信息不对称下供应链信用激励契约的数学模型分析

通过委托-代理理论来分析在信息不对称的情况下,零售商和供应商之间是如何进行博弈的,通过建立博弈模型来分析在显性和隐性的两种激励制度下两者是如何达到一种契约的。并分析声誉效应和棘轮效应对激励效果产生的影响,通过显性和隐性的激励来观察对零售商是否有作用,并且观察作用的大小。     

高管激励、非效率投资与公司业绩

从代理理论出发,以2001--2010年A股上市公司的数据为研究样本检验高管激励方式、非效率投资与公司业绩之间关系,研究结果表明：显性激励和隐性激励对于投资效率和公司业绩的影响是不同的,显性激励能够通过提升投资效率来改善公司业绩,而隐性激励则没有这样的作用;在不同所有制样本中,隐性激励对国有企业影响更大,而显性激励对非国有企业影响更大。     

考虑消费者购买行为的新能源汽车供应链最优控制决策

面对日益激烈的市场竞争和多样化市场需求,新能源汽车除了应对传统燃油车的竞争,还面临新能源汽车企业间的竞争。因此,基于消费者心理行为驱动的新能源汽车供应链成员之间的创新和广告投入合作变得尤为重要。为此,从消费者视角,即从满意度和参考价格效应出发,分析新能源汽车制造商和零售商组成的两级供应链合作决策问题,通过建立Nash非合作博弈、Stackelberg主从博弈以及集中决策三种博弈模型,并运用最优控制理论得到了供应链成员的最优均衡策略。分析结果表明：参考价格效应对新能源汽车制造商的技术创新水平、广告宣传水平和消费者满意度都有正向影响,并且可以提高整个供应链的利润。新能源汽车制造商对零售商的成本分担承诺能激励零售商的广告宣传积极性,提高新能源汽车的品牌知名度,从而促进新能源汽车的销售。消费者满意度与参考价格效应之间存在交互作用,进一步强化了对新能源汽车制造商技术创新水平和零售商广告宣传水平的激励作用。     

基于皮格马利翁效应的企业员工隐性激励机制研究

皮格马利翁效应的运用已由心理学、教育学扩展到社会学和管理学等领域,在企业员工激励中正确运用皮格马利翁效应能弥补显性激励的不足。本文通过迁移布罗菲和古德的"五步模型",分析皮格马利翁效应的循环模型,探讨了企业人力资源管理中皮格马利翁效应的传导机制及影响因素,提出了建立员工隐性激励机制的对策。     

企业年金基金投资中的道德风险与激励机制

道德风险成为基金治理结构中的核心问题之一。文章通过建立不同的博弈模型对企业年金基金投资中的道德风险进行了分析,得出以下结论:在固定报酬机制下,投资管理人的道德风险是存在的;显性激励报酬模型对道德风险的有效性需要满足一定的条件;基于声誉效应与棘轮效应对激励的相反作用,可以采用投资管理人市场的业绩相对评价体系。     

研究型大学、教师行为与科研激励合同：基于委托代理关系的分析

作为研究型大学的主体,教师的行为受到科研激励机制的影响。大学通过激励机制来规范教师的行为,教师则通过自身的努力获取收益和规避风险。文章基于大学和教师之间的委托代理关系,在不对称信息条件下探讨大学和教师应如何订立科研激励合同。结果表明：当不考虑监控成本时,在最优显性激励合同中加入外控变量可以使得风险成本和激励成本下降,从而降低代理成本。在大学和教师的长期合作中,则必须充分发挥隐性激励合同的作用。     

隐性课程与显性课程关系及对学生作用的研究

本文通过对隐性课程与显性课程的分析,进一步明确了两者的内涵和特征,阐述了隐性课程与显性课程之间的关系,并在这个基础上对隐性课程与显性课程对学生的影响作用进行了一定的阐述。     

管理层权力与管理者激励的研究:一个文献综述

管理层权力理论已经成为国内外解释管理者各种激励形式的基础理论。文章将管理者的激励形式分为显性激励(货币薪酬、股票期权)和隐性激励(在职消费、职位晋升),梳理了目前关于管理层权力影响管理者各种激励形式的相关文献。在此基础上,就媒体关注管理层权力对于管理者激励影响作用的调节效应,以及管理层权力影响管理者激励路径(并购、财务重述)的相关文献进行了整理。     

物流成本资源观

当前对物流成本的研究大多只是对在物流活动中所发生的显性成本,对隐性成本的认识还非常的模糊.本文提出将物流成本划分为显性成本和隐性成本,而隐性成本又可分为物流系统损耗和物流引致成本,并分析了显性成本与隐性的关系（杠杆效应）,最后提出将显性成本视为资源的新观点.     

