对中国服务贸易国际竞争力的分析

本文从中国服务贸易出口额在世界上的排序及占有份额、中国服务贸易进出口行业结构及贸易竞争优势指数三个方面,对中国服务贸易的国际竞争力展开了深入的分析。在此基础上,讨论了波特的国家竞争优势理论对一国提升服务贸易国际竞争力有重要的借鉴意义,并提出了发展我国服务贸易国际竞争力的对策建议。     

环境成本内在化对我国纺织行业出口贸易的影响

我国纺织行业的比较优势是依靠未完全实现环境成本内在化而实现的,如果贸易各国实行环境成本内在化,那么我国纺织出口部门的比较优势将发生改变。环境成本内在化影响了各国贸易竞争力,改变了出口商品的比较优势。基于以上考虑,文章以纺织行业为例,运用ADF检验、协整关系检验、Granger因果检验得出结论:出口规模的扩大增加了环境污染的排放;通过建立多元线性回归模型验证了环境成本量化以后,环境成本对国际贸易竞争力的影响是负的,即环境成本越大,国际贸易竞争力就越小。     

中国服务贸易竞争力影响因素的数理分析

服务贸易对一国经济增长有重要影响,一定程度上决定了一国国际贸易在国际市场上的竞争能力。文章分析了影响服务贸易竞争力的四个因素:外商直接投资、服务贸易开放度、货物贸易发展水平、劳动力素质,对这些影响因素与服务贸易的关系进行了实证检验,提出了促进我国服务贸易发展的七项对策建议。     

环境规制对我国产业国际竞争力影响分析

随着贸易和投资的发展,贸易与环境的冲突问题日益受到广泛关注。采用环境标准、措施,作为治理、改善环境的手段,会对一国的产业竞争力造成影响。运用环境-竞争力矩阵,分析了环境规制对我国产业国际竞争力的影响,并对我国的环境规制提出了建议。     

中国广告服务贸易国际竞争力的测度及评价

中国广告服务贸易进出口总体来看比较均衡,但进出口总量发展非常小,在中国服务贸易内部结构中的比重很低。近年,随着中国广告业的快速发展,中国广告服务贸易已具备一定的国际竞争力。这种竞争优势还不稳固,总体上比较弱,尚具有较大的发展潜力和提升空间。     

产业内贸易与服务贸易竞争力关系理论综述

随着经济的发展,产业内贸易、服务贸易在今天的社会生活中变得日益重要,产业内贸易的发展对推动服务贸易的发展,提高服务贸易国际竞争力的作用也越来越得到人们的关注。文章分别对产业内贸易、服务贸易竞争力及涉及其两者间关系的理论进行梳理总结。     

Sacred alliance or pact with the devil? How and why social enterprises collaborate with mainstream businesses in the fair trade sector*

Abstract

This paper uses institutional theory to highlight different patterns of cross-sector collaboration from the perspective of social enterprises. Specifically, it explores how and why social enterprises interact with mainstream businesses and to what extent their collaboration patterns reflect a vision of how their social mission should be implemented and institutionalized. The empirical analysis is derived from a qualitative study of ‘fair trade’ – a hybrid model created by social enterprises and using market mechanisms to support small-scale producers in developing countries and to advocate for changes in international trading practices. The findings highlight three strategies used by fair trade social enterprises to manage their interactions with mainstream businesses: sector solidarity, selective engagement, and active appropriation. This paper suggests that each strategy is motivated by a different vision of how best to articulate the social mission of fair trade via specific types of collaborations. It also notes how each vision has a distinct pattern of institutionalization at the field level. This paper adds to the emergent literatures on social enterprise and social entrepreneurship, fair trade, cross-sector collaboration and hybrid organizing.     

