论税收法律责任

一、税收法律责任的概念与特征 （一）税收法律责任的概念：税收法律责任,是指税法主体因违反税收义务,而由专门的国家机关依法追究或由其主动承担的否定性法律后果。税收法津关系是国家与纳税人之间在税收活动中发生的,由税法确认和调整,靠国家强制力保证实施,以征纳关系为内容的权利义务关系。换言之,国家与纳税人之间的征纳关系是一种特殊的经济关系,这种经济关系-经税法确认,就由经济关系上升为法律关系,征纳关系就要受到税法的制约和调整,从而形成税收法律关系。     

税务代理风险和企业内部控制评价意义及方法初探

中华人民共和国税收征管法实施细则第九十八条规定：税务代理人违反税收法律、行政法规,造成纳税人未缴或少缴税款的,除由纳税人缴纳或者补缴应纳税款、滞纳金外,对税务代理人处纳税人未缴或者少缴税款50%以上3倍以下的罚款。涉税有风险,入税需谨慎。注册税务师在办理税务代理的执业过程中,应永远保持清醒的头脑,     

税收法律制度改革建议

新时期税收法律制度存在的主要问题 (一)税收法律体系不完备。主要表现在:1、缺乏税收基本法。税收基本法应是以国家宪法为依据,按照税收工作的客观规律规定的基本原则、治税思想、税务机关和纳税人的权利义务、税收立法、执法和司法的有关问题,对其他各单行税收法律、法     

关于开展纳税遵从工作的思考

纳税遵从是指纳税人（扣缴义务人）遵照税收法律法规向国家正确缴纳应纳（应扣缴）的各项税收、并服从税务部门及税务执法人员符合法律规范管理的行为。纳税遵从度是指纳税义务人纳税遵从的程度。     

践行群众路线 做好“三个服务”

税务部门是国家重要的经济管理部门,在工作中要做好服务纳税人、服务基层、服务大局工作,努力构建和谐征纳关系、夯实基层税收工作基础、助推经济社会发展。一、以便民办税为重点,服务纳税人公开权力清单,让纳税人缴明白税。及时公开国家税收政策、税务行政审批清单、税收执法权力清单、办税业务流程等与纳税人权利义务相关的事项。强化税法咨询服务,依托税务网站、办税大厅、纳税人学校、新闻媒体等,加大对税收政策和办税     

浅议税务检查权的正确行使

税务检查是税务机关依照国家有关税收法律、行政法规、规章和财务会计制度的规定，对纳税人履行纳税义务情况进行审查监督的管理活动。税务检查权是税务人员实施检查行为、监督和督促纳税人履行纳税义务的重要保证和手段。对于税务检查，新《税收征管法》新增了一个条款，修改了四个条款，保留了一个条款。与原征管法相比，进一步明确了税务检查权，明确了税务机关与有关单位和个人的权利与义务关系，加强了对税务机关的执法制约和纳税人合法权益的保护，也为稽查人员行使税务检查权提供了法律依据和法律规范。超越《税收征管法》规定的权力范围行使检查权，会直接侵害纳税人的权益，并可能引发税务行政复议和税务行政诉讼。因此，稽查人员正确把握税务检查的权力范围，正确行使这种权力十分重要。那么，在税务检查中，稽查人员如何正确行使税务检查权呢？     

税务代理风险和企业内部控制评价意义及方法初探

<正>中华人民共和国税收征管法实施细则第九十八条规定:税务代理人违反税收法律、行政法规,造成纳税人未缴或少缴税款的,除由纳税人缴纳或者补缴应纳税款、滞纳金外,对税务代理人处纳税人未缴或者少缴税款50%以上3倍以下的罚款。涉税有风险,入税需谨慎。注册税务师在办理税务代理的执业过程中,应永远保持清醒的头脑,时刻谨记风     

浅谈税收法律责任问题

税收法律责任包括税务机关作为行政主体的法律责任、税务人员的法律责任以及税务相对方的法律责任。同时，税收法律责任从内容上看包括行政责任和刑事责任两顶，因此，有效解决税收领域中行政责任与刑事责任追究程序的衔接问题，不仅能避免案件处理中的交叉与冲突，而且可以提高办案效率，严密税收法网。     

