轻烷烃异构化技术及发展

论述了异构化技术在清洁汽油生产中的作用及异构化技术的发展现状，对轻烷烃异构化装置的经济性进行了简要分析；在降低重整反应温度后，液体收率，汽油收率有所提高，同时还可以延长催化剂使用寿命，使重整装置运行的经济性有较大的提高。     

烃类多支链异构化分子筛催化剂研究

本文对烷烃和烯烃类异构化分子筛催化剂进行了综述,并在烃类异构化催化剂的基础上综述了SAPO-11用于烃类多支链异构化反应的研究进展并对其活性和异构化选择性的影响因素进行了探讨。     

C5烯烃骨架异构化工艺研究进展

对c5烯烃骨架异构化反应原理、催化剂的研究进展,以及异构化的工艺现状作了探讨和综述。认为由于烯烃异构化难以避免烯烃聚合,催化剂表面积炭而导致催化剂失活,因此选择适宜的烯烃异构化催化剂是异构化工艺的关键。提出通过异构化工艺可有效提高c,馏分的综合利用率,并指出通过骨架异构可生产应用价值较高的异戊烯,有效提高石化企业的经济效益。     

过氧烷烃化学反应动力学的理论研究

在化学合成中过氧烷烃化学反应是一类较为重要的反应,具有广泛的应用。在有机过氧化物中过氧烷烃具有典型的代表意义,是整个生物体系当中的重要构成物质之一。过氧烷基的异构化反应对于研究内燃机燃烧机理有着重要的指导意义,另外过氧烷基的解离反应也是过氧烷烃化学反应当中的重要组成部分之一,它具有典型的代表性。     

热高压分离技术在芳烃异构化中的应用

指出了芳烃联合装置异构化反应系统采用冷高压分离(冷高分)工艺的不足和选用热高压分离(热高分)工艺的可行性,介绍了中国石油化工股份有限公司镇海炼化分公司芳烃装置将异构化反应系统工艺改造成热高分工艺后的实施效果.结果表明:与冷高分工艺相比,芳烃装置异构化热高分工艺改造节能效果明显,经济效益显著.     

戊烯在混合酸作用下的烷基化反应

降低车用汽油的烯烃含量，生产清洁汽油，是我国石化行业面临的重大挑战。我国车用汽油的烯烃几乎全部来自催化裂化汽油(FCC)，若将FCC中的烯烃转化为异构烷烃，可生产出低蒸汽压、高辛烷值的清洁汽油。     

正丁烯异构化生产异丁技术经济评价

ＭＴＢＥ在全球范围内的迅猛增长导致了正丁烯异构化技术的发展，目前全世界开发成功了７个异构化工艺。正丁烯异构化装置与蒸汽裂解装置联合，ＭＴＢＥ产量提高５３％，产品价值提高２０％；异构化装置与ＦＣＣ装置，ＭＴＢＥ产量提高５０％，产品价值提高９％。     

C4烯烃异构化反应器压降增大原因浅析

东营市佳昊化工有限责任公司30万t/aC4异构化联产MTBE装置于2010年11月建成投产,2010年12月以后,该装置烯烃异构化反应器压降逐渐增大。本文对压降增加的原因进行了分析,并提出了相应的处理方案。     

亚太地区汽油质量发展趋势评述

随着环境保护法规的日趋严格,新配方汽油已成为世界汽油质量的发展趋势。亚太地区的日本、澳大利亚、韩国、中国台湾省、泰国、马来西亚和新加坡等国家或地区已经或者即将实现汽油的无铅化。与亚太地区的发达国家相比,我国在汽车排放标准和汽油规格方面存在很大差距,汽油质量升级势在必行。现有炼厂应加紧技术改造,增加催化裂化、催化重整能力,增产MTBE和烷基化油,增建异构化装置生产异构化油,并采用多种方法生产高辛烷值汽油,以提高我国的汽油质量。     

叔丁醇对异戊烯异构化反应的影响

对粗异戊烯的异构化工艺进行了研究。通过在反应原料中加入少量的叔丁醇,降低了磺酸基阳离子交换树脂催化剂表面的酸性,提高了催化剂对2-甲基-1-丁烯的吸附选择性,使粗异戊烯在异构化反应中的转化率保持较高水平,显著提高了2-甲基-2-丁烯的选择性,成功地开发了一种粗异戊烯异构化反应的新工艺。在对异构化反应研究的基础上,提出了可能的反应机理。     

脱乙基型碳八芳烃异构化催化剂的工业应用

介绍了SKI-110脱乙基型异构化催化剂在芳烃联合装置异构化单元中的应用情况。结果表明,SKI-110型催化剂具有空速高、氢烃比低、提温速率慢、活性和选择性良好等优点,实现了国产催化剂性能的提升。     

Vergleichende Analyse der technisch-wirtschaftlichen Bedingungen von PV-Anlagen Mit Süd- und Ost-West-Ausrichtung

PV power plants with east-west-orientation have a lower energy production per installed kW_p due to their orientation than those facing to south. Thus they need a reduction of costs to compensate the lack of energy production and to have the same cost effectiveness as PV plants with south-orientation. This paper tries to show, how and if PV plants with east-west-orientation can be more profitable than PV plants with south-orientation. Therefore, the energy production was simulated for PV plants with an orientation to east-west and to south with different inclinations in a place with high irradiation (Freiburg) and a place with low irradiation (Hamburg). A calculation of profitability was made for each PV plant including energy production as well as ascertained costs. This are the main outcomes:

The profitability of PV plants with east-west-orientation is not better than the profitability of PV plants with south-orientation.

