农村信用社进行数据大集中为时尚早

2004年,中国工商银行在实现全国业务数据处理集中到北京、上海两大数据中心后,进一步实现了这两大数据中心之间的灾难备份连接。中国银行于2004年已实现华北、华东、华南、西南、西北五大中心的区域数据集中,同时进行系统平台与应用软件版本的统一。2004年9月,建设银行完成了江     

数据健康检查的实践与思考

2004年中国工商银行在完成南北两大数据中心整合工程之后,将核心业务数据全部集中到了数据中心（上海）（以下简称“数据中心”）的主机上。数据中心所辖40家挂接单位,下辖二级分行近400个,营业网点2．5万多个,账户总数接近6亿,数据量急剧增加。工商银行新一代核心银行系统（NOVA）投产后,随着版本的升级和业务类型的不断丰富,     

银信园地

工商银行完成大集中 2002年9月,中国工商银行全国各分支机构的数据全部成功挂接到北京和上海两大数据中心,全行所有业务处理均集中在两大数据中心进行,历时3年的工商银行数据集中工程建设顺利完成。据了解,数据集中工作完成后,工商银行通过北京、上海两个大型数据中心集中处理全国所有的业务,并利用先进技术,实现了计算机系统的负载均衡和多重备份,从而建立     

银行问题管理模式介绍

工商银行自2002年实施了南北两大数据中心的数据大集中后，不仅实现了所有数据的物理集中，并且实现了全行所有账户的通存通兑，以及行内汇划的实时到账，在业务制度，电子化建设，稽核、考核，银行组织机构等方面产生积极影响。     

对数据集中后省分行生产运行管理的实践与思考

生产运行管理是集技术性、综合性、服务性和管理性于一体的科技管理.随着数据集中工程的逐步深入和综合业务系统的全面投产,工商银行形成了以数据中心(北京)和数据中心(上海)两大数据中心为依托的全行集约化经营的新格局.在新的形势下,由于业务需求的处理环节增多、涉及业务部门增多、计算机网络系统的新节点增多,给生产运行管理工作增加了新的环节,加大了管理难度,也带来了新的挑战.为此,笔者根据工作实践,就数据集中后省分行的生产运行管理谈几点认识和体会.     

灾难备份:金融服务的保险措施

随着我国金融业数据大集中的实现，银行数据中心的技术风险也相对集中。整个业务处理由一个集中的数据处理系统完成，也就是说，所有的鸡蛋都放在了一个篮子里。以国内某大型商业银行为例，我们来看一下数据中心这个篮子在处理什么问题：ABIS核心交易系统每天受理近3万个网点的3000万笔业务；网银系统每天受理近70万笔交易；银行卡交换系统每天受理近90万笔交易。一旦数据中心发生灾难，将导致所有分支机构、营业网点的全部业务处理停顿，甚至造成客户重要数据丢失，其后果不堪设想：     

打破技术瓶颈 同城双活中心一体化运行

交通银行2006年完成数据大集中,在上海浦东张江建立数据中心,2007年将海外分行系统从香港迁移到张江数据中心,实现境内外一体化数据中心运行。为保障业务连续性。     

华为3Com助力中国建设银行数据集中工程全面上线

9月25日下午两点整，随着中国建设银行吉林省分行柜面业务系统成功上挂总行数据中心，历时三年的建行数据集中工程（DCC）宣告完成。     

数据集中后的安全问题与对策

近年来，人民银行先后通过推广货币金银管理信息系统、人民币银行结算账户管理系统、大额支付系统、小额支付系统、外汇业务管理系统等重要业务系统进行数据集中，这些系统都是通过内联网传输数据至省会中心支行和总行两级数据中心。数据集中降低了总体的运作成本，提高了设备利用率，减少了基层系统维护工作，是金融电子化和信息化的发展方向。但数据集中后，也带来了许多新的风险管理问题。如何保障这些重要业务系统安全有效地运行，是数据大集中后所必须面临的问题。因此，探讨数据大集中后可能产生的安全问题及其解决的对策和办法具有非常重要的现实意义。     

