CAFTA的制度约束与中新双边自由贸易区建设研究

中国—东盟自由贸易区(CAFTA)建设中存在一定的制度约束。近期内东盟内部成员国与中国外贸具有趋同性。东盟成员新加坡的双边自由贸易区建设,对于中国在执行CAFTA的同时积极关注域外双边自由贸易区的合作路径提供了可能。借鉴新加坡的双边自由贸易区建设机制,加快与韩国、日本及印度等不同发展程度国家的贸易磋商与谈判,建立CAFTA域外双边自由贸易区将是中国外贸可持续发展的有效模式。     

基于贸易引力模型的FDI与省区双边贸易流量的实证分析

运用贸易引力模型分析FDI和各省市区国际贸易的关系,对2007年我国30个省市区和26个国家或地区的双边贸易面板数据进行实证研究,结果表明各省市区FDI与国际贸易之间存在互补关系,从三大经济区域来看,东部FDI对国际贸易的弹性最大,其次是中部地区,西部地区最小。基于资源禀赋差异的垂直贸易体制加剧了FDI投资于我国的趋势。各省市区的贸易模式取决于贸易双方的经济规模和地理距离。双边贸易流量的规模与各自的经济总量呈正比,双方的地理距离(运输成本)构成了两地之间贸易的阻力因素,地理位置成为阻碍中部和西部地区国际贸易发展的重要因素。     

国内商品贸易与居民消费水平——最终消费品及中间品流通的支撑作用

构建商品自由流通的国内统一市场能够增进消费者福祉。在地区间市场开放的条件下，对于有大量商品销往外地的地区而言，其中相应产业应具有较强的竞争力，且该商品在当地的消费市场应更为发达；而当一个地区特定产业的生产规模较小时，外地商品流入将对当地的居民消费产生支撑作用。进一步地，以中间品流通为基础的国内价值链分工能够提升产品竞争力,表现为大量商品外销的地区中交通运输、批发零售等流通行业活动的中间投入需求较大。以全国31个省2007、2012年投入产出表及经济运行数据为基础构建计量模型进行实证分析，结果印证了上述地区间商品贸易与居民消费水平间的关系机制。由此可以说明，促进地区间最终商品和中间品市场整合对于提升居民消费具有积极意义。     

自贸区设立与经济高质量发展——基于FTA建设的准自然实验证据

以不同地区相继实施的自贸区战略为准自然实验，运用多期双重差分法考察了自贸区政策对经济高质量发展的影响。实证结果表明：自贸区建设能够显著提高地区经济高质量发展水平。基于金融资源配置效率和股东属性的分组检验显示：与国有企业相比，自贸区战略对非国有企业所在区域的经济高质量发展作用相对更大；与金融资源配置效率较低的地区相比，自贸区设立对金融资源配置效率较高地区的经济高质量发展影响相对更明显。进一步中介效应模型显示自贸区提升经济高质量发展水平主要通过提高地区的直接投资比重、企业的专利申请量和资本配置效率三个机制共同实现。基于金融资源配置效率视角对作用机制的检验结果表明，自贸区战略对金融资源配置效率较高地区的经济高质量发展的积极作用更显著。     

区域发展视角下对外贸易的空间溢出效应研究--以成渝城市群为例

为检验进出口贸易对成渝城市群的空间溢出效应,收集2010—2018年成渝城市群42个市(区)的面板数据,建立空间杜宾模型进行实证检验。研究结果显示:成渝城市群的经济增长存在显著的空间相关性;进口贸易对其经济增长具有显著的正向直接效应和间接效应,即进口贸易不仅能促进本地区的经济增长,而且能促进邻近地区的经济增长;出口贸易存在负的间接效应,说明出口贸易抑制了相邻区域的经济增长,这是生产要素和经济活动向中心地区聚集的结果。因此,成渝城市群应采取有效措施加强各地区的交流与联系,充分利用进出口贸易的外溢效应促进地区经济增长。     

The effects of cross-regional free trade agreements under a vertical industry structure

This paper examines the effects of a cross-regional free trade agreement (FTA) on tariffs, welfare, and the incentives for multilateral free trade in a three-country model with a vertical industry structure. We show that the FTA induces member countries to reduce their tariffs on nonmember countries. On the other hand, a nonmember country lowers its tariff on final-good imports, but raises its tariff on intermediate-good imports. Also, the FTA makes member and nonmember countries better off. After the FTA is enacted, member and nonmember countries have an incentive to support multilateral free trade, so an FTA acts as a building block for multilateral trade liberalization.     

