基于城市意象的拉萨城市历史景观集体记忆研究

人们认知环境形成的城市意象构成城市的集体记忆。从城市意象角度切入,主要采用认知地图的方法,探究不同人群对拉萨城市历史景观的空间认知。先将所有人的城市意象按五要素分类,分析各类空间特征,提出综合意象的空间结构。再根据在拉萨停留时长划分人群,分析不同人群认知的深度及要素,归纳人群集体记忆。最后归纳城市意象形成的影响因素,并基于城市意象与集体记忆提出针对拉萨城市历史景观保护的若干建议。     

城市肌理的传承与更新——河西古镇开发中街道空间的延续

城市肌理是随着人类社会历史的发展而逐步演化的产物,是一个城市人文记忆和历史信息的载体,如何在城市肌理中延续城市的历史文脉,解读城市的人文记忆,构筑城市的美好未来,必然成为城市发展的重中之重。在河西古镇开发中如何保护原有城市肌理,延续城市的历史文脉,做到保护城市的历史信息和风貌特征的同时,又能改善人居环境,使新的城市肌理能够"有机切入"原有肌理,成为一个必须重视的现实问题。     

复活的城市记忆 荔枝湾涌改造

广州荔枝湾涌在重新规划改造之后,从当年的城市臭水沟摇身一变成为广州的城市文化名片。这个城市改造复原工程巧妙的将景观、环境、人以及城市的历史有机结合,不但复活了城市历史上美丽的记忆,更成为了城市新的象征。     

拉住即将消失的城市记忆

从城市记忆的内涵及特征出发,阐述了现代化与城市记忆传承性的冲突、全球化与城市记忆独特性的冲突、信息化与城市记忆情感性的冲突,提出了建立相关制度抵抗"野蛮"现代化、强化城市地域性抵抗简单全球化和多途径多方法保护城市记忆、防止城市记忆虚拟化等对策。     

城市历史街区街巷空间的改造——以成都市宽窄巷子为例

随着经济的发展,人们的物质生活逐渐丰裕,对精神生活的要求也变得丰富,人们开始寻找历史的记忆点。在这个背景下,城市历史街区面临着巨大的挑战。一方面由于基础设施等的落后,历史街区暴露出很多社会问题,无法满足人们的日常需要;另一方面,它们是城市历史的记忆点,是人们认知城市的媒介。城市历史街区的改造是一把双刃剑,既要延续城市的文脉,又要给该地区带来经济效益,实现可持续发展。宽窄巷子作为历史街区改造较成功的案例,文章着重阐述了其在进行街巷空间的改造时,所用到的两种方法及其他们之间所呈现出来的关系。     

近20年城市记忆研究综述

伴随全球化的快速推进,城市建设发展和城市记忆保护之间的矛盾越发尖锐,基于不同学科视域开展的城市记忆研究也逐年增多。基于此,分类梳理了近20年来国内外关于城市记忆的文献资料,重点就城市记忆的相关概念、要素、时空属性,城市记忆与建筑景观、文化遗产、地方感等的关系,以及城市记忆的社会建构等内容进行了综述。从研究视角和内容、研究方法和手段、理论探索和实证研究等层面对城市记忆研究进行了总结和展望。     

印度名城本地治里的建筑遗产保护

城市因历史而厚重。在构建城市历史的诸多元素中，建筑遗产无疑是最具代表性的一个。拥有悠久历史的印度名城本地治里（pondjcherry），对其丰富的建筑遗产进行了系统保护和合理开发．在重启城市历史记忆、保留城市风貌独特性的同时，致力于经济发展改善城市环境，走出了一条在城市化进程中建筑遗产重新焕发活力的好路子。     

工业遗产的历史传承——广州水泥厂片区项目改造方案探讨

城市要发展，历史也不能置之不理，处理好历史记忆与城市发展的矛盾是留给规划师的是一个全新的思考课题。     

小公园:“百载商埠”历史见证

正"城市和人一样,也有记忆,因为它有完整的生命历史。"而小公园历史文化街区,正是上世纪30年代老汕头经济繁荣的象征,是"百载商埠"历史见证。独具一格且全国城市中少有的环形放射状的路网结构、中西合璧的骑楼建筑群、布局合理的"四永一升平"等,更有很多汕头人"生于斯、长于斯"的共同记忆。潮汕文化、海洋文化、华侨文化、商业文化、建筑文化,在这里融合汇聚、相得益彰,如同一道多姿多彩的风景线,放射出夺目的光芒。     