Uncertainty,the Lemon Problem,Asymmetric Information and Countertrade

Abstract

A review of the International Trade literature suggests that uncertainty caused by the lack of perfect information and/or asymmetric information provides a motivation for countertrade (Hennart, 1990; Mirus & Yeung, 1986; Yavas & Vardiabasis, 1988). After presenting the most prevalent forms and examples of countertrade, this study shows how uncertainty can lead to some of the most common forms of countertrade; counterpurchase, buyback and offset. The paper compares and contrasts two strategies facing the management team of a profit-maximizing firm. The standard neoclassical mathematical model developed and presented shows that countertrade strategy may be superior to standard money-mediated trade strategy when there is uncertainty. Therefore, countertrade (particularly, buyback, counterpurchase and offset) may be a rational response to conditions that restrict standard trade. As such, countertrade can supplement standard money-mediated trade and contribute to the growth of international business.     

中国经济双循环的比较优势分析

研究目标:考察中国经济双循环的比较优势。研究方法:构建基于贸易增加值口径的比较优势指数并结合核密度估计和马尔可夫链进行分析。研究发现:第一，尽管中国省际调出的比较优势呈上升趋势，且在2017年首次突破了1,但中国经济内循环的比较优势仍然不强。第二，尽管中国出口的比较优势呈上升趋势，但始终未突破1,这说明中国经济在外循环中并不具有比较优势。第三，中国各省份在内循环中的比较优势，强于在外循环中的比较优势；中国各部门在内循环与外循环中的比较优势则基本持平。研究创新:首次构建了增加值口径的省际调出显示性比较优势指数，将国内大循环和国际大循环纳入统一的分析框架。研究价值:为加快形成以国内大循环为主体、国内国际双循环相互促进的新发展格局提供理论依据。     

Short-term institutions’ information advantage and overvaluation

Prior literature has documented that institutions which trade more frequently are better able to forecast future returns and have an informational advantage. This study examines a proximate explanation for the differences in performance based on institutions’ investment horizon – short-term institutions are better informed because they are better able to identify overvalued stocks that are short-sale constrained and overvalued in the context of Miller’s (1977) overvaluation hypothesis. Analysis is conducted on 6330 unique firms from 1996 to 2014 using the calendar-time portfolio approach where abnormal returns are estimated from the Fama-French-Carhart four-factor regression model. The results provide evidence that stocks which are extremely overvalued due to short-sale constraints have the greatest decline in short-term institutional ownership, consistent with the notion that short-term institutions are able to correctly assess the components for stock overvaluation.     

美印服务贸易发展中的政府行为及启示

服务贸易已成为影响各国经济发展的重要力量,也成为衡量一国国际竞争力的一项重要标准。作为发达国家的美国和发展中国家的印度,在服务贸易发展中,政府发挥了非常重要的作用,对中国具有有益的启示。     

中国金融服务贸易发展现状及其竞争力探析

金融服务贸易作为现代服务业的一部分,在经济发展中越来越重要。然而,与发达资本主义国家相比,中国金融服务贸易的国际竞争力还很薄弱。通过SWOT分析表明,中国金融服务贸易的发展受到了资本条件、人力条件、技术条件、政府政策、市场机制及国际环境等内外部因素的影响。为此,本文针对中国金融服务贸易发展中面临的优势、劣势、机遇与威胁,提出了相应对策,以期对提升我国金融服务贸易的国际竞争力,推动中国经济的稳步增长有所借鉴。     

European industry: the emerging market competitiveness challenge

As the global economy has become increasingly open to 'free' trade, European industry ‐ and, indeed, industry across the developed world ‐ has found itself faced with growing competition from low cost, emerging market countries. How is it facing up to this stiff challenge? Newspaper headlines may suggest that effort has been focused on raising trade barriers to keep competition at bay. However, such actions are a thin veneer over the very real, structural changes that are rapidly taking place. This article, by Grant Colquhoun, examines the changing structure of the EU15's trading patterns and the differential impact across manufacturing sectors. It then analyses the steps industry is taking to cope with the competitiveness challenge. As well as attempting to squeeze costs, it is clear that industry in Europe is restructuring in order to focus on higher value added activities, where it typically has a competitive advantage over emerging markets.     