Province-Level Impacts of Canada’s Trade Agreements

Given Canada’s extended geography and regional economic diversity, individual provinces have differing exposures to particular international trade agreements. We demonstrate this by estimating the impacts of the Canada-Korea free trade agreement on the province of Ontario, using a dynamic general equilibrium model to generate Canada-level impacts, which are then decomposed on the basis of partial equilibrium model simulations on a trade dataset in which Ontario is represented as a separate international trading entity. We show that geography and sectoral specialization matter and that general equilibrium effects must be taken into account in partial equilibrium assessments of sectoral impacts of major trade agreements.     

Do deeper regional trade agreements enhance international technology spillovers?

We examine whether regional trade agreements (RTAs) enhance international technology spillovers using a panel of patent citation data for 114 countries/regions for the period 1991–2007. We use patent citations as a proxy for technology spillovers. The focus of this study is on whether the depth of regional integration matters for technology spillovers among member countries/regions of RTAs. The depth of integration is measured by the extent to which an RTA includes legal obligations outside the current mandate of the World Trade Organization. We find that the depth of integration actually influences technology spillovers and that a deeper integration in a broad sense has a greater impact on technology spillovers than do technology‐related provisions.     

The regional trade dynamics of Turkey: a panel data gravity model

This paper analyzes the Turkish export and import flows with regard to regional clusters (RCs) and bilateral trade costs (BTCs) by using a panel data gravity model. We study the role of RCs and BTCs in two complementary parts: in the first part, we use an unbalanced panel data for 180 countries over the period 1960–2012, compiled from the DOTS database. We extend these estimations by running the data at four different time intervals, each representing different economic or political regimes in Turkey. In the second part, we repeat the same exercise at sectoral level for 176 countries over the period 1994–2010, using the BACI database. Aggregate estimates show that the gravity model is very effective in explaining the export and import flows of Turkey and that all close-by regions, including EU27, have a significant impact on trade flows of Turkey. We also find that the EU Customs Union has a negative effect on Turkish exports and a positive effect on imports. Estimates at selected time intervals reinforce aggregate estimates and sectoral level analyses indicate that while some regions contribute positively in all or the majority of sectors, others contribute negatively or produce mixed results.     

Where at home do exporters produce and export?

Foreign growth can induce changes in production structures across domestic regions through international trade. With a two‐country model with the explicit incorporation of two regions in the home country, we show that effects of foreign growth on exports and production to be possibly asymmetric among home regions. This foreign‐growth effect is especially prominent in Asia with China emerging as the largest trading country. We empirically test our theoretical hypothesis with the data set of Japanese regions. We find evidence that the growth of Asian countries leads to a change in the regional structure of exports and production in Japan. With respect to an adjacent Asian country, the growth of a foreign country exerts opposite effects on production among Japanese regions.     

产品多样性对RCEP成员出口贸易的影响研究

2020年签署的RCEP是全球规模最大的自由贸易协定,其成员国的要素差异和产品多样性将在一定程度上推进贸易发展。本文利用生物多样性的概念计算2000-2019年RCEP成员国的产品多样性,并建立多元回归模型研究产品多样性对出口贸易的影响。结果表明:产品多样性对出口额有着负向抑制作用,这种抑制作用在非东盟国家更为显著。进一步的分析表明,由于各国专业于生产某类产品,导致产品多样性下降,但专业化又推动出口贸易的发展,从而使两者负相关。基于此,本文提出了创新贸易方式,打造对外贸易新高地,推动产业链价值链合作等促进RCEP成员国贸易发展的对策建议。     

中国与南亚地区贸易竞争性与互补性实证研究

利用2000年~2016年UN Comtrade数据库提供的数据,借助显示性比较优势指数和贸易互补性指数,对中国与南亚地区贸易竞争性及互补性进行实证研究。结果表明:中国在工业制成品上存在较为明显的比较优势,南亚地区在初级产品上的比较优势较为明显,两地虽然存在着部分比较优势重叠的商品,但在整体上,中国与南亚地区间的双边贸易仍然有着较强互补关系。     

服务贸易协定承诺的覆盖率对制造业增加值出口的影响

文章借助WTO与世界银行联合建立的Integrated Trade Intelligence Portal数据库构建服务贸易协定承诺的覆盖率指标,选取Trade in value-added数据库2005年至2015年27个国家(地区)制造业增加值出口的国内增加值和国外增加值数据,通过实证分析,得出结论:(1)服务贸易协定生效在短时间内对制造业国内增加值和国外增加值出口存在显著的促进效应,且随着生效年限增加,促进效应也在加强;(2)服务贸易协定承诺的覆盖率越高,对制造业增加值出口的促进作用越强。根据国家收入水平对服务贸易协定进行分类的异质性分析结果显示:(1)发达国家(地区)与其他国家(地区)签订服务贸易协定对其制造业增加值出口的提升没有显著正向影响,甚至表现出负面影响;(2)发展中国家(地区)之间签订的服务贸易协定能够在生效2年后显著促进发展中国家(地区)制造业国外增加值出口。     