企业视角下个体技能型隐性知识的共享策略探索

隐性知识是高度个性化的非编码型知识。隐性知识的共享程度,是企业创造可编码型显性知识的关键,也是企业赢得长期成长的关键。本文通过对隐性知识分类引出个体技能型隐性知识理论,构建了企业员工的技能型隐性知识的分享意愿博弈模型,并在此基础上,研究了企业实施个体技能型隐性知识共享的策略。     

Incumplimiento del salario mínimo en Europa central y oriental

En este estudio se analiza el incumplimiento del salario mínimo durante el periodo 2003–2012 en diez países de Europa central y oriental con salario mínimo obligatorio nacional. A partir de los datos de EU‐SILC y la metodología propuesta por Bhorat, Kanbur y Mayet (2013), se cuantifica la incidencia y magnitud del incumplimiento. Se realizan análisis de regresión sobre determinantes individuales, laborales y macroeconómicos. Aunque la incidencia permanece relativamente baja, los trabajadores a los que se dirigen las políticas de salario mínimo parecen los más expuestos a su incumplimiento. Con el tiempo, una mayor incidencia se asocia a una razón más alta entre salario mínimo y salario medio.     

Value at Risk in the Suburbs: Eminent Domain and the Geographical Politics of the US Foreclosure Crisis

Several US counties and local governments have recently considered a novel solution to the foreclosure crisis. They plan to use eminent domain to compel the owners of mortgage debt—and specifically of private‐label mortgage‐backed securities—to sell the debt to the government at a price reflecting the loan's market value. The government would then restructure the debt and resell it to new investors. The plans are striking because—in contrast to both development‐driven eminent domain and the federal subprime bank bailout—they would force investors to assume asset devaluation and increased long‐term risk. Notably, the plans have emerged as an instance of financialization‐focused politics in suburbs and suburban cities of color, specifically majority‐black and ‐Latino/a suburbs. Local support for the plans, we argue, is rooted in the long‐term disinvestment of these ‘suburbs of exception', which became targets of subprime lending and eventually sites where the ‘financial exception' has been localized. But these demographic shifts, fragmentation and fiscal pressures have at the same time created a suburban political terrain in which the plans have gained their strongest political support.     

Towards a Theory of Serendipity: A Systematic Review and Conceptualization

Serendipity – the notion of making surprising and valuable discoveries – plays a major role in the success of individuals and organizations alike. Previous research has established the importance of serendipity and identified important individual- and organizational-level antecedents. However, the literature has been dispersed and the boundaries of the concept have been blurry, leading to a lack of conceptual clarity and structure, and thus limiting validity and managerial actionability. Based on a systematic literature review, I synthesize existing management-related research on serendipity and explicate the emergence and composition of serendipity in the organizational context. I first identify three necessary conditions that differentiate serendipity from related concepts such as luck or targeted innovation: agency, surprise, and value. Then, I draw from the literature on sensemaking, event-based theorizing, and quantum-based approaches to management to conceptualize the process of cultivating serendipity in the organizational context as a process of enabling potentiality and materialization, and develop a multi-level theory of (cultivating) serendipity. This conceptualization contributes to our collective understanding of how, why, and when (i.e., under what conditions) organizations can leverage the value in the unexpected, which opens up fruitful avenues for further research.     

Accountability of NGOs in Bangladesh A critical overview

NGOs in Bangladesh have been recognized as effective change agents in the socio-economic arena throughout the world. Their contributions in micro credit, non-formal education and primary health care are widely known. NGOs play a significant role in society. NGO accountability, as a result, has become a critical issue. NGO accountability in Bangladesh has been examined here in relation to patrons, clients and themselves. Of the three relationships only accountability to patrons is in a near satisfactory state. Accountability to clients is handicapped by lack of opportunities of beneficiaries to participate meaningfully in NGO policy making. Accountability to themselves is adversely affected due to the adherence to a strictly hierarchical system and the influence of founding and charismatic NGO leaders.     