The profitability of PV plants with east-west-orientation is better than the one of PV plants with south-orientation when the costs of mounting systems are much lower for east-west mounting-systems than for mounting-systems with south-orientation and the costs of grid-connection and rent are high too.

The profitability of PV plants with east-west-orientation is higher in regions with low irradiation.

     

Estimation of investment costs in fish processing plants

Investment costs for fish processing plants are hereby presented along with a detailed analysis of different types of processes in relation to economies of scale.The cost-capacity factor for fish industry is estimated as 0.84, except for fish meal plants where the cost-capacity factor is 0.61.It is also discussed how technology, capacity and location in developed and developing countries can affect investment costs for fish processing plants, while cost-capacity factors remain unchanged.The concept of minimum limit for industrial capacity is included. Investment costs for minimum size plants or plants below minimum size are even greater than what would correspond to the correlation line. This is due to the need to incorporate one or more oversized pieces of equipment.     

动植物纹样在民间服饰中运用与研究

动植物吉祥纹样是渗透于生活之中的艺术,它历史悠久,具有质朴的生活情趣和独特的艺术风格,成为中华民族民间文化艺术的明珠。文章主要考察了江南大学民间服饰传习馆中的数百种藏品,从我国传统动植物结合纹样在民间服饰中的外观体现谈起,着重论述了动植物结合纹样在头饰、上装、下装、鞋子的上体及其所要表达的吉祥观念,最后阐述了动植物吉祥纹样在现代服装设计中的运用。     

城镇污水处理厂监管问题探讨

城镇污水处理厂的正常运行是保证区域环境质量达标的关键。指出了当前污水处理厂监管、运行存在的问题,提出了污水处理厂应实行企业化运作的见解,阐述了政府各部门在城市收水系统中各自的职能和分工,并对污水处理厂超标排放的处罚措施进行了探讨。     

采油厂质量文化建设的思考

从促进工作效率提升、增强队伍凝聚力、激发员工创新力3个方面阐述了推进采油厂质量文化建设的意义,并从领导重视、培训宣贯、基础制度建设等方面对采油厂推进质量文化建设的方法和途径进行了论证。指出,采油厂只要将质量文化建设贯穿于油田开发工作始终,积极营造富有生机、充满活力的质量文化氛围,就能促进采油厂"有质量、有效益、可持续发展"。     

中水回用于火电厂循环冷却水的现状和经济性研究

火力发电厂用水量的约70％为对水质要求不高的循环冷却水，城市中水经过简单的处理即可作为循环冷却水使用。介绍了目前中水作为循环冷却水的技术现状及几种成熟的电厂中水回用处理工艺，探讨其存在的问题以及中水作为循环冷却水与其他传统的冷却方式的经济性比较。     

Utilization of R&D Results in the Home and Foreign Plants of Multinationals

This paper analyzes the utilization of R&D results in the home and foreign plants of Swedish multinational enterprises (MNEs). The findings indicate that firms' R&D undertaken in the home country is used as an input in both the home and foreign plants of the MNEs. This suggests that technology is transferred to the foreign plants. Around four-fifths of the gain in value-added attributed to home R&D was realized in the MNEs' home plants, while the remaining fifth benefitted the foreign plants. R&D in foreign affiliates does not appear to be used as an input in home plants.     

Gleichzeitigkeit als Leistungsgröße: Inter- und Intra-Klassen-Leistung volatiler EE-Einspeiser

The energy transition focuses on the expansion and enhancement of distribution grids and the integration of decentralized renewable generation plants. The integration of decentralized plants presents a major challenge for distribution system operators in particular. The planning and dimensioning of energy grids requires knowledge of all integrated generating units and power consumers, as well as their power ratings. Furthermore, knowledge about the diversity of renewable power plant types enables distribution system operators and scientists to selectively or cumulatively assess the maximum feed-in capacity. This is particularly important for the assessment of case studies or border scenarios. The purpose of this article is the evaluation of the maximum simultaneous feed-in power of PV and wind power plants. Furthermore, the ratio of the installed power to the maximum power generated by renewable power plants is also investigated. The diversity factor describes the ratio of the sum of all individual load’s maximum powers to the number of loads. This simultaneity can also be adapted to renewable power plants. However, it is differentiated here between simultaneous power within one renewable power plant type (intra-class performance) and simultaneous power of different renewable power plant types (inter-class performance). In cooperation with one of the largest national distribution network operator, regression lines are approximated by statistical analyzes, in order to determinate the diversity of the Central German area.