Business cycle synchronisation in East Asia: The role of value‐added trade

We empirically investigate the relationship between business cycle synchronisation and the role of value‐added trade focusing on a panel of 12 Asian countries from 1995 to 2011. In addition, we propose the inclusion of two novel determinants, for example external value‐added trade intensity and exchange rate volatility and also saturate our empirical model with other common determinants found in the literature. Our findings first confirm that value‐added trade intensity, rather than gross trade intensity, has a sizable, positive and statistically significant impact on synchronisation among East Asian countries. Second, the exchange rate volatility has a significant negative effect on the business cycle synchronisation, which verifies that the exchange rate volatility is another important determinant of business cycle synchronisation. Our findings have important implications for the monetary cooperation in the region: strengthening trade linkage could reduce the costs of monetary cooperation by increasing the incidence of symmetric shocks.     

The effects of trade agreements on the growth of major Latin American economies

While the connection between trade openness and economic growth is generally assumed to be positive, empirically, it is not clearly demonstrable. Examinations of the relationship between trade and growth have taken a number of approaches, differing both in the empirical methods, as well as the proxies employed for trade openness, trade liberalization, and growth, but results have been decidedly mixed. Our research differs from prior studies in that it does not examine whether trade policy, trade liberalization or the level of trade itself enhances GDP; but rather whether participating in a specific type of trade agreement/union and/or the number of trade agreements to which a given country or region belongs enhances a country's level of growth. For this purpose, we study the relationship between trade agreements and growth for 18 Latin American countries between 1960 and 2008. Empirical analysis uses an adaptation of the neoclassical Solow growth model. Even though supporters of globalization advance the notion that involvement in trade agreements will help a country's economy, our findings suggest that that may not be consistently so.     

中国分地区进出口贸易与经济增长关系研究

从1981～2004年的统计数据看，我国同亚洲、非洲、欧洲、拉丁美洲、北美洲和大洋洲地区的进出口贸易与我国经济增长之间具有内在关系。我国同各地区的进出口贸易对经济增长的贡献存在明显差异。就长期而言，我国对欧洲地区的出口贸易对经济增长的贡献率最大，进口方面则是从北美洲的进口对我国经济增长的贡献率最大。这一结论为我国贸易政策的分地区调整提供了实证依据。     

Rue the ROOs: Rules of origin and the gains (or losses) from trade agreements

ABSTRACT

This article provides three-good, three-country examples of trade in both intermediate inputs and final goods. These show the adverse effects that rules of origin (ROOs) can have, even in a world where every country has a free trade agreement (FTA) with every other country. ROOs may cause ubiquitous FTAs to yield a level of welfare, for everyone, that is worse than if there were no FTAs at all, and all trade were subject to common nondiscriminatory tariffs. Thus, the move to an ever increasing number of FTAs may be reducing world welfare.     

外资企业对外贸易与经济增长关系的区域差异分析——基于我国东部和西部地区面板数据的检验

外资企业对外贸易对经济增长的拉动作用已经越来越被理论和实践所证明,但外资企业对外贸易对不同区域经济增长的差异性表现却没有引起足够的重视。本文基于我国东部和西部地区的区域差异,试图从理论与实证的角度就外资企业对外贸易对不同区域的经济影响进行研究,运用面板数据单位根检验、协整检验与误差修正模型,对东部地区和西部地区的外资企业对外贸易与经济增长的长期关系和短期关系进行了比较分析。揭示出由于技术及产业结构等因素,东部地区已经形成外资企业对外贸易对经济增长的良好促进机制,而西部地区尚未形成。在此基础上,本文提出了通过技术提高产业结构升级促进各地区外资企业对外贸易发展和经济增长的相关政策建议。     

Trade and the distribution of human capital

We develop a two-country, two-sector model of trade where the only difference between the two countries is their distribution of human capital endowments. We show that even if the two countries have identical aggregate human capital endowments the pattern of trade depends on the properties of the two human capital distributions. We also show that the two distributions of endowments also completely determine the effects of trade on income inequality. We also look at a simple majority voting model. It turns out autarky and free trade with and without compensation may be the voting outcome.     

安徽省进口贸易发展现状研究

改革开放以来,安徽省的进口贸易发展迅速,尤其是我国加入WTO之后,安徽省对外开放程度进一步加深。从进口贸易总量、进口贸易国别、进口商品结构等方面对安徽省进口贸易的发展变化及其特点进行实证分析。