Disclosure, Corporate Governance and Foreign Share Ownership on the Zimbabwe Stock Exchange

We investigate the association of foreign share ownership with firm‐level disclosure and corporate governance structures in Zimbabwe, a developing country in Southern Africa. Our motivation for the study derives from the literature, which suggests that foreign investors: (1) generally have a preference for companies in which they are well informed and where their investments are more likely to be protected, and (2) avoid companies in developing countries because of weak corporate governance structures and low disclosure. Using data drawn from companies listed on the Zimbabwe Stock Exchange, we examine the effect of disclosure and corporate governance on foreign share ownership. We find that disclosure, proportion of non‐executive directors, institutional share ownership and audit committee independence are all positively and significantly associated with foreign share ownership. Our results also demonstrate that market capitalization, return on equity and liquidity ratios are significantly associated with foreign share ownership. These results are consistent with the notion that foreign investors have a preference for companies with effective corporate governance structures, companies with less information asymmetry, as well as companies with healthy cash positions. The results have implications for policy‐makers in developing countries in their endeavour to improve liquidity on stock markets through the participation of foreign investors. The results are also useful to managers in developing countries who are keen to increase the market value of their company, thereby reducing their cost of capital.     

上市公司会计信息披露问题研究

上市公司会计信息披露是现代资本市场监管的核心内容。目前我国上市公司会计信息披露,无论是从强制性会计披露还是从自愿性会计信息披露都存在着许多不完善的地方。为了提高我国上市公司会计信息披露的质量,必须加强上市公司的内部治理结构的完善,同时还要改善上市公司的外部治理环境。     

上市公司内部控制的信息披露研究

现如今,证券市场在推动我国经济发展方面占据了举足轻重的地位。信息披露是促进其快速发展的重要手段。但近年来,上市公司财务丑闻不断爆发,说明了我国上市公司在内部控制信息披露上存有漏洞。论文对我国上市公司内部控制信息披露现状进行分析,从披露信息的格式、内容、可参考性和内部监管力度四方面提出相应的对策及建议。     

信息披露质量与现金持有——来自深市A股上市公司的经验证据

本文以2006 ～ 2010年间深市非金融类A股上市公司为研究对象,利用深交所公布的上市公司信息披露考评结果作为信息披露质量的衡量方法,考察了信息披露质量对现金持有量的影响.研究发现,上市公司的信息披露质量与现金持有量显著负相关,即在其他条件不变的情况下,信息披露质量越高,企业持有的现金越少.这就从一个新的角度说明了提高信息披露质量确实能够减轻企业面临的信息不对称问题,从而能够缓和企业面临的融资约束问题以及股东与管理者之间的委托—代理问题.此外,研究还发现,行业竞争水平以及股权性质均对上市公司信息披露质量与现金持有量之间的关系具有显著的影响.     

Liquidity,earnings management,and stock expected returns

This paper examines the relationships among liquidity, earnings management, and stock expected returns by using a sample of Chinese listed firms to investigate 22,022 firm–year observations from 1998 to 2018. Our study reveals that an increase in stock liquidity is associated with a decrease in the degree of earnings management. This result is robust to the use of alternative measures when endogeneity concerns are controlled for. Moreover, the findings indicate that the stock liquidity component of earnings management is positively associated with future stock returns in Chinese firms. Our results reveal that the stock liquidity component of short-termism in managerial decisions plays a critical role in determining future stock returns.     

中小上市公司治理结构与会计信息透明度关系研究

完善的公司治理结构对会计信息披露有着积极的作用,会计信息披露亦有助于提高公司治理和经营管理透明度。经对2007-2010年深市样本中小上市公司Logistic回归分析,结果表明:第一大股东控制力、董事会规模和公司规模与会计信息透明度正相关;独立董事比例、董事长与总经理两职合一和资产负债率与会计信息透明度负相关;监事会规模与会计信息透明度无明显的相关性。     

股票流动性会影响公司商业信用融资吗？——基于A股上市公司的实证研究

商业信用作为企业短期外部融资的重要渠道,日渐成为学术界关注的重要话题。基于A股上市公司2007—2020年数据,实证检验股票流动性对上市公司商业信用融资的影响。研究发现：股票流动性与商业信用融资规模显著正相关,即流动性越好,商业信用融资规模越大。异质性分析结果表明：在融资约束大、行业竞争激烈以及地区市场化程度高的公司中作用更明显。机制分析结果表明,股票流动性通过降低第一类代理成本、提高信息透明度来增加商业信用融资。最后,采用工具变量法、地区固定效应以及替换关键变量等一系列稳健性检验后,结果依然存在且稳健。研究从市场微观结构角度,探索企业商业信用融资的影响因素,拓展了流动性治理相关研究,同时为缓解上市公司融资约束提供了新的经验证据。     

Do voluntary disclosures of bad news improve liquidity?

