的设计进行了分析。     

期货市场投资者行为与价格波动关系研究

通过从上海期货交易所获取数据,使用向量自回归检验了两种类型投资者的行为和价格波动性之间的关系.实证检验结果表明:(1)不同期货品种市场上的投机行为都会加剧价格波动性,而不同价格波动率度量方法下,套期保值行为对价格波动所产生的Granger显著影响只出现在某些期货品种市场上;(2)市场价格波动对套期保值行为没有显著的影响,而市场价格波动对投机者行为的影响则随着波动率的度量方法不同而不同.研究结论对于指导我国期货市场改善投资者结构、促进期货市场发展具有积极的意义.     

螺纹钢的季节性波动及展望

本义第一部分从螺纹钢现货、期货的月度涨跌幅及收益率着眼，探讨了螺纹钢期货的价格走势跟随房地产建设周期呈现的季节性波动的规律；     

股指期货、股市波动性与价格引导——基于沪深300数据的研究

2010年4月16日,股指期货在国内正式上市交易,至今为止,我国股指期货上市已有三年的时间,股指期货对股票市场波动性的影响如何,股指期货与现货的价格引导作用怎样？本文借助TARCH模型以及VAR脉冲响应模型,探究了沪深300股指期货对股市波动性的影响,并且对于股指期货与现货互相之间的价格引导作用进行了研究分析,结果表明：股指期货的上市减弱了股市对于信息的非对称反应程度;股指期货价格的波动对于现货价格的影响大于现货价格波动对于股指期货价格的影响。     

黄金期货市场保证金要求的研究

本文主要探讨黄金期货合同的保证金要求是如何确立,以及保证金要求的改变会如何影响黄金期货市场。通过分析2009年1月到2014年12月黄金期货合同的相关数据,发现对保证金要求影响最大的因素是对应的黄金期货合同的价格波动幅度。此外,保证金要求的改变对黄金期货合同的交易量和价格波动率几乎没有影响。对不同到期日的黄金期货合同,到期时间越长的合同价格更容易受到保证金要求变化的影响。另外,保证金要求的改变对黄金期货投机者的影响要大于套期保值者。     

三足立，鼎象何以成

世纪70年代，西方各国受石油危机影响，经济发展十分不稳定，利率波动剧烈，导致股票市场价格大幅波动，股票投资者迫切需要一种能够有效规避风险、实现资产保值的金融工具，股指期货应运而生。     

我国应尽快推出生猪期货品种

近期证监会有关负责人再一次强调要稳步推出大宗商品期货新品种,本文提议:尽快推出生猪期货品种.生猪价格的频繁波动一直是困扰我国生猪市场的重大问题.我国生猪现货市场中的价格异常波动已经引发了从生产者到加工商、流通商等市场主体对价格风险规避或者分散价格风险的客观需要.缓解生猪价格波动的措施有多种,既可以采用政府宏观调控解决,也可以采用市场化的手段来解决,但从经济学的角度看,市场化手段较政府干预更有利于实现帕累托最优和社会福利最大化.市场化的一个重要手段就是尽快推出生猪期货,各界对推出生猪期货的呼声较高.本文着重讨论我国在开发生猪期货品种方面的客观需求,以及生猪期货推出的重要意义,还谈到我国在开设生猪期货品种中可能遇到的困难,并提出了几点解决方案.     

The Lead‐Lag Relationship Between Cash and Stock Index Futures in a New Market

This paper investigates the lead‐lag relationship in daily returns and volatilities between price movements of the FTSE/ATHEX‐20 and FTSE/ATHEX Mid‐40 stock index futures and the underlying cash indices in the relatively new futures market of Greece. Empirical results show that there is a bi‐directional relationship between cash and futures prices. However, futures lead the cash index returns, by responding more rapidly to economic events than stock prices. This speed is much higher in the more liquid FTSE/ATHEX‐20 market. Moreover, results indicate that futures volatilities spill information over to the corresponding cash market volatilities in both investigated futures markets, but volatilities in the cash markets have no effect on the volatilities of futures markets. Overall, it seems that new market information is disseminated faster in the futures market compared to the stock market. This implies that the futures markets can be used as price discovery vehicles, providing further evidence that derivatives markets contribute to completing and stabilising capital markets in Greece. A further finding of this study is that futures volume and disequilibrium effects between cash and futures prices are important variables in the explanation of volatilities in cash and futures markets.     

Difference Systems in Financial Futures Markets

Many financial futures markets allow substitutions for the par grade of security at delivery. Substitutes are deliverable at premiums or discounts—“differences” in commodities parlance—to the futures price. The rule that establishes these differences is called a difference system. This paper characterizes financial futures market equilibrium with yield-based difference systems and investigates particular systems in use. The major finding is that currently used difference systems effectively limit deliverable supply in the futures markets and lead to futures prices which understate the cash market price of the par security.     

The equilibrium price of futures contracts: A result drawn from capital asset pricing model

A recent study shows that separation theorems in the stock and forward market literatures may not hold in an integrated financial market; therefore, the securities market may influence futures trading. This article investigates the securities market influence on the futures price. The result shows that although the futures price incorporates the investor's expectation about the future spot price, it generally is not a best estimate of the spot price. In addition, it is shown that the speculative activity can destabilize the cash market for some commodities, if initially, the underlying cash price is highly volatile.     