涉税鉴证业务的社会经济效应

一、涉税鉴证业务的内容要求涉税领域有三大主体:税务机关、税务中介、纳税人。税务机关作为征税主体,代表了国家的税收利益。单一的税收征纳关系会给税务腐败提供可乘之机,这就产生了对税务中介的客观     

税务行政处罚的法理探析

法学意义上的税收是一种金钱给付关系。关于税收的法律关系性质有权利关系说和债务关系说两种观点,不同观点之下对于税务行政处罚的法理有不同的分析。事实上,国家和纳税人之间是一种公法意义上的债权债务关系,税务行政处罚是国家对纳税人不按时履行税收合约的一种惩罚。     

一个基于征税人视角的税收流失模型

在我国的税收实践中,虽然纳税人是导致税收流失最主要的方面,但由于征税人方面的原因而导致的税收流失也不容忽视。运用预期效用理论,对税务人员的违规行为进行建模分析的结果表明,应加强对税务人员的管理,以防止和减少因税务人员的违规所导致的税收流失。     

从前景理论看纳税遵从决策与征管策略选择

本文认为,以理性和自利为假设前提的预期效用理论虽然可以解释一般的纳税遵从决策,却无法解释那些并不完全理性、自利的遵从行为,20世纪80年代以来前景理论的引入弥补了这方面的不足。前景理论的反射性效应、确定性效应和分离性效应原理解释了纳税人的实际决策与理性决策相偏离的现象,为税收征管策略的选择提供了重要的理论基础和政策启示。     

税负归宿问题研究趋势与展望

从西方财政学的视角来看,要确定某项税收的归宿到底有多少,是一个非常复杂和困难的问题,也正因为如此,在西方财政学及公共经济学领域,税负归宿理论的研究一直吸引着众多学者为之付出不懈的努力,本文对西方各大学派的税负归宿（Incidence Tax）思想进行了梳理和总结。在此基础上,对我国近年来的税负归宿理论思想进行分析,通过国内外对比研究,揭示国内研究的局限性,并在此基础上提出研究展望。     

Uncertainty in the Theory of Public Finance

This paper discusses the role that the economics of uncertainty has played in the theory of public finance. From being mostly concerned with its choice-theoretic foundations in the 1950s and 1960s, the theory of expected utility maximisation and risk averse behaviour has contributed decisively to the development of several areas of the theory of public finance. Three of these have been chosen here to illustrate the general point: The theory of taxation and risk taking with focus on portfolio choice, the role of uncertainty in public expenditure analysis (emphasising the effect of public goods provision on private risk taking) and the theory of tax evasion and compliance.     

Punishing in the public interest: Exploratory Canadian evidence pertaining to convictions and incarcerations for tax offences

Although naming and shaming is a deterrence strategy used by tax authorities, ostensibly to increase tax compliance, the contents of tax conviction notices in which taxpayers are named and shamed have not been investigated in empirical research. To this end, this study uses a sample of 2,570 taxpayers convicted of tax offences by the Canadian tax authority over a ten-year period (2006 through 2015) to identify key characteristics of convictions and incarcerations for tax crimes, and to understand how key conviction characteristics are associated with incarceration. Over this period, findings show that 55% of tax convictions in Canada relate to failure to file tax returns, and that 14% of convicted individuals are incarcerated for an average of 17 months. The mean unreported income per convicted taxpayer is $89,978, the mean unremitted excise tax per convicted taxpayer is $15,330, and the mean fine amount per convicted taxpayer is $48,201. Males are more likely to be convicted of a tax crime than females. Further, professionals are far more likely to be incarcerated than non-professionals. Results also indicate that underreporting related to excise tax as a form of tax evasion is more likely to result in harsher sentencing than underreporting related to income tax. Lastly, we observe a downward trend in convictions and incarceration over the 10-year span, such that the total convictions and incarcerations at the end of the sample period are roughly one-third of the convictions at the beginning. Implications for public policy are discussed.     

