VaR的原理及其在可转债的应用

目前,金融资产市场风险的通用度量工具为VaR(Value at Risk)模型("风险估值"模型).在巴塞尔协议形成后,用VaR度量金融风险更是受到普遍关注.本文利用期权定价公式中期权与标的资产的关系,将VaR的概念应用到可转债.本文以招行转债为例运用Matlab7.0进行Monte carlo模拟,并计算得出其VaR.     

基于VaR我国阳光私募基金市场风险研究

VaR方法称为风险价值模型,VaR模型测量风险简洁明了,统一了风险计量标准,VaR度量金融风险受到普遍关注。本文以阳光私募基金的风险度量作为研究对象,基于VaR方法,通过计算不同模型的不同分布值,论证GARCH模型能较好解决残差异方差问题以及分析阳光私募基金市场存在的投资风险问题。     

基于VaR我国阳光私募基金市场风险研究

VaR方法称为风险价值模型,VaR模型测量风险简洁明了,统一了风险计量标准,VaR度量金融风险受到普遍关注。本文以阳光私募基金的风险度量作为研究对象,基于VaR方法,通过计算不同模型的不同分布值,论证GARCH模型能较好解决残差异方差问题以及分析阳光私募基金市场存在的投资风险问题。     

Creditmetric模型及其对我国银行信用风险管理的借鉴

Creditmetric模型是近年来在国际金融领域信用风险管理方面的重要模型之一.就本身的框架而言,该方法实际上是一种度量组合价值和信用风险的方法,它包括了一整套的分析方法和数据库.本文介绍了该模型的算法与基本思路,包括单笔贷款信用风险情况的计算、两种贷款信用风险状况的计算以及多种组合贷款信用风险状况的计算等.由于该模型与我国传统的信用管理方法相比有着较明显的实用性,因此对我国的金融风险管理有着一定的借鉴意义;同时,由于该方法可以在不同行业之间进行量化比较,因此对于我国商业银行信用管理方法而言也是一个很好的补充.     

基于GARCH模型的VaR方法在上证市场中的应用

VaR(Value at Risk,在险价值)作为市场风险的度量方法之一,能够有效地度量金融市场的风险。本文在介绍了VaR的概念、特点以及计算方法的基础之上,利用GARCH模型估计、预测股市的VaR值,并对上证指数进行风险度量的实证研究。分析结果表明基于GARCH模型的VaR方法能够较好地反映出股市的风险,适合在上证市场进行风险管理。     

外汇市场的VaR风险度量

目前,金融资产市场风险的通用度量工具为VaR(Value at Risk)模型("风险估值"模型),在几个巴塞尔协议形成后,用VaR度量金融风险更是受到普遍关注。文章试以外汇市场的风险度量为研究对象,收集近三年来的外汇交易收盘价,使用VaR模型,论证利用VaR技术计算外汇风险的可行性。     

金融风险管理的VaR方法及其应用

近年来,巴林银行、长期资本管理公司等一系列因承担市场风险而发生巨额损失甚至倒闭的案例,使得无论金融机构还是监管当局都日益重视对市场风险的管理。与传统风险测量技术相比,VaR模型体现了更大地适应性和科学性,并且已得到大多数金融机构的认可。文章主要对VaR模型的概念、VaR模型的计算方法和VaR模型的应用进行了介绍,并借助于Excel、Matlab、SAS等软件,通过实例,详细介绍了VaR模型的两种计算方法,即历史模拟法和蒙特卡罗模拟法;另外,也借助该实例,阐述了VaR模型在风险度量和业绩评价中的实际运用。     

金融风险管理的VaR方法及其应用

近年来,巴林银行、长期资本管理公司等一系列因承担市场风险而发生巨额损失甚至倒闭的案例,使得无论金融机构还是监管当局都日益重视对市场风险的管理。与传统风险测量技术相比,VaR模型体现了更大地适应性和科学性,并且已得到大多数金融机构的认可。文章主要对VaR模型的概念、VaR模型的计算方法和VaR模型的应用进行了介绍,并借助于Excel、Matlab、SAS等软件,通过实例,详细介绍了VaR模型的两种计算方法,即历史模拟法和蒙特卡罗模拟法;另外,也借助该实例,阐述了VaR模型在风险度量和业绩评价中的实际运用。     

