中小企业集群创新网络相关问题的研究与展望——基于文献的述评

中小企业集群创新网络是国内外学术研究的热点问题.通过对中小企业集群创新网络的文献综述,深入了解国内外学者对中小企业集群创新网络的研究进展,并与当前经济转型下的产业转移相联系,提出中小企业集群创新网络研究的突破点,包括运用演进博弈论、复杂社会网络理论等研究产业转移背景下申小企业集群创新网络的演进,以及集群创新网络间的协同与互动,使两个集群创新网络内企业实现持续创新能力提升,转变集群创新网络的不可复制性为更高层面上中小企业集群网络的可重构性,进而推动集群创新网络理论的发展并发挥其对区域经济发展的指导作用.     

浙江产业集群创新网络跨区域重构研究

浙江产业集群近年来呈现出跨区域扩张的趋势,与此相适应,产业集群创新网络也面临着跨区域重构,进而实现创新资源的跨区域整合.基于产业集群的企业竞争,已不仅是集群产品(服务)层面的竞争,而是进入到了依托“产业集群创新网络”的全新产业链的竞争.本文首先剖析了产业集群创新网络的内涵及其特点,接着阐述了浙江产业集群跨区域创新网络的构建的动因以及途径,最后提出了具体的对策建议,以提升浙江产业集群的国际竞争力.     

化工主导产业链高级化与产业集群创新研究

产业集群的内涵比产业链丰富,既包括产业间的联系,还包括产业及其他相关机构间的联系,而且还强调空间的集聚.因此,化工产业集群获得了单个企业所不具备的循环经济、集聚经济和知识溢出创新优势.集群通过节点级的企业创新、网络级的产业链创新和平台级的辅助机构创新,促使化工产业链的产品形态、价值形态和知识形态高级化.     

化工主导产业链高级化与产业集群创新研究

<正>产业集群的内涵比产业链丰富,既包括产业间的联系,还包括产业及其他相关机构间的联系,而且还强调空间的集聚。因此,化工产业集群获得了单个企业所不具备的循环经济、集聚经济和知识溢出创新优势。集群通过节点级的企业创新、网络级的产业链创新和平台级的辅助机构创新,促使化工产业链的产品形态,价值形态和知识形态高级化。     

高新技术产业集群中的社会资本效应分析

高新技术产业集群中社会资本的效应很大,主要体现在以下几个方面：影响高新技术产业集群的位置、发展速度和信息交流,促进集群内经济主体的合作;从契约角度来看,可以有效解决高新技术企业技术创新网络中契约缺口问题;有助于高新技术产业集群由萌芽阶段向初级阶段发展,并保证产业群由初级阶段进化到高级阶段;有助于促进高新技术产业集群实现知识的转移、流动和创造;有助于促进高新技术产业集群内企业间的集体学习;有助于高新技术产业风险投资基地的建立;有助于提高高新技术产业集群内企业创新效率;使高新技术产业集群内技术创新扩散更加迅速;激励高新技术产业集群内人才创新;等等。     

产业集群中创新行为主体知识共享策略的演化博弈分析

产业集群的创新过程是集群中的创新行为主体在政府政策引导与支持下,通过彼此深度合作,实现知识创造的过程,也是知识在整个产业集群中的转移、共享、吸收与利用的过程。创新行为主体间的知识共享是集群创新的关键。分析了产业集群中创新行为主体知识共享的内涵,运用演化博弈理论,构建产业集群中企业、高校与科研机构、政府在知识共享策略中的复制动态博弈模型,分析了企业、高校与科研机构在政府监管条件下采取知识共享策略的动态演化过程,并对博弈结果进行分析。     

网络组织视角下产业集群社会责任建设研究

产业集群是产业网络诸多组织形态中的一种。由于地理临近性和紧密的网络关系,集群内企业的社会责任不再是一种"个体行为",从产业集群层面寻求合作共赢而共同推进社会责任建设已经成为必然趋势。因而,本文引入"网络组织"分析视角,提出了"产业集群社会责任"的概念。在此基础上,提出了基于"Hub节点企业"助推的产业集群社会责任"层级建设"模式,首先利用网络分析工具,构建产业集群Hub节点企业识别指数,继而提出遵循产业集群"点式—链式—网式"社会责任建设的层级推进模式。     

产业集群竞争优势理论分析

产业集群是现代经济中一类重要的产业间新的组织形式,其强劲的竞争优势成为了国家或地区竞争力的重要来源.学术界对产业集群竞争优势展开了多视角的研究,本文综述和归纳了众多的产业集群竞争优势理论,认为各种理论对产业集群的竞争优势主要是从集群产业集聚、集群组织与生产方式、集群创新三个方面进行分析的.     

