异质性地方政府竞争对区域绿色创新绩效的影响

基于2011～2021年我国30个省级行政区面板数据,采用空间计量模型考察异质性地方政府竞争对区域绿色创新绩效的影响。研究发现：区域绿色创新绩效存在空间相关性,经济发展水平相近省份间绿色创新绩效存在正向空间溢出,地理相邻省份间绿色创新绩效存在负向空间溢出效应;地方政府财政竞争不利于区域绿色创新绩效提升,地方政府环境竞争与地方政府服务竞争均对区域绿色创新绩效产生显著正向影响;地方政府财政竞争对区域绿色创新绩效具有负向空间溢出效应,地方政府环境竞争呈现正向空间溢出作用,而地方政府服务竞争则不存在空间相关性。基于此,应完善地方政府财政考核指标,扩大环境绩效考核指标覆盖范围,高质量推进基本公共服务均等化,助力区域绿色创新绩效提升。     

数字化转型、技术溢出与制造业企业创新绩效

以2011～2020年中国A股上市制造业企业为研究对象，构建计量模型实证分析数字化转型对制造业企业创新绩效的影响，并考察技术溢出在其中所发挥的中介效应。结果表明：数字化转型对制造业企业创新绩效具有显著提升作用，成为制造业企业提升创新绩效的新动能。数字化转型对制造业企业创新绩效的提升作用存在地区异质性、产权异质性及行业异质性，主要表现为在东部地区制造业企业、非国有制造业企业与高技术制造业中更显著。中介效应机制检验结果显示：数字化转型可通过技术溢出积累创新知识，进而提升制造业企业创新绩效。鉴于此，应夯实数字化转型基础，优化数字营商环境，降低技术溢出门槛，充分释放数字化技术创新效应，推动制造业高质量发展。     

区域创新、工业智能化与产业结构升级

本文构建了内生性区域创新能力的产出模型,对区域创新、工业智能化与产业结构升级三者之间的作用机理及空间效应进行理论分析,利用2006—2018年中国30个省份动态面板空间杜宾模型（PSDM）进行实证检验。研究结果表明：区域创新对产业结构升级具有显著的正向空间溢出效应,本地区创新水平的提升对邻近地区产业结构升级具有正向效应。另外,提升工业智能化水平能够有效促进区域创新对产业结构升级的正向激励效应,但这一激励效应存在地区异质性,即东部地区促进效果与全国层面保持一致,中部和西部地区不显著。     

制造业服务化的就业效应：空间关联、影响机制与异质性

本文基于省级层面投入产出表测算得到的制造业服务化数据,与中国工业企业数据库匹配合并,得到2000—2013年省份-行业层面面板数据,采用动态空间杜宾模型实证探讨制造业服务化对中国制造业行业就业规模的影响效应。研究发现：制造业服务化会显著提升本区域的制造业就业规模,但对于空间关联区域的劳动力市场将产生“虹吸效应”,即降低空间关联区域的就业规模。机制分析发现,制造业服务化主要通过产品创新和市场规模两条渠道来影响制造业就业。异质性分析发现,对于东部地区以及非劳动密集型行业而言,制造业服务化对就业规模的扩大作用与负向空间溢出效应并存;对于中部地区以及劳动密集型行业而言,制造业服务化只存在负向的空间溢出效应;而对于西部地区来说,制造业服务化带来的就业效应尚未显现。拓展性分析发现,服务业集聚水平的提升以及服务业的不断开放,均能显著增强制造业服务化对本区域就业带来的提升效应,同时弱化对空间关联区域劳动力市场的虹吸效应。     

FDI技术溢出效应的门限特征研究——来自中国省际面板数据的证据

已有的关于FDI(对外直接投资)技术溢出效应研究文献中,大多数学者认为FDI技术溢出会显著地促进东道主国家的经济增长,然而,利用中国1997年-2009年的省际面板数据,对FDI技术溢出效应进行研究却发现,FDI技术溢出效应在中国不同的地区存在显著差异;运用门限回归模型,从地区经济发展水平、地区开放程度、地区人力资本存量、地区金融发展程度等四个方面检验了FDI技术溢出效应的门限特征,并测算出了引发积极FDI技术外溢效应的门限水平。     

知识产权保护、FDI技术溢出与企业创新绩效

结合我国转型期的制度背景,基于中国2001—2011年的省际面板数据,运用面板门限回归模型,对FDI的技术溢出效应及不同知识产权保护水平在该效应中的影响进行检验。研究发现:知识产权保护对FDI的技术溢出存在显著的门限效应,随着我国知识产权保护力度的增强,FDI技术溢出对企业创新绩效的促进作用增大。另外,我国省际间的知识产权保护水平存在很大的差异。     

