效率工资的博弈思想及其制度安排

"以人为本"为核心的用人激励机制,正在全世界范围内广泛兴起。近年来,效率工资作为一种新型激励创新制度,为许多理论者和实践者所推崇。本文主要讨论效率工资形成的博弈思想和作用机理以及我国实行效率工资的制度安排。     

效率工资模型比较分析

效率工资是现代企业人力资源管理的工资激励制度,本文通过对效率工资原理的简单叙述,总结了效率工资的两个基本假设条件。对效率工资五个模型进行分析,得出效率工资个模型中存在的问题以及理论中存在的不足。     

浅谈高工资下低成本效应

效率工资理论认为高工资意味着低成本,而不是高成本,显然不符合传统经济学的逻辑。事实证明,高工资已经成为企业吸引人才、留住人才的有力武器。有效解决企业监控员工的困难,挖掘员工潜力,促使员工努力工作,避免员工偷懒,具备激励功效和约束功效。那么高工资是如何做到降低劳动成本的,现从财务视角出发,分析实行高工资的利弊,并给出建议,以期促进企业长久、持续、高速发展。     

简述效率工资理论及其对我国就业问题的启示

新凯恩斯主义者从微观角度出发提出效率工资理论,试图以劳动力市场的信息结构来解决非自愿性失业和工资粘性问题。效率工资理论是新凯恩斯主义理论的重要组成部分,对我国现存的民工荒、大学生就业难等问题具有较强的解释和借鉴意义。文章结合中国具体国情,简要阐述效率工资理论,同时对我国出现的一些就业问题提出相应的解决措施和建议。     

新古典工资决定理论的缺陷与马克思工资决定理论的替代性解决

解释工资差异的理论同时就是解释工资决定的理论。在新古典工资决定理论中,边际生产力工资理论只能解释劳动力质量不同造成的工资差异,不能解释劳动力质量相同时的工资差异现象。新古典经济学新发展的工资理论中,只有补偿工资理论专门针对同质劳动力工资差异进行了解释,而效率工资、竞赛工资、资历工资等理论并没有明确区分两种不同类型的工资差异。各种新古典工资理论由于都建立在不符合现实的假定基础上,不能很好地解释现实中的工资决定和工资差异。马克思的工资理论对劳动力价值和劳动力价格进行了区分,能对两种不同类型的工资差异做出更符合实际的解释。     

效率工资在我国实际效用的实证分析

本文选取了1999-2012年捐国有及国有控股企业、私营企业、国有及国有控股企业的相关数据，建立效率工资模型，分别对这三大类型企业的的利润和工资进行回归分析，结果表明工资与企业的利润呈现正相关，即增加职工工资可以提高企业利润，所以实行效率工资对我国企业的长期发展有积极作用。     

企业家报酬决定中市场标准的权变作用

企业家报酬的决定有着不同的标准 ,按照劳动经济学的观点 ,企业家市场薪酬决定了企业家报酬。在报酬实践中 ,市场工资率的概念也是牢固确立的。基于这种理论 ,应当实行企业家报酬的市场化 ,其实质就是企业家的工资完全由市场决定 ,而不是由政府或者某些部门统一规定     

泉州民营企业实行效率工资的必要性分析

泉州民营企业人员工资水平总体偏低,没有实施效率工资,这是导致人员流失率居高不下的重要因素.本文从效率工资的基本定义及其利弊分析入手,以国内外企业成功实施效率工资为例,论述了泉州民营企业实施效率工资的必要性.最后,对泉州民营企业实施效率工资给出建议.     

效率工资产生激励效果的原因分析

随着社会的发展，劳动力的报酬占国民收入的比重不断上升。现代企业为了留住人才，提高生产效率，会采取不同形式进行来员工激励。在众多激励方式中，效率工资是其中常用的一种。该文对效率工资产生激励效果的原图进行分析，从而对效率工资的现实运用提出一些意见和建议。     

浅谈工资指数化问题

通货膨胀一直是经济学研究的重要问题,工资指数化是设想可减轻通货膨胀的措施之一,但对于其真正实施的效果一直存在争议,本文的目的就是探究工资指数化的优缺点以及在我国实行的前景。     

结构调整、劳动力流动与地区工资差异

从1999年到2007年间,中国东部和中西部地区之间的工资收入增长出现了明显的收敛趋势,其中的重要影响因素是什么?本文通过构建比较优势理论和新经济地理学的分析框架,分析了劳动力流动和中西部地区的工业化在中国特有条件下的作用机制。不断放松管制的劳动力流动鼓励了劳动力要素的迁移,促进了劳动力要素价格均等化的发展,中西部地区大力发展第二产业和第三产业又进一步提高了劳动力要素的报酬。假如这一局面继续维持,它将推动沿海和内地的工资收入增长的均衡发展。     