关于积极财政政策的转型与可持续性问题的思考

近年来,中国连续实施大规模的减税降费政策,宏观税负持续下降,积极财政政策的可持续性问题引起社会各界的高度关注.积极财政政策是否具有可持续性,积极财政政策何去何从?作为宏观经济政策的任何一种财政政策都不可能长期不变地存在下去.如何理解积极财政政策?如何让财政政策具有可持续性?如何让财政政策更有效地发挥作用?文章试图对这些问题作初步的回答,并在讨论财政政策理论发展趋势的同时,展望中国未来的财政政策.     

Three challenges for public finance

Conclusions There is one common thread that runs through all three of these challenges. It is a plea to look beyond the standard model of taxation in which it is assumed that the taxed goods directly enter into individuals' utility functions or firms' production functions. At a very basic level this assumption is incorrect because what is taxed is what the taxpayer reports or the tax agency observes, not what the taxpayer consumes or the firm uses and produces. Thus we must analyze tax systems in which the compliance and enforcement elements are explicit.This focus is especially important for international taxation issues because of the difficulty of taxing nonresidents' income and the foreign-source income of domestic residents. It is inevitable that tax systems are designed with these practical difficulties in mind, and, in order to participate fully in the policy debates, economists ought to think carefully about these issues.The distinction may also hold the key to making sense of the empirical evidence about the impact of the U. S. tax changes of the 1980s. There are many avenues of response to tax rate changes other than changing one's consumption bundle or input mix; we need to think hard about whether these responses preclude or merely accompany the real responses that are of ultimate interest.If public finance is to decline in the 1990s, it will not be because of a lack of intellectually exciting challenges that confront us. There are many such challenges, and I am confident that they will attract the attention of both newly minted and well circulated economists.     

Do tax decision support systems affect the accuracy of tax compliance decisions?

Tax complexity has increased over the years as laws and regulations have been consistently added to the existing code sections. This complexity directly affects taxpayer compliance; complexity reduces taxpayer compliance. Along with the rise in complexity has come an increased use of tax preparation software such as TurboTax to combat the rising intricacy. This software is designed to help users properly complete a tax return and, as a result, increase taxpayer compliance. These software packages represent sophisticated tax decision support systems (TDSS) used by both professional tax preparers and individual taxpayers alike. While the availability and use has risen dramatically over the past few years, little research has been conducted to determine the impact of TDSS on tax preparers' decisions. The purpose of this study is to examine whether tax preparers manually preparing a tax return make the same decisions as tax preparers aided by a TDSS. The Theory of Technology Dominance suggests (1) that less experienced users will not be able to adequately use the TDSS and will make inferior decisions when compared to more experienced users and (2) that more experienced decision-makers using a TDSS will make better decisions than their counterparts preparing a return manually. The results support the propositions of the theory and show that less experienced tax preparers using a TDSS make inferior decisions when compared to more experienced tax preparers. The less experienced tax preparers report higher taxable income and higher tax liability. The results also indicate that using a TDSS can help both experienced and novice tax preparers make better decisions even though the novices cannot perform at the level of experienced tax preparers. This study concludes tax compliance is improved with the use of a TDSS.     

税收价格论对强化税收征管的现实意义

税收价格论认为税收是纳税人为消费公共品而向政府支付的“价格”,税收征纳双方在本质上是平等的交换关系。借鉴税收价格论,应当以个人为基点,从利益交换关系的角度,赋予纳税人作为交换一方应有的权利。应在整个公共部门经济的全过程中体现税收本质上的平等交换关系,并以法律的形式予以确定和保护。引进税收价格论,对提供新的税收征管思路,强化税收征管工作,具有重要的现实意义。     

公共财政框架下的消费税改革

近一段时期,国家领导人多次强调要建立公共财政体制,特别指出,税收体制改革是建立公共财政体制的重点之一。公共财政的职能范围是以满足社会公共需要为口径界定的,它以追求公共利益为已任,“拿众人之钱办众人之事”是公共财政的出发点和归宿。公共财政的基本原则是公正、规范、透明。而我国现行的消费税实行的价内税,违背了公共财政的基本原则,必须进行改革。