生产性服务业对制造业生产效率提升效应的实证分析——基于中国城市面板数据的空间计量分析

依托生产性服务业的发展带动制造业生产效率的提升,对于中国制造业转型升级具有重要意义。基于2005-2016年中国239个城市层面的面板数据,运用空间面板计量模型（SEM和SAR）,并且构建地理邻接与地理距离两种空间权重矩阵,实证分析了生产性服务业对制造业效率的提升作用。研究表明,生产性服务业不仅可以提升本地区的制造业效率,而且通过空间溢出效应提升其邻近地区的制造业效率。各个区域的生产性服务业对制造业效率的提升作用存在一定的差异,其中长江三角洲地区的提升作用明显高于其他地区,而中部地区的提升作用最小,并且中部地区的空间溢出效应不显著。     

产业集聚与区域创新的双向影响机制及检验——基于行业异质性视角的考察

从理论和实证两个层面考察了产业集聚与区域创新的双向影响机制及产业异质性影响。采用2006—2015年中国31个省域高技术产业细分行业的面板数据，运用面板联立方程模型和动态面板模型验证了产业集聚与区域创新的双向影响机制和产业异质性影响。研究发现，产业集聚与区域创新存在显著的双向促进作用。产业集聚通过技术溢出效应和规模经济效应促进了区域创新，区域创新通过增长极效应和知识溢出效应促进了产业集聚。产业集聚与区域创新的双向促进作用存在显著的产业异质性，不同高技术产业的集聚对区域创新的促进作用呈现出差异，同时区域创新对不同高技术产业集聚的反向影响亦呈现出差异。东部地区产业集聚与区域创新的双向影响程度相对中西部地区更大。     

低碳城市试点政策对城市绿色创新效率的影响——来自长三角地区的经验证据

基于2000—2020年长三角地区41个城市的面板数据，采用Super-SBM模型分析了城市绿色创新效率的时空演变趋势，在此基础上，运用空间渐进双重差分模型揭示了低碳城市试点政策对城市绿色创新效率的影响效应及其时空异质性。研究发现：(1)2000—2020年，长三角地区城市绿色创新效率整体呈现上升态势，绿色创新效率的空间辐射模式由“圈层扩散”向“多核心轴带扩散”转变。(2)低碳城市试点政策显著提升了长三角地区试点城市的绿色创新效率，且政策效应可持续5年，研究结论经过一系列稳健性检验后依然成立。(3)低碳城市试点的政策效应存在空间溢出效应，本城市的低碳治理将对地理相邻和经济相邻的城市溢出“制度红利”,且对地理相邻城市的绿色创新效率具有更强的激励效应。(4)低碳城市试点政策对城市绿色创新效率的激励效应和空间溢出效应受到城市资源环境属性和绿色创新效率属性的影响，其在非资源城市和高效率城市中更为显著。     

人力资本对区域经济韧性的省际溢出影响研究

随着地区经济发展面临的内外部冲击日益加剧，增强区域经济韧性显得愈发重要。基于2007—2019年中国内地30个省区市（除西藏外）的面板数据，构建空间杜宾模型，探究人力资本对区域经济韧性的空间溢出效应。研究发现：人力资本的提升不仅有助于本地区的经济韧性的提升，同时也存在正向的空间溢出作用。进一步分区域回归结果显示，东中西部地区人力资本对区域经济韧性存在显著的促进效应，且东部地区的促进效应强于中西部地区，但其空间溢出效应不显著。     

Incumplimiento del salario mínimo en Europa central y oriental

En este estudio se analiza el incumplimiento del salario mínimo durante el periodo 2003–2012 en diez países de Europa central y oriental con salario mínimo obligatorio nacional. A partir de los datos de EU‐SILC y la metodología propuesta por Bhorat, Kanbur y Mayet (2013), se cuantifica la incidencia y magnitud del incumplimiento. Se realizan análisis de regresión sobre determinantes individuales, laborales y macroeconómicos. Aunque la incidencia permanece relativamente baja, los trabajadores a los que se dirigen las políticas de salario mínimo parecen los más expuestos a su incumplimiento. Con el tiempo, una mayor incidencia se asocia a una razón más alta entre salario mínimo y salario medio.     

Cultural Economy Planning in Creative Cities: Discourse and Practice

While a growing body of research analyses the functional mechanisms of the cultural or creative economy, there has been little attention devoted to understanding how local governments translate this work into policy. Moreover, research in this vein focuses predominately on Richard Florida's creative class thesis rather than considering the wider body of work that may influence policy. This article seeks to develop a deeper understanding of how municipalities conceptualize and plan for the cultural economy through the lens of two cities held up as model ‘creative cities’ — Austin, Texas and Toronto, Ontario. The work pays particular attention to how the cities adopt and adapt leading theories, strategies and discourses of the cultural economy. While policy documents indicate that the cities embrace the creative city model, in practice agencies tend to adapt conventional economic development strategies for cultural economy activity and appropriate the language of the creative city for multiple purposes.     

Input/output ranges and performance: an examination of US machine tool producers

Despite the establishment of high-tech multinational enterprises (MNEs) in Ireland since the late 1950s, the country did not succeed in closing the technological gap with most of its EU counterparts. The weak National System of Innovation (NSI), and in particular low business and government R&D levels, combined with a lack of research and technology linkages between MNEs and indigenous firms, explain these poor results. However, the Shannon region in the West of the country presents some specific institutional characteristics that could theoretically make the region a strong technological enclave. The various actors in the region - i.e. the administrative, financial, political and research institutions, as well as the business organizations - have indeed infused a new type of economic development. After a brief review of the available concepts and models articulated around these actors and their interrelationships, the paper analyses whether the Shannon region, taken as an illustrative example, mirrors a specific economic and technological localized setting. The study is based on a survey of indigenous and foreign firms.     

