对我国县级财政职能及财政制度创新的思考

文章阐述了财政职能的内涵,论述了划分为不同层级的必要性,在此基础上重点对县级财政应具有的职能进行了探讨。依据职能决定制度的原理探讨了县级财政制度创新的思路:明确划分县级财政的事权;确定县级财政的主体税种;规范县级财政转移支付制度;加强县级债务各项管理制度的建设;强化县级财政的预算自主权等。     

县级财政推行内部控制难点及建议

随着财政改革的不断完善和深入,公共财政体系建设也取得了重大成就,财政部门为降低风险,提高工作效率,进一步推行了财政内部控制体系建设。通过实践发现,县级财政部门在推行内控建设时存在各项不足。文章从县级财政内控体系建设入手,结合县级财政状况,分析推行内部控制建设存在的问题,并提出具体的解决建议和措施。     

论县级财政内部控制制度设计与执行

县级财政作为承上启下的一级财政,在国家政策贯彻和基层情况反映等方面发挥着重要作用。内部控制是企事业单位等组织加强内部管理的重要手段。对于县级财政管理而言,加强内部控制制度设计与执行,将有效促进县级财政管理质量与效率提升。文章从财政收入、财政支出、国库管理、政府债务等四个县级财政管理的主要方面,首先分析了加强县级财政内部控制建设的重要意义,进而阐明了县级财政内部控制制度设计与执行方面的主要问题,在此基础上提出了不断改进与加强县级财政内部控制制度设计与执行的主要措施。     

浅析县级财政支出制度改革

县级财政支出制度在县级财政制度体系中居于核心地位,决定和影响着财政收入、转移支付、财政预算管理及财政债务等制度。笔者结合自己的工作,指出了了当前我国县级财政支出制度改革的必要性,并提出了相应的策略。     

摆脱县级财政收支困境的路径

县级财政收支矛盾早已存在，农村税费改革使这一问题突显出来。笔认为造成县级财政收支困难最根本的原因在于现行财政体制不适应已经发生重大变化的现实，要摆脱县级财政收支困境，须从以下几方面着手。     

新疆财政风险的评估

本文认为,财政风险从本质上是财政分配活动中权利和责任的背离和错位,从而导致财政功能弱化的一种状况。不同地区财政职能的具体内容各异,这就要求财政风险的评估思路和评估体系各异。新疆的区情决定了其财政职能的特殊性,该特殊性必须在新疆财政风险评估中得到凸显。本文基于新疆财政的特殊性视角下对风险评估思路和指标体系进行了创新性探索,并以此为依据客观评估了新疆的整体风险和地州风险。     

县级财政同级审计问题探讨

在县级审计工作中,县级财政同级审计工作是中心环节和重要组成部分,直接关系到县级财政体系能否得到有效监控,关系到国家整体财政运行的安全和质量。因此,党和政府越来越重视县级财政同级审计工作,县级财政同级审计工作虽然取得了一定的成绩,但只有在总结经验教训的基础上,继续完善各项机制,同时加强审计队伍建设,积极引入新观念、新技术,才能真正为繁荣县域经济以及促进城乡一体化新格局的发展起到保驾护航的作用。     

关于我省县级财政的考察报告

县级财政（包括县级市、区财政，以下相同）在我国财政和国民经济中有着十分重要的地位和作用。县级财政是国民经济的基本要素，是国家财政的基础环节。它的状况，影响着县域经济的振兴，影响着农村现代化的进程，影响着整个国民经济的发展，关系到我国广大基层干部和广大农民的切身利益，关系到我国县乡基层政权的巩固，关系到社会的安定团结。改革开放以来，湖南省县级财政发展是比较快的，全省122个县市区，从1994年至1998年，县级财政收入从对亿元增长到94亿元，每年平均增长18％，县级财政支出从80亿元增加到130亿元，每年平均增长18．…     

2010—2020年我国县级政府财政压力演变分析

县级行政单位是我国经济发展和社会治理的基本单元,深入了解县级政府财政压力变化对于优化财政政策以及促进县级政府财政收支平衡具有重要意义。本文通过分析全国31个省市共两千多个县级政府2010—2020年的财政收入和支出数据,发现2010-2020年全国区县的财政压力呈现出先降后升的趋势。分地区看,东部地区主要省市的区县财政压力明显小于中西部地区,全国大部分省市的区县财政压力大于全省（市）的财政压力。基于上述发现,文章从财政事权和支出责任、转移支付等方面提出政策建议。     

建立工业财政摆脱县级财政困境

一、促使农业财政向工业财政过渡是县级财政发展的必然选择 　　农业财政是县级财政发展的初级阶段,随着经济的发展和产业结构的调整,农业在国民经济中所占的比重呈下降趋势,而工业和第三产业则呈上升趋势,财源结构也相应地由以农业为主向以工业为主过渡。 　　(一 )从产业属性分析,农业产业属弱质产业,财源不稳定;而工业产业本身不存在弱质,财源较稳定。在各种产业中,农业对自然的依赖程度最大,农业本身是一种弱质产业,生产周期长、自然风险大。一个地方的农业产业结构都是经过多年形成的,要根据市场需求及时改变它比较难,一…     

取消农业税对新疆财政的影响及对策研究

从2005年起,新疆在逐步实施农业税改革的基础上正式实施取消全部农业税、牧业税和除烟叶外的农业特产税政策,这项政策的实施对减轻农民负担,提高农业竞争力等具有重要意义。但由于农业税在新疆财政中的比重较大,取消农业税将使基层政权财力不足问题更加突出。本文客观地分析了新疆财政状况,认为解决新疆财政面临的困难应寻求更多的中央转移支付,完善转移支付制度,提高新疆财政的自我造血能力。     

