重复性早期妊娠流产病因研究进展

重复性早期妊娠流产在育龄妇女中的发病率为1%,然而只有50%的夫妇找到了明确的病因,对该病的治疗方法也存在很多争议。近年来重复性早期妊娠流产发病率有升高趋势,现就近年的病因学研究结果,尤其是遗传学和免疫学方面的研究进展作一综述,以利于该疾病的预防和治疗。     

人绒毛膜促性腺激素的提取和应用

人绒毛膜促性腺激素(H.CG)是妊娠妇女早期胎盘中合脑体细胞滋养层分泌的一种糖蛋白激素,在妊娠45～90天里。HCG在胎盘中的合成达到最高峰,并大量存在于孕妇的血和尿液中,从孕妇尿液中每天排泄的HCG最高值可达5mg,妊娠六个月后HCG的浓度降低90%。近年来,由于人们对HCG研究日渐深入,HCG结构成分已被弄清,它是一个含糖蛋白在30%的糖蛋白激素,其四级结构是由α—和β—亚基结合而成,α—亚基是几种     

解剖、生理和组胚学

081623封闭式拉细麦管法玻璃化冷冻保存人类早期胚胎的临床结果观察/童先宏…∥现代妇产科进展.—2008,17(8).—613～615,619该文作者在早期实验研究的基础上,用自制的封闭式拉细麦管冷冻保存的人类早期胚胎,一共复苏了151个周期,464枚胚胎,丢失胚胎27枚,胚胎存活率88.79%(388/437),移植周期临床妊娠率21.77%(32/147),种植率9.52%(36/378),流产率12.5%(4/32),诞生18例健康婴儿。IVF组、ICSI组、IVM组三种助孕方式获得的胚胎解冻后的胚胎存活率、临床妊娠率、种植率均无差异(P>0.05)。冷冻前胚胎质量对解冻后移植周期的临床妊娠率有明显的影响。当移植至少一枚Ⅰ级或Ⅱ级胚胎时,其临床妊娠率、种植率和流产率分别是28.72%和12.02%和0%,流产率低于常规的新鲜胚胎移植流产率。作者认为,与采用Cryoloop和Cryotip为装载容器的玻璃化冷冻方法相比,该法的临床妊娠相近,但避免了液氮潜在的污染,是冷冻早期胚胎理想的方法。表3参12(周继铭)081624两种短效曲普瑞林降调节方案诱发排卵效果比较/裴莉…∥现代妇产科进展.—2008,17...     

终止早早孕的新法探讨——附48例临床报道

目的:探讨终止早早孕的临床新法及临床价值。方法:选择符合早早孕诊断且要求终止妊娠的孕妇48例,在超声引导下采用胚胎移植外套管(软管)外置20ml注射器抽吸妊娠物,终止早早孕。另选100例药流终止早早孕作为对照,比较两组的完全流产率、疼痛、出血量、流产后阴道流血时间等。结果:两组疼痛、出血量、流产后阴道流血时间,吸胚组较对照组,有极显著性差异(P<0.001),完全流产率两组间无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论:超声引导下软管抽吸妊娠物终止早早孕的操作简便、器械简单、安全有效、无痛苦、轻损伤、恢复快,是一种安全、有效、可行的终止早早孕的新方法。     

值得一读的好书

为了满足我国年轻夫妇的美好心愿:“良好地妊娠、顺利地分娩、科学地育儿”,黑龙江科学技术出版社于1990年出版了《当代最新妊娠、分娩、育儿知识》一书。该书以新颖独特的形式、优美形象的插图、浅显通俗的文字,为妊娠期妇女提供了孕期生活、营养调配、胎教和胎儿发育科学知识和具体指导;为即将分娩的孕妇提供了思想、物质准备、分娩方法以及无痛分娩的积极建议;为分娩后的妇女提供了如何顺利地度过产褥期、恢复体形及育儿的科学方法。书中还较详细地叙述了孕产期的各种异常现象和常见疾病,并提供了治疗方法和预防措施。《当代最新妊娠、分娩、育儿知识》一书出版发行后,引起了广大读者良好的反响,特别是得到广大年轻妇夫和年轻父母的欣赏和好评。     

产科特殊检查

081641B超检测妊娠晚期子宫下段瘢痕厚度对再次剖宫产的意义/李学和…∥实用妇产科杂志.—2008,24(9).—568～569目的:探讨B超检测妊娠晚期子宫下段瘢痕厚度对再次剖宫产术的意义。方法:对2007年1～12月该院再次剖宫产病例在术前均行B超检查子宫下段瘢痕厚度。其中瘢痕厚度>3mm组60例,瘢痕厚度≤3mm组26例,对病例的术前宫缩情况、术中出血量、缩宫素总用量与产后出血发生率进行比较。结果:再次剖宫产孕妇B超检查子宫下段瘢痕厚度≤3mm组在术前宫缩、产后出血发生率、缩宫素总用量上与>3mm组孕妇相比,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:术前B超检测妊娠晚期子宫下段瘢痕厚度对再次剖宫产术中的处理有指导意义。表1参3(原文摘要)081642腹部超声与阴道超声在异位妊娠诊断中的价值/罗青…∥中国计划生育学杂志.—2008,16(8).—486～488对收治的197例异位妊娠患者进行回顾性分析,对比经腹部超声(TAS)和经阴道超声(TVS)两种检查方法的阳性确诊率。结果:197例中75例经TAS检查诊断62例,阳性确诊率82.3%;72例经TVS检查诊断65例,阳性确诊率90.3%;50例经TA...     