Sixty years of discrimination and diversity research in human resource management: A review with suggestions for future research directions

This article reviews discrimination and diversity research published in Human Resource Management (HRM) over the past 60 years. While discrimination and diversity are very different constructs, it is often informative to study them together, because when people recognize each other's diversity, this can result in bias, stereotyping, and discrimination. We conducted bibliographic searches for terms related to discrimination and diversity as well as a manual search through every title and abstract published in HRM over the last 60 years to assess article relevance. The search resulted in 135 research articles with 136 unique studies (i.e., samples) which are reviewed in this article. Sex and race are the demographics that have been examined the most in HRM, while religion has been examined the least. Moreover, the number of studies examining lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) employees in the workplace in HRM has grown quickly within the past 10 years, culminating in a recent meta‐analysis. Our review looks at some of the earliest research published, the most recent research published, and the overall trends we identified in the research over the years for both discrimination and diversity articles. We then make future research suggestions and recommendations to advance the study of discrimination and diversity in the coming years.     

The Early History of the Cumulants and the Gram-Charlier Series

The early history of the Gram-Charlier series is discussed from three points of view: (1) a generalization of Laplace's central limit theorem, (2) a least squares approximation to a continuous function by means of Chebyshev-Hermite polynomials, (3) a generalization of Gauss's normal distribution to a system of skew distributions. Thiele defined the cumulants in terms of the moments, first by a recursion formula and later by an expansion of the logarithm of the moment generating function. He devised a differential operator which adjusts any cumulant to a desired value. His little known 1899 paper in Danish on the properties of the cumulants is translated into English in the Appendix.     

Capturing the Implications of Services Trade Liberalization

This paper evaluates the impact of service sector trade liberalization on the world economy by a ten-region, eleven-sector CGE model with import embodied technology transfer from developed countries to developing countries. Simulation results show that service sector trade liberalization not only directly affects world service production and trade, but also has significant implications for other sectors in the economy. The major channel of the impact is through inter-industry input-output relations and TFP growth induced from services imported by developing countries from developed countries, which may be embodied with new information and advanced technology.     

City Children and Genderfied Neighbourhoods: The New Generation as Urban Regeneration Strategy

Former industrial cities in the West are employing gentrification as urban policy. In these policies, women and families currently play an important role as gentrification pioneers. In my analysis of Rotterdam in the Netherlands, I propose the term genderfication to understand the gender dimensions of this process. Genderfication refers to the production of space for different gender relations. I analyse Rotterdam's urban planning program for becoming a ‘child‐friendly city’, which entails replacing existing urban dwellings with new, larger and more expensive ‘family‐friendly homes’ as a strategy for urban re‐generation. Urban re‐generation supplements regeneration in the form of material and economic restructuring, and refers to the replacement of part of the current population by a new and better suited generation. The ‘child‐friendly city program’ is considered in tandem with punitive ‘youth policies’.     

Hierarchical Models in Environmental Science

Environmental systems are complicated. They include very intricate spatio-temporal processes, interacting on a wide variety of scales. There is increasingly vast amounts of data for such processes from geographical information systems, remote sensing platforms, monitoring networks, and computer models. In addition, often there is a great variety of scientific knowledge available for such systems, from partial differential equations based on first principles to panel surveys. It is argued that it is not generally adequate to consider such processes from a joint perspective. Instead, the processes often must be considered as a coherently linked system of conditional models. This paper provides a brief overview of hierarchical approaches applied to environmental processes. The key elements of such models can be considered in three general stages, the data stage, process stage, and parameter stage. In each stage, complicated dependence structure is mitigated by conditioning. For example, the data stage can incorporate measurement errors as well as multiple datasets with varying supports. The process and parameter stages can allow spatial and spatio-temporal processes as well as the direct inclusion of scientific knowledge. The paper concludes with a discussion of some outstanding problems in hierarchical modelling of environmental systems, including the need for new collaboration approaches.     

Multinomial distributions applied to random sampling of particulate materials

When sampling a batch consisting of particulate material, the distribution of a sample estimator can be characterized using knowledge about the sample drawing process. With Bernoulli sampling, the number of particles in the sample is binomially distributed. Because this is rarely realized in practice, we propose a sampling design in which the possible samples have a nearly equal mass. Expected values and variances of the sample estimator are calculated. It is shown that the sample estimator becomes identical to the Horvitz–Thompson estimator in the case of a large batch-to-sample mass ratio and a large sample mass. Simulations and experiments were performed to test the theory. Simulations confirm that the round-off error due to the discrete nature of particles is negligible for large sample sizes. Sampling experiments were carried out with a mixture of PolyPropylene (PP) and PolyTetraFluorEthylene (PTFE) spheres suspended in a viscous medium. The measured and theoretical variations are in good agreement.