Futures Manipulation with “Cash Settlement”

This paper investigates the susceptibility of futures markets to price manipulation in a two-period model with asymmetric information and “cash settlement” futures contracts. Without “physical delivery,” strategies based on “corners” or “squeezes” are infeasible. However, uninformed investors still earn positive expected profits by establishing a futures position and then trading in the spot market to manipulate the spot price used to compute the cash settlement at delivery. We also show that as the number of manipulators grows, profits from manipulation fall to zero. However, even in the limit, manipulation still has a nontrivial impact on market liquidity. More broadly, we interpret manipulation as a form of endogenous “noise trading” which can arise in multiperiod security markets.     

Futures Trading Activity and Commodity Cash Price Volatility

Abstract:   This paper examines the lead‐lag relationship between futures trading activity (volume and open interest) and cash price volatility for major agricultural commodities. Granger causality tests and generalized forecast error variance decompositions show that an unexpected increase in futures trading volume unidirectionally causes an increase in cash price volatility for most commodities. Likewise, there is a weak causal feedback between open interest and cash price volatility. These findings are generally consistent with the destabilizing effect of futures trading on agricultural commodity markets.     

沪深300股指期货与现货市场的非线性信息溢出与价格发现功能研究

采用线性与非线性Granger因果检验、协整检验和VECM模型,研究了沪深300股指期货和现货市场的线性与非线性信息溢出,并检验了期货市场的价格发现功能发挥情况。研究结果显示:线性信息溢出方面,沪深300股指期货市场对现货市场只有线性均值信息溢出,现货市场对期货市场只存在线性方差信息溢出;非线性信息溢出方面,两个市场之间不存在非线性均值信息溢出,不过二者之间存在显著的非线性方差信息溢出;沪深300股指期、现货市场之间存在着长期均衡的关系,不过不同于成熟市场中期货市场在价格发现方面居于主导地位的结论,我国股指现货市场在价格发现方面占主导地位,而期货市场处于从属地位。     

Using high, low, open, and closing prices to estimate the effects of cash settlement on futures prices

Due to dwindling commercial interest in the feeder cattle futures contract, the Chicago Mercantile Exchange (CME) decided to replace the contract's physical delivery provision with a cash settlement provision, arguing that cash settlement would help reduce price volatility and attracts more commercial interests. In this article, we apply stochastic volatility models to investigate the CME conjecture, using four different estimators based on opening, high, low, and closing prices, respectively. With each estimator, we find that the volatility of the feeder cattle futures price decreases after the implementation of cash settlement. We conclude that the change in the contract specification enhances price discovery and the contract's hedging performance.     

INTRADAY MARKET BEHAVIOR AND THE EXTENT OF FEEDBACK BETWEEN S&P 500 FUTURES PRICES AND THE S&P 500 INDEX

In this study we empirically examine the intraday lead/lag relation between S&P 500 futures prices and the S&P 500 index, and whether daily market characteristics are associated with changes in the relation. We estimate daily Geweke measures of feedback and regress time series of these measures on daily price volatility and volume characteristics. Results indicate that the contemporaneous price relation is substantive and that measures of contemporaneous feedback are positively associated with the daily range of the futures price. The primary implication is that the relation between cash and futures prices becomes stronger as futures price volatility increases. As volatility increases, information is being impounded at a faster rate so that futures and equity markets operate more closely as one market. Large futures price moves, by themselves, are not responsible for breakdowns in the stock-futures price relation.     

On the Optimal Hedge of a Nontraded Cash Position

In this paper, we focus on the optimal demand for futures contracts by an investor with a logarithmic utility function who attempts to hedge a nontraded cash position. When the analysis is conducted in the “cash-commodity-price” space, we show that the value function associated with the Bernoulli investor program is not additively separable, thus suggesting that this investor hedges against shifts in the opportunity set as represented by the commodity price. By establishing the equivalence between the cash formulation of the problem and the wealth formulation, we are able to analyze the problem in the “wealth-commodity-price” space. In this space, we show the additive separability of the value function when the futures settlement price process is perfectly locally correlated with the commodity price process. The demand for futures in this instance is composed of (a) a mean-variance term and (b) a minimum-variance component that is a classic feature of models with nontraded assets. Since the first-best (nonmyopic) optimum is attained, however, the deviation from a mean-variance demand should not be interpreted as the expression of a nonmyopic behavior but rather as an attempt to restore a first-best optimum. On the other hand, when the correlation between the futures price and the underlying commodity price is imperfect, in general, the value function does not separate additively, the first-best solution cannot be attained, and the optimal futures trading strategy involves a hedging term against shifts in the opportunity set.     

Information transmission and causality in the Italian Treasury bond market

We examine causality and efficiency in the Italian T-bond market, where cash trades take place on the domestic Mercato Telematico dei Titoli di Stato, while futures trading is based on the London International Financial Futures Exchange. We find evidence that causality in prices runs in both directions, and that the cash lead is almost comparable in size and extension to the futures lead. We then try to assess whether the cash market is weak-form efficient with respect to LIFFE prices. Using a simple trading rule with a variety of time and price filters, we conclude that the observed lead cannot be exploited to make a profit after transaction costs.