Towards an Asian model of human resource management? A comparative analysis of China,Japan and South Korea

There has been much discussion regarding the possible decline and weakening of national systems of human resource management (HRM). Yet, culture and institutions are often cited as the major stumbling blocks to this outcome. Such constraints may dissipate in the analysis, particularly if ‘regional clusters’ are considered where geographic and cultural closeness and ‘openness’ to similar economic pressures exist. In such cases, it might be postulated that convergence in HRM will occur. We argue that China, Japan and South Korea represent such a cluster. This article examines these countries, to see if a degree of convergence is taking place and if it is towards an identifiable ‘Asian’ model of HRM. A model of change is presented that distinguishes between levels of occurrence and acceptance. Details of the development and practice of HRM in each country are then set out. The article ends with a discussion and implications section and a brief conclusion.     

Ansätze und Ergebnisse anglo-amerikanischer M&A-Forschung

Based on a review of established U.S. management journals (1995–2003), six schools of thought are identified within the Anglo-American M&;A research: “Capital Market”, “Principal/Agent”, “Industrial Organization”, “Organizational Behavior”, “Human Resources” and “Strategic Management”. The literature review shows that the definition of M&;A success, the methods applied, and insights from empirical research differ according to the respective school of thought. Empirical studies focus on the resource combinations of merger partners, the specific circumstances of merger negotiations, and on integration management as antecedents of merger performance. Unfortunately, empirical findings have not yet provided reliable explanations for M&;A success. Based on the current state of Anglo-American M&;A research, the authors discuss implications for business practice, identify research gaps, and propose areas for future research.     

Cultural Economy Planning in Creative Cities: Discourse and Practice

While a growing body of research analyses the functional mechanisms of the cultural or creative economy, there has been little attention devoted to understanding how local governments translate this work into policy. Moreover, research in this vein focuses predominately on Richard Florida's creative class thesis rather than considering the wider body of work that may influence policy. This article seeks to develop a deeper understanding of how municipalities conceptualize and plan for the cultural economy through the lens of two cities held up as model ‘creative cities’ — Austin, Texas and Toronto, Ontario. The work pays particular attention to how the cities adopt and adapt leading theories, strategies and discourses of the cultural economy. While policy documents indicate that the cities embrace the creative city model, in practice agencies tend to adapt conventional economic development strategies for cultural economy activity and appropriate the language of the creative city for multiple purposes.     

Introduction of New Technology with a Sound Transition of the Input-Output Structure

We examine the general equilibrium repercussions associated with the introduction of new technologies, using the generalized Leontief system that allows technological substitutions. We show that an untested introduction of cost-increasing technologies in any industry may result in creating a non-productive technological structure that does not satisfy the Hawkins-Simon condition, following the autonomous dynamic adjustment process with structural transitions in the economic system. Therefore, we propose a practicable control scheme of introducing cost-increasing technologies that strictly avoids the creation of non-productive structures in all periods of structural transition, using the available information on the ex ante technological structure.     

Input/output ranges and performance: an examination of US machine tool producers

Despite the establishment of high-tech multinational enterprises (MNEs) in Ireland since the late 1950s, the country did not succeed in closing the technological gap with most of its EU counterparts. The weak National System of Innovation (NSI), and in particular low business and government R&D levels, combined with a lack of research and technology linkages between MNEs and indigenous firms, explain these poor results. However, the Shannon region in the West of the country presents some specific institutional characteristics that could theoretically make the region a strong technological enclave. The various actors in the region - i.e. the administrative, financial, political and research institutions, as well as the business organizations - have indeed infused a new type of economic development. After a brief review of the available concepts and models articulated around these actors and their interrelationships, the paper analyses whether the Shannon region, taken as an illustrative example, mirrors a specific economic and technological localized setting. The study is based on a survey of indigenous and foreign firms.     

Sixty years of discrimination and diversity research in human resource management: A review with suggestions for future research directions

This article reviews discrimination and diversity research published in Human Resource Management (HRM) over the past 60 years. While discrimination and diversity are very different constructs, it is often informative to study them together, because when people recognize each other's diversity, this can result in bias, stereotyping, and discrimination. We conducted bibliographic searches for terms related to discrimination and diversity as well as a manual search through every title and abstract published in HRM over the last 60 years to assess article relevance. The search resulted in 135 research articles with 136 unique studies (i.e., samples) which are reviewed in this article. Sex and race are the demographics that have been examined the most in HRM, while religion has been examined the least. Moreover, the number of studies examining lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) employees in the workplace in HRM has grown quickly within the past 10 years, culminating in a recent meta‐analysis. Our review looks at some of the earliest research published, the most recent research published, and the overall trends we identified in the research over the years for both discrimination and diversity articles. We then make future research suggestions and recommendations to advance the study of discrimination and diversity in the coming years.