银行计算机灾难恢复系统

中国工商银行自从承担《银行计算机灾难恢复系统研究》项目后,以其雄厚的技术实力和有效的组织规划,在国内率先启动了数据集中工程和灾难恢复的建设,数据中心(北京)的灾难备份与恢复系统在国内采用国际最先进灾难备份与恢复技术,例如GDPS(跨区域并行系统耦合体)/XRC(异步远程数据复制)、通道延伸技术和并行耦合体技术,不仅实现数据中心(北京)所辖21个分行的业务数据、主机、网络、应用的备份和业务级的灾难恢复功能,还实现了两个数据中心互为备份。根据国际上SHARE78标准定义的异地恢复任务分类,达到五级的灾难备份恢复水平。一、项目…     

Almanac of anticipations: The age of affluence—of anticipation—of anxiety—of automation—of discontinuity—of longing—of overkill—of space exploration

With this survey of developments in the futures field since 1945, I.F. Clarke completes his present series for Futures. He makes two major points: that forecasting techniques have become essential tools in the management of change; and that nuclear weapons and ecological problems have added a moral dimension to the study of the future. In the next issue of Futures he will start a new series on the range of future-thinking in the USA, from the expectations of the first settlers to the Star Wars programme.     

基金公司经营融资融券业务的问题审视

融资融券业务正式运营已经开展,为证券市场带来了革命性的改革,作为证券市场的一大主体,基金公司面对融资融券也迎来了新的发展方向和挑战,本文从融资融券业务的运行机制入手,分析了基金公司融资融券的新契机,并对其即将面临的问题进行审视和剖析,进而提出策略建议.     

对基层人民银行科技工作的几点建议

银监会分设后,人民银行将专司货币政策、金融稳定、金融服务三大职能。作为人民银行的分支机构,基层人民银行的工作重心也将从金融监管调整到这三大职能上来。人民银行的科技部门,就要积极运用科技手段,为人民银行履行新的职能发挥“服务、支持、促进、发展”的作用。一、围绕三大职能搭建五大平台经过“六五打基础、七五作准备、八五大发展”几个阶段后,人民银行相继实现了核算电算化、清算网络化和办公信息化。特别是近一两年来,陆续开通了大额支付系统、信贷登记咨询系统、会计四集中系统、金融信息服务网站等系统,人民银行信息化水平又…     

社会主义所有制形式的改革、完善与共产党执政能力的提高

在中国,所有制形式的调整、改革与完善,先进生产力的发展,党的执政能力建设,是社会主义建设过程中密切结合在一起的三个不同层面的发展关系.应在相互促进和共同提高中促进社会的和谐发展,保证社会主义现代化建设战略目标的顺利实现.     

The Usefulness of Measures of Consistency of Discretionary Components of Accruals in the Detection of Earnings Management

Abstract:  Prior research has shown the prevalence of measurement error in models used to estimate aggregate discretionary accruals. In these models, the incremental information content of the various components of accruals is ignored. Limited prior research and data gathered from firms under Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) litigation indicate that managers use either one or more than one component of accruals simultaneously, in a consistent way to manipulate bottom-line earnings in a given direction. I propose two measures that capture the consistency between the discretionary components of accruals and test their significance in earnings management (EM) detection in firms that have artificially added accrual manipulation and firms that were targeted by the SEC for accrual manipulation. There is evidence that this information is incrementally useful in detecting EM. This finding paves the way for improvements in the discretionary accruals measure by including consistency information from the components of aggregate accruals.     

Properties of time-series estimates of degree of leverage measures

Empirical studies suggest that time-series regression estimates of the degrees of operating and financial leverage have a tendency to produce measures less than one. According to ex ante theory, these measures should be greater than one for firms operating above the breakeven point. There have also been suggestions that the biases in these estimates may be attributable to an underlying increase in unit sales. This work presents evidence that these counter-intuitive measures are produced by changes in the firm's operating parameters (unit price, variable cost, fixed cost and interest payments). It further suggests that attempts to control for the underlying change in unit sales substantially increase the volatility of predicted estimates.     