Can managers improve market liquidity and lower the cost of capital by providing voluntary earnings guidance? This study examines the impact of profit warnings on market liquidity and finds that voluntary disclosure of bad news actually improves market liquidity. By conducting an empirical study over the period 1995–2010 on NYSE, NASDAQ and AMEX listed firms, we find that firms that issue profit warnings show enhanced market liquidity during the post-announcement period. We show that profit warnings reduce information asymmetry and lower bid-ask spreads and increase trading volumes. These results are invariant to daily (short run) and monthly (long run) data after controlling for firm specific attributes. The results have major corporate policy implications. By voluntarily disclosing negative earnings guidance by managers, firms will experience significant improvement in market liquidity, thereby lowering the cost of capital. Our results are even more profound for firms that release bad news with extremely negative stock market impact. In other words, voluntary disclosure of bad news is good for market liquidity.     

关于提高创业板上市公司信息披露质量的思考

深圳创业板已经成为许多高成长性和技术创新型中小企业发展的助推器。由于这些企业入市门槛相对于主板市场而言比较低,以及其治理结构不尽合理等,导致创业板上市公司信息披露质量偏低,从而影响了上市公司的信誉及创业板市场的进一步发展。《证券法》等相关法规的制定和完善,是提高创业板上市公司信息披露质量的基础。而强化证券交易所监管职能、优化上市公司治理结构、提高信息披露相关人员业务水平等,则是解决问题的关键。     

企业代理成本与环境信息披露——基于管理层家乡情怀与市场化进程的调节效应

选取2012—2017年重污染行业上市公司的数据,基于企业内部管理层家乡情怀和外部市场化进程的调节作用,研究企业代理成本对环境信息披露质量的影响。研究结果表明：企业代理成本与环境信息披露质量负相关,环境信息披露质量会随着企业代理成本的提高而降低,而且这一效应在国有企业中更加显著;引入调节变量后,企业管理层家乡情怀与市场化进程均会对代理成本与环境信息披露之间的关系起到反向调节作用,有助于抑制企业代理成本提高所带来的不利影响。所得研究结论可以为如何降低企业代理成本、提高环境信息披露质量提供一些有益的借鉴和参考。     

董事会计师事务所工作背景与企业现金持有水平——来自中国资本市场的经验证据

基于2004—2012年我国上市公司数据,考察了董事会计师事务所工作背景对企业现金持有水平的影响。研究发现,董事会会计师事务所工作背景（董事会中是否有成员具有会计师事务所工作背景、董事会中拥有会计师事务所工作背景的董事人数、董事会中拥有会计师事务所工作背景的董事比例等）显著降低了企业的现金持有水平。进一步的分组检验结果还发现董事会计师事务所工作背景带来的现金方面的治理效应仅仅体现在高成长企业和管理层权力较大的企业之中,因为这两类企业面临的潜在代理冲突或信息不对称问题更为严重。     

会计信息披露对公司治理机制的影响

真实、完整和及时的信息披露,是上市公司治理持续有效的重要保证和促进因素。各国都将提高会计信息质量作为改善资本市场效率的一个重要措施。我国上市公司会计信息质量不高已经严重阻碍了我国资本市场的健康发展。     

上市公司审计委员会与年报风险信息披露——基于管理层信息操纵视角

上市公司年报风险信息是了解公司经营现状与预测未来发展的重要信息来源,它具有信息增量价值,但容易受到管理层信息操纵的影响。审计委员会作为公司治理的独立机制,对管理层具有内部监督作用。基于此,利用2010—2021年上市公司风险信息披露数据,实证检验了审计委员会对管理层信息操纵的治理作用。研究发现,审计委员会独立性、勤勉性和专业性越强,年报风险信息披露水平越高,且在不同性质市场环境中审计委员会的治理作用存在差异。机制检验结果表明,内部控制发挥了部分中介作用;此外,在内部治理环境较弱与外部监督压力较大时,审计委员会的治理作用更加显著。结论拓展了年报风险信息披露的影响因素研究,并通过构建不同维度的风险信息指标来综合衡量披露水平,证实了审计委员会对管理层信息操纵的治理效应,为审计委员会更好发挥监督效果以及监管部门进一步完善上市公司风险信息披露制度提供了重要支撑。     

The Economic Consequences of Increased Disclosure: Evidence from Cross-Listings of Chinese Firms

In this paper, we investigate the impact of cross‐listings on information asymmetry risk, the cost of capital and firm value of a group of cross‐listed Chinese companies. Our paper is the first to examine the effect of cross‐listing on information asymmetry risk. Because cross‐listed firms are subject to increased disclosure requirements, increased regulatory scrutiny and increased legal liability, we propose that Chinese cross‐listed firms have lower information asymmetry risk, lower cost of capital and higher firm value than their non‐cross‐listed counterparts. We find in both univariate and multivariate tests that cross‐listed firms enjoyed lower information asymmetry risk in the domestic market compared with the non‐cross‐listed firms. We also find that cross‐listed firms have lower cost of capital in the cross‐listing market than non‐cross‐listed firms in the domestic markets. Finally, we find that cross‐listed firms are associated with higher firm value as measured by Tobin's Q. These results have implications for international investors and companies seeking cross‐listing opportunities.     