姬塬地区长2成岩作用研究

成岩作用对本区砂岩储层起着重要的控制作用。根据对普通薄片、铸体薄片、扫描电镜等资料的分析,对该区成岩作用进行了深入的研究。     

人工流产术后放置吉妮环788例分析

目的:探讨人工流产术后即时放置吉妮环(CINIUD)的效果。方法:2007年2月至2008年5月,对停经6～8周要求终止妊娠且同时有避孕要求的妇女788例在人工流产术后即时放置吉妮环,术后定期(30d、60d、90d、12个月)门诊、电话随访。结果:788例累计观察12个月妊娠率0.3%,脱落率0.4%,取出率1.3%,续用率98%。结论:人工流产术后即时放置CINIUD有安全性高,避孕效果好,脱落率低,不良反应少,累计续用率高等优点,适于临床推广应用。     

药物代谢研究在新药研究中的作用

药物代谢是新药研究的重要环节之一,从药物代谢在新药开发初期寻找具有良好药代性质的候选物、先导物结构改造和结构修饰、硬药和软药的设计方面等,阐述了药物代谢在药物研究中的重要作用。探讨药物代谢研究在新药研究中的作用,将推动新药研究的开展,加速新药研究开发的进程。     

企业政研成果转化成因及对策

思想政治工作是一个不断由实践到认识，再由认识到实践，循环往复、逐步深化的过程。开展思想政治工作研究的意义和作用，就在于催化和加速这个过程，从而使之尽快实现工作的科学化。离开了实现工作的科学化，也便失去了研究的意义和作用。而研究的意义和作用的体现，又离不开研究成果的转化与应用。     

Consumer voting and demand behavior regarding swine gestation crates

Consumers are increasingly interested in how animals are handled, transported, and cared for. This study provides the first examination of US resident support for a ballot initiative banning use of gestation crates (stalls) in the swine industry. Results suggest latent associations consumers possess between gestation crate use and perceptions of food safety, pork quality, and farm size are more influential determinants of ban support than observable socioeconomic factors. Implications for consumer groups, policy makers, and the swine industry are assessed. Moreover, several suggestions for valuable future research are outlined.     

On mandatory labeling of animal welfare attributes

This paper assesses US resident support for mandatory labeling of animal welfare information on pork and egg products and outlines policy considerations for assessment prior to implementing any mandatory labeling policies regarding animal welfare practices. Results suggest consumers support mandatory labeling indicating use of gestation crates (stalls) and laying hen cages. Estimates suggest consumers would be willing to pay about 20% higher pork and egg prices to obtain this production practice information. Demographic and latent perception drivers of this support are highlighted. Multiple issues that warrant consideration prior to imposing mandatory labeling are discussed revealing lines of corresponding future research.     

Irrigation,agricultural performance and poverty reduction in China

The overall goal of our paper is to understand the impact that irrigation in China has had on grain production and incomes, in general, and income and poverty alleviation in poor areas, in particular. The paper seeks to meet three objectives. First, we describe the relationship among irrigation status, yields and household crop revenue. Second, we seek to understand the magnitude and nature of the effect that irrigation has on yields and crop revenue. Finally, we seek to understand the impact that irrigation has on incomes in poor areas. Our analysis shows that irrigation contributes to increases in yields for almost all crops and in income for farmers in all areas. The importance of crop income in poor areas and the strong relationship between crop revenue and irrigation provides evidence of the importance of irrigation in past and future poverty alleviation in China. We also show that in the majority of the villages that invested in new irrigation, returns are positive even after accounting for increases in capital and production costs.     