集聚经济对创新绩效的作用机理分析——基于地方化经济与城市化经济的比较

文章回顾了一般创新理论与集聚经济的基本原理,井试图用学习和合作在创新与集聚之间建立一种联系,找出在创新生产中两种集聚经济(地方化经济与城市化经济)之间的优势.大量的条件支持了城市化经济是比地方化经济更重要的创新源泉,因为大城市使新思想、信息及为R&D提供便利设施的空间,城市化经济比地方化经济有更好的商业条件和更有效的沟通学习.     

建设集群产业园区以增强区域创新能力研究

集群产业园区兼有集群的产业协同效应和工业园区的地理集中性优势,在形式上表现为两者特性的集合,有利于增强区域创新能力.在规划和建设园区中要强化"集群意识",夯实区域社会资本,构建以集群产业园区为核心的区域创新基地,形成区域创新网络.     

快速成形技术的应用及热点分析

基于快速成形技术的原理,展示了快速成形技术在快速模具制造、金属零件直接成形、反求工程等领域的广泛应用,总结了快速成形制造技术研究的热点,即研发新材料和新设备、提高成形精度、建立RPM的反求工程系统、建立成形技术的统一标准和扩大成形技术的应用领域。     

HSE走进中国石油

企业管理水平的好坏直接影响着企业的经济效益,运用HSE管理能提高企业管理水平,HSE管理模式将健康,安全,环境三者视为一个有机的整体。HSE管理认为人的安全是第一位的,人是创造财富的原动力,是企业的最大财产,HSE管理体系强调的是“蝴蝶效应”。     

Material power and normative conflict in global and local agrifood governance: The lessons of ‘Golden Rice’ in India

This special section aims to investigate the interaction of global and local forces in shaping agrifood governance. It starts from the recognition that a multitude of actors and norms shape today’s agrifood system. The resulting opaqueness of the systems makes it extremely difficult to understand and explain processes and outcomes of agrifood governance. Given the sustainability challenges facing the agrifood system, improvements in our understanding of what the interaction of global and local actors and norms means on the ground are urgently needed, however. The section, therefore, analyses agrifood governance in India across a selected group of cases. It does so by employing a systematic framework emphasizing the material and ideational dimensions of power and their interaction. The section has chosen India as the setting in which to analyze this interaction due to the crucial role the food demand and supply of this rising power plays in today’s agrifood system. This article provides the special sections’ analytical framework, which uses the interplay of material and ideational dimensions of power as a focal lens. In addition, the article applies this framework to an empirical study of the political conflict around GMO foods in India, specifically the case of ‘Golden Rice’.     

经济组织的社会嵌入与社会形塑——企业社会嵌入及其对企业范式形成的自组织机制

本文在述评社会嵌入理论的基础上,针对社会嵌入泛化和企业失范的问题,对企业社会嵌入的对象、方式、作用和意义,做了初步的设想和阐释。提出并论证了如下基本观点:企业的社会嵌入是客观存在和理性行为的统一;企业嵌入的是有自发形塑作用的具象社会和关键利益相关者网络;通过部落营销、内部化和吸纳社会规范,可以实现双方的互嵌和为社会形塑提供条件;企业嵌入后,社会会对企业产生自发的形塑作用,以外取和内化等机制和形式,来应对组织悖论和社会不确定性、使员工个体行为转化为企业的整体秩序,进而形成内外部关系和谐有序的企业范式。     