上市公司内部控制信息披露的现状分析

我国在上市公司内部控制信息披露方面制定了相应的制度,对规范上市公司的内部控制信息披露起到了一定的作用。但由于我国资本市场信息披露环境存在缺陷、内部控制信息披露缺乏强制性和明确性的规定、上市公司对内部控制的认识和理解尚不统一、上市公司自愿性披露内部控制信息的动力不足、注册会计师缺乏统一的执业标准等因素的存在,导致目前我国内部控制信息披露制度未能有效实施。本文在分析这一现状的基础上,提出了改进我国内部控制信息披露的具体措施。     

股权激励、契约异质性与实体企业金融化

从股权激励视角切入,利用2008—2019年沪深A股上市公司的经验数据,探究股权激励对企业金融化的影响。研究发现：从整体上看,股权激励会抑制企业金融化。基于微观契约层面,股权激励强度越大,股权激励对企业金融化的抑制程度越大;相较于限制性股票,股票期权对企业金融化的抑制程度更大;只有激励期限较长的股权激励才会抑制企业金融化。作用机制检验表明,股权激励会降低股东与管理层之间的代理成本、缓解融资约束进而抑制企业金融化。研究结论有助于充实和深化股权激励与企业金融化关系研究,也为从公司内部治理层面防范和化解实体经济风险提供证据支持。     

制度环境、现金股利政策和投资者保护——来自A股和H股上市公司的经验证据

根据海外上市"捆绑理论",中国企业到海外成熟市场上市,必须遵守上市地严格的法律法规、公司治理和信息披露要求。海内外上市公司在公司治理机制、投资者保护水平上存在重大差异。实证研究发现海外上市的公司现金股利无论是分配倾向还是分配力度都显著强于内地上市公司。海外市场严格的法律法规和习惯、有效的市场监督、良好的信息披露规则等公司治理环境提高了对投资者的保护水平,进而对公司的股利行为产生影响。     

Should we worry about the decline of the public corporation? A brief survey of the economics and external effects of the stock market

In recent years, the number of listed companies has been declining in many countries across the world. This paper provides a selective survey of the literature on the real economic effects of the stock market to assess the potential effects of this decline and determine whether it is likely to continue. The leading economic role of the stock market’s primary market, in which firms raise capital by issuing new shares, is to help growing firms secure financing. We discuss providing and certifying information, coordinating investors, and easing the redeployment of capital as the means through which capital allocation can be efficiently achieved. The main economic roles of the stock market’s secondary market, the trade in existing shares, is to provide liquidity to shareholders, to aid in price discovery and to provide diversification opportunities. Positive external effects from an active stock market may arise for consumers, labor and private firms due to increased corporate investment, more socially responsible business strategies and a more positive business climate. Negative external effects on capital allocation and productivity can arise from short-termism, market mispricing, and increased cross-ownership. Local stock markets can spur innovation and foreign direct investment (FDI) and reduce the risk of early cross-border acquisitions. Given the myriad of useful economic functions the stock market performs, a future entirely absent of public companies is difficult to imagine and the decline is therefore likely at some point to come to an end. Whether we need to worry about the decline depends on the relative importance of the positive and negative external effects, a topic we feel warrants more research.     

内部控制信息强制性披露研究——来自沪深两市特殊行业和垄断行业的经验证据

消费的外部负效应性和收入差距持续扩大问题,显然是影响社会和谐的重要变数。如何解决特殊行业和垄断行业的巨大外部负效应性和收入差距持续扩大问题?2006年我国出台的对上市公司的内部控制指引和对中央企业全面风险管理指引都仅仅对极少数行业的内部控制信息披露给出了相关规定,中国证监会对内部控制信息强制性披露的有关规定也仅仅局限于银行、保险及证券等特殊行业和再融资的少数上市公司。为此,文章以房地产业、医药行业以及垄断行业的内部控制信息强制性披露为对象,重点研究企业产品成本和外部负效应的信息治理机理及披露问题,以此实现对特殊行业和垄断行业的巨大外部负效应性问题和收入差距持续扩大问题的治理。     

大股东持股、治理环境与信息披露质量

本文以2005～2008年间的深市上市公司为研究样本,选用深市信息披露考评结果衡量信息披露质量水平,构建Logistic回归模型对大股东持股、治理环境和信息披露质量的关系进行实证分析.研究结果发现,提高第一大股东持股比例和增加大股东个数对信息披露质量有正面影响;第二大股东持股状态对信息披露质量影响不显著;在治理环境好的地区,提高第一大股东持股比例有利于改善信息披露质量,而在治理环境较差的地区,增加大股东个数更有利于提高信息披露质量.