浅议金融机构的举证责任

金融纠纷案件是当事人以存单或进账单、对账单、存款合同、保险单、票据、证券等凭证为主要证据向人民法院提出诉讼的案件,对于不同种类金融纠纷的当事人的举证责任,我国现行的金融法律、法规及司法解释有不同的规定。由于金融机构的特殊法律地位,发生金融纠纷时存在有关当事人将最后偿付风险转移给金融机构承担的主观故意,在客观上会使金融机构难以提供相应的证据来对抗不法债权人的诉讼请求,而导致金融机构败诉。为此,对金融诉讼案件中金融机构的举证责任加以研究具有重要的实践意义。     

Summary of Results of Survey of Seminar Attendees

Abstract

The Society of Actuaries undertook a three-phase research project on mortality improvement in the three NAFTA countries: Canada, Mexico, and the U.S. Phase 1 consisted of a literature review of papers on projecting mortality levels in the future and a study of the trend in mortality improvement during this century. Phase 2 consisted of a discussion of different facets of modeling mortality rates at a seminar attended by 79 experts (actuaries, demographers, economists, and medical researchers) representing different countries. The last session of the seminar consisted of the completion of a survey by the attendees to obtain input for Phase 3, which would analyze the impact of mortality improvement on the social security system of each country. This paper summarizes the results of the survey.

The survey results illustrate the difficulty in forecasting mortality levels, because the effects of many factors that could have significant impact on mortality rates are unknown. This suggests the need for dynamic forecasting, which allows for the possibility of random shocks. A majority of the survey respondents believe that stochastic forecasting models, despite their complexity, have significant potential to add value. Respondents also believe that both historical data and cause-specific mortality forecasts are useful as input and also in validating forecasts of the aggregate levels of mortality. The challenge is to develop more sophisticated forecasting models to produce results that are relatively easy to interpret and to communicate these results to the desired audiences, including the public and policymakers.

The survey results suggest that the aggregate effect of lifestyle changes, medical advances, diseases, catastrophe, and physical environmental changes is an increase in life span. However, there is much uncertainty about the future. Respondents expect that beyond the year 2020 the mean annual rate of reduction in mortality for males age 65 and over will average about 0.58% for Canada, 0.76% for Mexico, and 0.67% for the U.S. The results for the female age 65 and over population are 0.64%, 0.83%, and 0.70%, respectively. The age 65 and over population is expected to see larger percentage reductions in mortality than the 0–14 and 15–64 populations. The reductions in male and female mortality will be ultimately the same, and the mortality levels in the three countries will ultimately converge, although differences may persist for decades.     

Separation of Unit of Account from Medium of Exchange

The separation of a unit of account (UoA) from a medium of exchange (MoE) in the commodity–money system is investigated by considering explicitly a seller's choice of UoA in terms of either an MoE or a unit of metal weight. If the likelihood of debasement of an MoE and its rate are high enough, the price is posted in terms of a unit of metal weight rather than an MoE. Interestingly, this MoE–UoA separated equilibrium yields the flexible nominal price, whereas an MoE–UoA integrated equilibrium yields the sticky one. This implies the nominal price rigidity in the fiat‐money system where MoE and UoA are integrated.     

银行软件项目外包管理分析

一、引言随着国民经济的不断发展,银行业务与外部企业的联系越来越密切。银行正逐步成为现代经济活动的中心,作为数据处理核心的银行业务应用也越来越大型化、越来越复杂化,因此许多银行也把软件项目逐步由原来的自主开发转变为与公司合作的方式,或直接外包开发的方式,银行本身的技术人员也逐步由开发转向项目管理。二、项目外包的分类银行项目的外包有以下几种情况:①部分子系统外包,有时由于银行的软件项目太大,单靠银行自身的开发力量基本无法在预定的时间内完成项目,只好把相对独立的部分外包;②直接购买软件公司的成熟产品,有些金融软…