DHA,EPA对耐力训练小鼠抗氧化能力影响的实验研究

观察多不饱和脂肪酸DHA(二十二碳六烯酸)、EPA(二十碳五烯酸)对耐力训练小鼠抗氧化能力的影响。将小鼠随机分组,进行耐力训练后测定血浆和红细胞中脂质过氧化物丙二醛(MDA)的含量,肝脏、心肌、骨骼肌中MDA的含量、SOD(过氧化物歧化酶)活性及GPX(谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶)活性。训练结束即刻,训练组MDA含量、SOD活性及肝组织GPX活性显著升高;训练结束24h,训练组MDA含量、SOD活性及GPX活性降低。尤其对于饲加DHA,EPA鼠料组,MDA含量下降更为明显,其骨骼肌组织中SOD活性明显高于对照组。较大强度运动训练使机体内自由基生成增多,长期训练可增加机体清除自由基的能力,DHA,EPA有增加组织SOD活性和GPX活性的趋势。     

Trans fat in foods in Iran,South-Eastern Europe,Caucasia and Central Asia: a market basket investigation

Efforts to minimize the intake of industrial trans fat (I-TF) worldwide and thereby decrease the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) have recently been intensified by the WHO and other organizations. The purpose of this study was to estimate the amounts of I-TF in biscuits, cakes and wafers in Iran, Turkey and Greece and to examine the recent changes made to these food products in some of the countries of the former Soviet Union and the former Yugoslavia, where these food products were previously investigated for I-TF. Three large supermarkets were visited or revisited in each of the countries’ capitals from 2014 to 2019. Pre-packaged biscuits, cakes and wafers were purchased if the list of ingredients mentioned partially hydrogenated fat or a similar term, including margarine, refined fat or confectionery fat, and the product contained more than 15 g of total fat per 100 g of product. Samples of the foods were subsequently analysed for trans fat (TF).In 84 different products in Iran, TF was between 2% and 5% of total fat. In Turkey, 6 different products had TF between 2% and 5%, and in Greece, 11 products had TF between 2% and 20%. This finding is in stark contrast to the findings of 2% to 50% TF found in 50–100 products in Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Armenia, Georgia, Serbia, Slovenia, and Croatia in 2014–2015. In the 7 latter countries, there was a 40–80% decline in the presence of TF from 2014/2015 to 2016/2019, but the findings indicate that in 2018/2019, high amounts of TF were still present in popular foods in some of these countries.     

入世后河北省铸造业的应对措施

讨论了加入世界贸易组织后,河北省铸造业所面临的机遇与挑战,分析了河北省乃至全国铸造业的现状和与国外存在的差距。根据世贸组织规则和铸造业特点及河北省具体情况,提出了河北省铸造业发展的措施和建议,例如:我国铸件生产能力大,但开工明显不足;铸件质量低、价格低、竞争能力低,同时面临世界铸件需求旺盛的机遇。文中从厂点布局、管理水平、铸件精度、环保意识、现代企业制度的建立等方面进行了分析。     

A comparison of selected Western and Chinese smart governance: The application of ICT in governmental management,participation and collaboration

There has been increasing scholarly interest in the concepts and practices of smart governance. However, there is a lack of comparative studies of smart governance in different institutional contexts. This study develops a framework for comparing smart governance in different institutional and technological contexts. Comparative and discourse analyses are conducted to understand the similarities and differences of smart governance practices in selected Western countries and China. A key finding of this study is that different institutions have largely affected smart governance strategies, arrangements and outcomes. Smart governance is tightly linked with e-governance and e-democracy in some Western countries, while it officially emphasizes smart management and service in China. A common aspect is that the increasing use of social media, smartphones, portals, crowdsourcing platforms, and planning support systems have generally promoted smart governments and services, e-participation, and wider collaboration through both top-down and bottom-up approaches. This could lead to gradual changes in government organizations, new relations between governments, the private sector and citizens, and improvements in the city.     

The gap not only closes: Resistance and reverse shifts in the digital divide in Russia

The reduction of the digital divide due to the availability of the Internet and the improvement of skills is accompanied by reverse and resistance trends associated with the influence of socio-demographic and economic characteristics of users. In this paper, we estimate the volume and dynamics of the digital divide in access and use of the Internet in Russia by key social groups according to a longitudinal survey for 2008–2018. We found that along with the reducing of the digital divide, its gaps still remain. The greatest polarization is associated with the income, age, and type of residence of the respondents. The most vulnerable social groups on access to ICTs and Internet use are the low-income, the elderly, citizens with disabilities, and those living in rural areas. The reverse shifts in the digital divide were recorded mainly in relation to the Internet usage by age between the middle-age and youth and by gender. In addition, we pointed out the most resistance social groups to reduce the digital divide in the period under review, in particular, by income and type of residence of the respondents. The findings contribute to an understanding of the dynamics and social consequences of the digital divide and can be taken into account in social policy and measures.     

Food for thought: Robots,jobs and skills in food and drink processing in Norway and the UK

There is intense debate surrounding digitalisation and its implications for work. However, empirical research within established workplaces, especially international comparative studies, remains limited. This article uses cross-country research to further analysis of the relative importance of different institutions, actors and power relations in shaping digitalisation and worker outcomes. Through a multi-level approach, it compares the use of industrial robots in the food and drink processing sector in Norway and the UK. Drawing on qualitative research, it explores the pace of digitalisation, the process of implementation and job and skills outcomes. The study finds strong national differences in the pace of digitalisation, and the role of unions in the process of implementation. In Norway, union power at workplace and national level, embedded in institutional arrangements, underpins more advanced use of technology and improved outcomes for workers.