WTO对安庆石化的挑战与机遇

加入世贸组织对中石化股份公司安庆分公司来说将面临着市场竞争、企业竞争力、企业保护等几方面的挑战,企业应该把握机遇,开创新的经济增长点。针对公司情况,文章提出了一些对策和建议。     

Complementary technologies,knowledge relatedness,and invention outcomes in high technology mergers and acquisitions

Prior research on M&As and invention outcomes has not systematically examined the influence of two types of knowledge differences. Knowledge relatedness has typically been equated with knowledge similarity and the separate influence of knowledge complementarity has been overlooked. Similarly, studies examining innovation outcomes of M&As have typically focused on the role of technological knowledge and overlooked the influence of scientific knowledge. We develop a model of relatedness and invention performance of high‐technology M&As that considers science and technology similarity and complementarity as important drivers of invention. We test the model using a sample of M&As from the drug, chemical, and electronics industries and a fine‐grained measure of knowledge relatedness that distinguishes between science and technology relatedness. We find that complementary scientific knowledge and complementary technological knowledge both contribute to post‐merger invention performance by stimulating higher quality and more novel inventions. This suggests that high‐technology firms seeking acquisitions should search for, identify, and acquire businesses that have scientific and technological knowledge that is complementary to their own. Our results also suggest that similarities in knowledge facilitate incremental renewal, while complementarities would make discontinuous strategic transformations more likely, and that absorptive capacity research should be expanded to consider complementarities as well as similarities. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Integrating livestock feeds and production systems into agricultural multi-market models: The example of IMPACT

The various ways in which livestock production systems can be incorporated into economic, partial-equilibrium, multi-market models are presented, and the challenges outlined. A particular focus and illustrative case is livestock feed. Foremost among the challenges is the reconciliation of scientific understanding of livestock feed requirements and production characteristics with the available national data. Another challenge is in estimating herd structures. An economic, multi-market modeling approach is presented which has been widely used in policy analysis and advocacy, and an account is given of the necessary recent enhancements for addressing livestock.     

质量体系与HSE管理体系一体化初探

从分析ＩＳＯ９００标准与ＨＳＥ管理标准的相同点和不同点入手,从管理学的角度探讨了质量体系与ＨＳＥ管理体系相结合的可能性与必要性,探讨了企业实施两个体系一体化的措施。指出,建立一个能同时满足了ＩＳＯ９０００标准要求和ＨＳＥ管理标准要求的综合体系,可以明显地提高企业管理效益、降低体系运行费用。     

Evolving dairy markets in Asia: Recent findings and implications

This paper is an overview of important findings regarding the ongoing evolution of Asian dairy markets based on a series of new economic investigations. These investigations provide systematic empirical foundations to assess Asian dairy markets with their new consumption patterns, changing industries, and trade prospects under different domestic and trade policy regimes, with four case studies (China, India, Japan, and Korea), a prospective analysis of future regional patterns of consumption, and a policy analysis of trade liberalization of Asian dairy markets. The overview distills the findings of these new investigations and integrates them in the earlier economic literature; it draws policy implications, and identifies lessons for countries outside of Asia, especially for emerging exporters in Latin America.     

大鼠脑缺血后缺血区VEGF表达变化及通心络的影响

目的观察大鼠脑缺血后缺血区VEGF mRNA及蛋白水平随时间表达的变化及通心络对其的影响。方法制备大鼠大脑中动脉梗塞局灶性脑缺血模型,采用RT—PCR法及免疫组化法检测脑缺血后每组实验动物不同时间缺血区VEGFmRNA及蛋白表达的变化以及通心络的作用。结果1、正常大鼠脑缺血后脑组织中VEGFmRNA表达很少,大鼠局灶性脑缺血后VEGF mRNA表达逐渐增强,3d达高峰,缺血7d后叉降至约正常水平。VEGF主要在神经元阳性表达,表达趋势与mRNA基本吻合。2、通心络高剂组VEGF mRNA表达显著增强（p〈0.01,p〈0.05）;通心络各组vEGF阳性神经元数量增加：结论局灶性脑缺血可促进缺血区内源性神经保护因子VEGF高表达;通心络可增强和延长缺血区VEGF高表达,发挥对脑缺血的保护作用.