增值税转型对新疆财政收支影响的实证研究

我国自2004年下半年开始在东北试点增值税转型的改革拉开了增值税转型的序幕,并有望近期在全国推广。本文在分析转型对财政收入影响的机理上,通过实证分析估算出了增值税转型对新疆和地州(市)财政收支的影响程度。     

新疆非税收入运行状况分析

伴随着新疆经济的快速发展和税收规模的扩大,非税收入也呈现出快速增长的趋势,非税收入在缓解新疆地方财政支出压力、公共品融资难等方面发挥了重要作用。但在现行财税体制框架下,新疆非税收入运行中还存在诸多深层次的问题,其对外部性的校正及对经济的调节功能尚没有充分发挥。本文通过对新疆非税收入运行状况以及存在的问题和影响因素进行分析,进而提出了进一步完善非税收入管理的政策建议。     

新疆财政预决算偏离度问题研究

随着人们对财政预决算偏离度问题关注的增加，研究由此引发的对政府事权、财权、管理效率的思考就具有重要意义。近12年来，新疆财政预决算偏离度呈现增大趋势，本文对其现状及产生的原因进行了分析，并提出了相应的对策建议。     

Intra‐provincial Revenue Sharing and the Subnational Government's Fiscal Capacity in China: The Case of Zhejiang Province

This study investigates whether the tax‐sharing system has deteriorated the fiscal capacity of subnational governments by analyzing how fiscal revenues are divided between provincial and sub‐provincial governments. Our study of county‐level fiscal data from Zhejiang Province in China during 1994–2007 shows that intra‐provincial revenue‐sharing rules favor county governments in two ways: (i) they improve county governments ‘fiscal autonomy in terms of using their own revenues; and (ii) they enhance county governments ‘fiscal capacity through province‐to‐county general transfers. In addition, we find that intra‐provincial fiscal revenue‐sharing rules and transfers reduce fiscal disparity between counties.     

新疆吐鲁番地区农村国债发行情况调查分析

多年来，国债一直是城镇居民投资的热点，农村居民购买国债难的问题日趋突出。一方面，城市内的银行机构承担着国债承购包销任务却完不成承销计划；而另一方面却是农村居民想买而买不到国债。本文对这一问题的深层次原因及农村居民购买国债的可能性进行了分析，在此基础上，提出了拓宽农村居民购买国债渠道的几点建议。     

Fiscal decentralization and local expenditure policy in China

Since the tax-sharing reform in 1994, the Chinese fiscal system has exhibited a marked vertical fiscal imbalance—a mismatch between expenditure and revenue assignments—at the local levels, which may cause the common-pool problem in local governments' behavior. Using a large fiscal dataset at the county level from 1997 to 2006, this paper studies the effects of fiscal decentralization on local expenditure policy and analyzes how the vertical fiscal imbalance shapes these effects. The estimation results show that expenditure decentralization increases government spending and leads to a fund allocation with a larger weight on capital construction and smaller weights on education and administration. In contrast, revenue decentralization has little influence on local government expenditures. We show that the differences in the effects of expenditure and revenue decentralization can be attributed to the distortionary effects caused by the vertical fiscal imbalance and, thus, offer support to the importance of the common-pool problem at the county level of China's fiscal system.     

Japanese fiscal reform: fiscal reconstruction and fiscal policy

This paper evaluates the recent movement of Japanese fiscal reform. We first summarize fiscal policy in 1990s. Then, we investigate several relevant topics of fiscal policy such as the macroeconomic impact of government debt and the sustainability problem. We then consider dynamic properties of fiscal reconstruction process by analyzing the dynamic game among various interest groups. This paper points out that the long-run structural reform is more important than the short-run Keynesian policy in Japan.     

Decomposing local fiscal multipliers: Evidence from Japan

Recent studies on fiscal policy use cross-sectional data and estimate local fiscal multipliers along with spillovers. This paper estimates local fiscal multipliers with spillovers using Japanese prefectural data comparable with the national accounts. We estimate the local fiscal multiplier on output to be 1.7 at the regional level. We decompose the regional fiscal multiplier into the prefectural fiscal multiplier and the region-wide effect. Converting the latter component into the spillover, we find that the spillover is positive and small in size. We also decompose the regional fiscal multiplier on output into multipliers on the expenditure components. Our estimates suggest that there are crowding-in effects of government spending on consumption and investment. Moreover, we find that the regional fiscal multiplier on absorption exceeds 2.0 and that the spillover to absorption is considerable in contrast to the spillover to output.     

Fiscal decentralization, revenue and expenditure assignments, and growth in China

Theory suggests that a close match between revenue and expenditure assignments at sub-national levels benefits allocative efficiency, and hence economic growth. That is, a convergence of revenue and expenditure assignments at sub-national levels of government should, according to the theory, be positively associated with a higher growth rate. In the case of China, this paper shows, divergence, rather than convergence, in revenue and expenditures at the sub-national level of government is associated with higher rates of growth. A panel dataset for 30 provinces in China is used to examine the relationship between fiscal decentralization and economic growth over two phases of fiscal decentralization in China: (1) 1979–1993 under the fiscal contract system, and (2) 1994–1999 under the tax assignment system. The seeming contradiction between the theory and evidence in the China case is reconciled by taking into account the institutional arrangements that prevailed during the two phases of fiscal decentralization, in particular the inconsistency between the assumptions of the theory of fiscal decentralization and the institutional reality of China.