贸易增长与工资差距(1990～2009)——基于劳动禀赋结构和技术效应结构的经验研究

文章从劳动禀赋结构和技术效应结构视角建立模型,研究中国近20年贸易增长与工资差距的关系。回归、Granger检验和Chow突变点分析发现:工资差距主要受与人均GNI更高国家之间贸易占贸易总额比率的影响,两者呈负相关关系;与低技能劳动密集型产品的产值占GDP比重关系密切;同时也和加工贸易、高新技术产品贸易的增长有显著的负的线性相关关系;事实表面上有悖于实际却佐证了要素价格均等化理论和S-S定理,而被广为引用的中间产品贸易模型和贸易的科技进步效应理论在某个角度上却缺乏经验支持;全球化与"赶超"式发展必然导致工资差距进一步扩大。     

马克思劳动力价值价格界限理论初探

本文认为,马克思指出了实际生活中的工资运动不同于剩余价值生产分析中工资与劳动力价值相一致的理论假定;对现实中劳动力价值及工资运动的考察与正确把握,必须在劳动力价值价格界限的理论基础上来进行。这个理论揭示了工资由身体标准和社会标准确定,劳动力价值界限的决定要素是纯生理要素与社会历史要素;这个理论的实质,就是否定了工人所需生活资料是仅为劳动者生理需要部分提供生活资料的传统看法。如果工资没有达到劳动力两个界限所要求的内容,那么工资就低于劳动力价值,它成为工人在雇佣劳动制度下进行提高工资的斗争的理论依据。     

Trade liberalization and rising wage inequality in Latin America: Reconciliation with HOS theory

The paper puts forward the hypothesis that the transitory effects of trade liberalization on wage inequality can differ from the long-run outcome. In cases where the HOS theory predicts a decline in wage inequality in the long run, a temporary rise can, nevertheless, occur due to (i) the asymmetries in the speed of contraction in the import sector and expansion in other sectors, and (ii) the capital-skill complementarity in production. The asymmetric contraction and expansion causes a transitory capital accumulation that boosts the relative and the real wage of skilled labor due to capital-skill complementarity. Although the long-run HOS fundamentals are, therefore, dominated in the short run by the transient effects arising due to capital-skill complementarity, the observed rise in wage inequality is nonetheless consistent with the HOS theory appropriately extended to a dynamic setting.     

Are entrepreneurs influenced by risk attitude,regulatory focus or both? An experiment on entrepreneurs' time allocation

“Hybrid entrepreneurs” — those who maintain a wage job while starting a new enterprise — outnumber pure entrepreneurs in many countries. Yet, how hybrid entrepreneurs allocate their working hours between these two activities is not well understood. To better understand the relationship between hybrid entrepreneurs' division of time between their wage jobs and new enterprises we develop a model that captures hybrid entrepreneurs' decisions on the tradeoffs between financial risk and return as it relates to time allocation. We test two hypotheses based on utility theory, and challenge them with two hypotheses based on regulatory focus theory in a controlled experiment with 25 early stage entrepreneurs and 29 undergraduate students. In the computer-based experiment, entrepreneurs' and students' time allocation decisions (tied to monetary incentives) are used to test what would motivate them to work more or less hours in their entrepreneurial startups. We find that the actual time allocation decisions of the student group are somewhat in tune with utility theory, but that the entrepreneurs' time allocation decisions are better explained by regulatory focus theory.     

The Skill Structure of Export Wage Premium: Evidence from Chinese Matched Employer–Employee Data

We study how the wage gap between exporting and non‐exporting firms (export wage premium) differs across skill groups, using unique matched employer–employee data from China. We find robust evidence that exporters pay relatively higher wages than non‐exporters to more educated workers. The differences in export wage premium across education groups are sizable. Further investigations show that the positive correlation between export wage premium and education is more pronounced in sectors with higher scope for quality differentiation. This is consistent with the theory that exporters produce relatively higher quality goods which require relatively higher quality skilled workers.     

Do Newly Founded Firms Pay Lower Wages? First Evidence from Germany

Using a linked employer–employee data set for Germany, this paper analyses wage setting in a cohort of newly founded and other establishments from 1997 to 2001. While theory provides alternative explanations for higher or lower wages in newly founded firms, we show empirically that start-ups tend to pay lower wages, ceteris paribus. On average, wages in newly founded establishments are 8% lower than in similar incumbent firms. This negative wage differential is substantially smaller in eastern than in western Germany. The wage differential is shown to decline over time as the newly founded firms become more mature.     

Trade patterns,unemployment and growth

This paper analyses the implications of a minimum wage in an open economy two-sector model where the effect of growth on trade and unemployment is explicitly determined. The first-best policy is a wage subsidy to all employment while the second-best policy is a production tax cum subsidy. In the absence of policy intervention it is shown that growth in the short run results in decreasing unemployment for the home country if it is specialized in consumption goods or incompletely specialized provided that the minimum wage is binding. If the economy is specialized in investment goods, then unemployment may increase initially but as growth continues the minimum wage no longer remains binding and full employment is restored. In the long run by examining the dynamic interaction between trade and growth it is possible for the economy to be incompletely specialized with unemployment. If the economy specializes in consumption goods, it is possible for the economy to attain full employment.