非上市保险公司信用风险动态度量

本文探讨适合我国国情的非上市保险公司信用风险动态度量方法。本文对非上市公司信用风险动态度量模型PFM进行改进,采用倾向得分匹配法PSM估计非上市公司资产的市场价值和波动率,计算违约距离,作为信用风险大小的测度。以修正后的PFM模型对我国非上市保险公司进行实证分析,并构建卡方检验分析该模型的适用性和准确性。研究结果表明：改进后的模型对我国非上市保险公司的信用风险度量有一定的评价和预测能力。     

基于GARCH-VaR模型的股指期货风险度量实证研究

本文针对我国股指期货的风险问题进行了实证与规范研究。在总结了国内外关于股指期货风险度量与控制文献的基础上,综合阐述了VaR三种常见的计算方法。鉴于收益率通常存在尖峰厚尾的特点,本文重点应用基于GARCH模型的VaR方法,对沪深300股指期货IF1106合约进行风险度量的实证研究,计算出VaR值,并做了可靠性检验。分析结果表明基于GARCH模型的VaR方法适用于我国股指期货的风险管理。     

Almanac of anticipations: The age of affluence—of anticipation—of anxiety—of automation—of discontinuity—of longing—of overkill—of space exploration

With this survey of developments in the futures field since 1945, I.F. Clarke completes his present series for Futures. He makes two major points: that forecasting techniques have become essential tools in the management of change; and that nuclear weapons and ecological problems have added a moral dimension to the study of the future. In the next issue of Futures he will start a new series on the range of future-thinking in the USA, from the expectations of the first settlers to the Star Wars programme.     

基金公司经营融资融券业务的问题审视

融资融券业务正式运营已经开展,为证券市场带来了革命性的改革,作为证券市场的一大主体,基金公司面对融资融券也迎来了新的发展方向和挑战,本文从融资融券业务的运行机制入手,分析了基金公司融资融券的新契机,并对其即将面临的问题进行审视和剖析,进而提出策略建议.     

对基层人民银行科技工作的几点建议

银监会分设后,人民银行将专司货币政策、金融稳定、金融服务三大职能。作为人民银行的分支机构,基层人民银行的工作重心也将从金融监管调整到这三大职能上来。人民银行的科技部门,就要积极运用科技手段,为人民银行履行新的职能发挥“服务、支持、促进、发展”的作用。一、围绕三大职能搭建五大平台经过“六五打基础、七五作准备、八五大发展”几个阶段后,人民银行相继实现了核算电算化、清算网络化和办公信息化。特别是近一两年来,陆续开通了大额支付系统、信贷登记咨询系统、会计四集中系统、金融信息服务网站等系统,人民银行信息化水平又…     

社会主义所有制形式的改革、完善与共产党执政能力的提高

在中国,所有制形式的调整、改革与完善,先进生产力的发展,党的执政能力建设,是社会主义建设过程中密切结合在一起的三个不同层面的发展关系.应在相互促进和共同提高中促进社会的和谐发展,保证社会主义现代化建设战略目标的顺利实现.     

Summary of Results of Survey of Seminar Attendees

Abstract

The Society of Actuaries undertook a three-phase research project on mortality improvement in the three NAFTA countries: Canada, Mexico, and the U.S. Phase 1 consisted of a literature review of papers on projecting mortality levels in the future and a study of the trend in mortality improvement during this century. Phase 2 consisted of a discussion of different facets of modeling mortality rates at a seminar attended by 79 experts (actuaries, demographers, economists, and medical researchers) representing different countries. The last session of the seminar consisted of the completion of a survey by the attendees to obtain input for Phase 3, which would analyze the impact of mortality improvement on the social security system of each country. This paper summarizes the results of the survey.

The survey results illustrate the difficulty in forecasting mortality levels, because the effects of many factors that could have significant impact on mortality rates are unknown. This suggests the need for dynamic forecasting, which allows for the possibility of random shocks. A majority of the survey respondents believe that stochastic forecasting models, despite their complexity, have significant potential to add value. Respondents also believe that both historical data and cause-specific mortality forecasts are useful as input and also in validating forecasts of the aggregate levels of mortality. The challenge is to develop more sophisticated forecasting models to produce results that are relatively easy to interpret and to communicate these results to the desired audiences, including the public and policymakers.