物流业竞争力的内涵及源泉探讨

通过借鉴古典比较优势、新贸易理论、竞争优势理论以及国内外有关学者对竞争力研究成果,得出物流业的竞争力形成于各物流要素的比较优势和竞争优势的内在统一的结论。即一个地区物流业的各种有利资源不断聚集在具有比较优势的物流要素上,促成该地区物流业竞争优势的形成,从而造就该地区物流业的强劲竞争力。     

MIND THE GAP: UNEMPLOYMENT IN THE NEW EU REGIONS

Abstract.  The paper surveys the theoretical and empirical literature on regional unemployment during transition in Central and Eastern Europe. The focus is on optimal speed of transition (OST) models and on comparison of them with the neo-classical tradition. In the typical neo-classical models, spatial differences essentially arise as a consequence of supply side constraints and institutional rigidities. Slow-growth, high-unemployment regions are those with backward economic structures and constraints on factors mobility contribute to making differences persistent. However, such explanations leave the question unanswered of how unemployment differences arise in the first place. Economic transition provides an excellent testing ground to answer this question. Pre-figuring an empirical law, the OST literature finds that the high degree of labour turnover of high unemployment regions is associated with a high rate of industrial restructuring and, consequently, that low unemployment may be achieved by implementing transition more gradually. Moreover, international trade, foreign direct investment and various agglomeration factors help explain the success of capital cities compared to peripheral towns and rural areas in achieving low unemployment. The evidence of the empirical literature on supply side factors suggests that wage flexibility in Central and Eastern Europe is not lower than in other EU countries, while labour mobility seems to reinforce rather than change the spatial pattern of unemployment.     

广东省机电产品产业内贸易的实证研究

本文基于2002～2009年的相关数据,运用G-L指数和Bruelhart指数分别从静态和动态角度分析了广东省机电产品的产业内贸易状况;同时,本文还将产品的TC指数与其G-L指数结合起来,对广东省不同种类机电产品的国际贸易竞争力和产业内贸易水平进行了综合分析。     

International trade and the U.S. wage structure

Politicians are concerned about the effects of increased foreign trade on U.S. workers. Data from 1978 to 1987 are used to appraise the impact of foreign trade on U.S. manufacturing wages. The results indicate that wages are positively associated with a sector’s level of international comparative advantage. However, this follows from other characteristics aside from the net trade balance. These characteristics may include rent sharing or international technological convergence. Imports and exports also influence wages, where this impact varies with the industry’s unionization. Regardless, the results suggest that greater trade is not a major cause of the decline in U.S. real wages.     

后危机时期江苏信息服务贸易竞争力发展SWOT分析

信息服务产业是我国现代服务业发展的一个重要趋势和新的经济增长点。从产业发展趋势、产业结构比例和国际竞争力指数方面,揭示了江苏省信息服务贸易发展的现状,在运用SWOT分析方法对江苏省信息服务贸易竞争力发展的内部条件(优势和劣势)、外部环境(机遇和挑战)进行深入剖析的基础上,提出了后危机时期提升江苏信息服务贸易国际竞争力的若干建议。     

全球化背景下国际供应链核心竞争力分析

随着经济全球化的不断深入,国际供应链将是企业管理模式发展的必然,对国际供应链核心竞争力的分析将有助于企业在构建国际供应链过程中避免不必要的学习成本和风险损失。本文从国际供应链的内涵分析出发,得出了国际供应链所具有的竞争优势:成本优势、质量优势、聚焦优势和资金优势。然后根据国际供应链竞争优势的表现与获取方式,认为国际供应链的核心竞争力表现为:资源获取能力、合作协调能力、系统集成能力、沟通能力以及信息共享能力。     

城市区域增长的网络化治理

肇始于20世纪末的信息技术发展及全球经贸联系的日益紧密,生产的分散化与管理的集中化导致国家间的竞争逐步演变为骨干城市及其所依托的城镇群体之间的竞争。立足于当代中国城市发展实践,衔接国际城市与区域研究的理论前沿,着眼于当前我国城市区域体制转型和制度变迁过程中凸显的深层次的体制障碍和运作瓶颈,采用城市政治经济学的研究方法,从背景、方法、视角、内容等多个层面,系统归纳和评述了中外城市区域增长的网络化治理机制,并从城市区域治理的增长网络、增长政体、增长制度和增长管理等角度提出了相关拓展研究的展望。