The survey results suggest that the aggregate effect of lifestyle changes, medical advances, diseases, catastrophe, and physical environmental changes is an increase in life span. However, there is much uncertainty about the future. Respondents expect that beyond the year 2020 the mean annual rate of reduction in mortality for males age 65 and over will average about 0.58% for Canada, 0.76% for Mexico, and 0.67% for the U.S. The results for the female age 65 and over population are 0.64%, 0.83%, and 0.70%, respectively. The age 65 and over population is expected to see larger percentage reductions in mortality than the 0–14 and 15–64 populations. The reductions in male and female mortality will be ultimately the same, and the mortality levels in the three countries will ultimately converge, although differences may persist for decades.     

The Usefulness of Measures of Consistency of Discretionary Components of Accruals in the Detection of Earnings Management

Abstract:  Prior research has shown the prevalence of measurement error in models used to estimate aggregate discretionary accruals. In these models, the incremental information content of the various components of accruals is ignored. Limited prior research and data gathered from firms under Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) litigation indicate that managers use either one or more than one component of accruals simultaneously, in a consistent way to manipulate bottom-line earnings in a given direction. I propose two measures that capture the consistency between the discretionary components of accruals and test their significance in earnings management (EM) detection in firms that have artificially added accrual manipulation and firms that were targeted by the SEC for accrual manipulation. There is evidence that this information is incrementally useful in detecting EM. This finding paves the way for improvements in the discretionary accruals measure by including consistency information from the components of aggregate accruals.     

Properties of time-series estimates of degree of leverage measures

Empirical studies suggest that time-series regression estimates of the degrees of operating and financial leverage have a tendency to produce measures less than one. According to ex ante theory, these measures should be greater than one for firms operating above the breakeven point. There have also been suggestions that the biases in these estimates may be attributable to an underlying increase in unit sales. This work presents evidence that these counter-intuitive measures are produced by changes in the firm's operating parameters (unit price, variable cost, fixed cost and interest payments). It further suggests that attempts to control for the underlying change in unit sales substantially increase the volatility of predicted estimates.     

浅议金融机构的举证责任

金融纠纷案件是当事人以存单或进账单、对账单、存款合同、保险单、票据、证券等凭证为主要证据向人民法院提出诉讼的案件,对于不同种类金融纠纷的当事人的举证责任,我国现行的金融法律、法规及司法解释有不同的规定。由于金融机构的特殊法律地位,发生金融纠纷时存在有关当事人将最后偿付风险转移给金融机构承担的主观故意,在客观上会使金融机构难以提供相应的证据来对抗不法债权人的诉讼请求,而导致金融机构败诉。为此,对金融诉讼案件中金融机构的举证责任加以研究具有重要的实践意义。     

银行软件项目外包管理分析

一、引言随着国民经济的不断发展,银行业务与外部企业的联系越来越密切。银行正逐步成为现代经济活动的中心,作为数据处理核心的银行业务应用也越来越大型化、越来越复杂化,因此许多银行也把软件项目逐步由原来的自主开发转变为与公司合作的方式,或直接外包开发的方式,银行本身的技术人员也逐步由开发转向项目管理。二、项目外包的分类银行项目的外包有以下几种情况:①部分子系统外包,有时由于银行的软件项目太大,单靠银行自身的开发力量基本无法在预定的时间内完成项目,只好把相对独立的部分外包;②直接购买软件公司的成熟产品,有些金融软…     

银行管理信息平台建设发展的思考

一、目前国内银行IT发展现状及面临的问题 银行数据集中工作的完成,标志着银行的业务由电子化建设阶段转入信息化建设阶段.一方面银行数据的集中提供了丰富全面的基础数据,面对日益庞大的数据源,如何将数字转化为对银行有用的信息,并从中发现知识,为银行的经营决策提供支持,是摆在银行IT人员面前的一个亟待解决的问题.另一方面用户对银行信息的需求日益增长,如果银行没有一套完整、实用的信息管理系统,将对业务发展非常不利.南京爱立信公司倒戈花旗银行事件曾经轰动一时,其中一个重要原因就是中国本地银行不能满足爱立信全球总部对南京爱立信公司的要求:每周财务上报和每天贷款限额管理.这一事件为中国商业银行的未来发展敲响了警钟,如果不加快管理信息系统的开发,迅速提升业务管理水平,类似的事件还会接连不断地发生,并最终导致国内商业银行在同国外商业银行的竞争中全面溃败.