多样性城市事件视角的城市记忆保护

从多样性城市事件的角度出发来探讨城市记忆的保护。首先分析城市记忆与多样性城市事件的定义及其分类,说明多样性城市事件是城市记忆的一部分,属于城市记忆客体。然后以名人事件、历史事件、节庆事件、老地名等多样性城市事件为例,说明保护城市记忆客体—多样性城市事件即是保护城市记忆,以期发掘一种保护城市记忆的简便而独特的研究方法。     

类型学在城市设计中的运用

城市作为集体记忆的所在地,交织着历史和个人的记录.这里, "历史"就是发生的城市建筑事件,并显现出一种"历史情形"和"现实生活"情境的拼贴,其相关因素均在城市与建筑上留下烙印,有许许多多的原型.城市、建筑的类型不仅蕴涵历史,且超越了历史的阶段性意义,那就是: "永恒的价值"、 "永恒的人类生活"意义上的持续交融,人类不仅存在语言之中,而且存在于形式类型之中.类型学对城市设计来说既有认识论意义又有方法论意义,是一种城市设计认识与实践的策略.     

Organizational remembering as a trigger for cultural change: Exploring the episodic memories of a financial scandal

Organizational memory research has developed from the 'storage bin' model of memory towards emphasizing collective remembering. We advance this view by proposing organizational remembering not just as the process of evoking past events to reproduce traditions but also as a projection into the future using imagination. Empirically this is illustrated through the qualitative analysis of 27 episodic interviews with employees of a global financial institution, documents and the media coverage of the organization’s involvement in two well-publicized financial scandals. We explore the impact of the episodic memories of those events on employees' readiness for the cultural change programme launched by management after the scandals. The analysis shows how the negative media coverage of the organization generated a powerful dis-confirmation of its working practices among employees and how this was amplified by the strong emotional reactions remembering those events provoked. Management used both to re-frame the past in a narrative used to increase receptiveness to change. Yet the past was brought differently into the present by different organizational groups depending on the future each group imagined, counteracting the impact of the generic management narrative. The findings illustrate the collective, emotional and imaginative qualities of organizational remembering and provide new insights into the process of cultural change through the lens of memory showing how while memories may be shaped by management to respond to crisis, they can also become part of prospective and transformative change processes.     

Collecting Event Histories with TrueTales:Techniques to Improve Autobiographical Recall Problems in Standardized Interviews

This article deals with the challenges autobiographical recall processes present to validity of events and their dates in the collection of life histories in standardized interviews. Effective interviewing techniques should support the idiosyncratic cognitive structure and the reconstructive memory processes of autobiographical memory by allowing to flexibly explore the interconnections between memories. We describe the techniques and strategies of interviewing and data recording used in the German Life History Study, namely modularization, forward recall and single case data edition. We introduce TrueTales, a CATI- Program designed to support memory and communication in the interview, and results of its experimental evaluation. TrueTales personalizes instructions, questions and probes and permits controlled flexibility in dealing with individual biographies and recall strategies. Working with a calendar-based time-line, it yields more complete, consistent and valid event histories. Finally, we discuss implications for standardized interviewing practices and the concept of standardization.     

C64x+DSP EDC功能的实现与应用

EDC(Error Detection and Correction)是TI C64x+DSP提供的用来对L1P和L2内存进行错误检测与纠错的一项功能,该功能主要用来保护程序代码和不经常更新的数据。当对L1P/L2RAM或L1P/L2Cache进行读操作时,通过该功能可以检查当前读操作的内存空间是否发生bit反转的异常。对于1bit的反转,EDC还可以进行纠错,从而提高系统的稳定性。     

Recentering the City

In The City and the Grassroots, Manuel Castells recentered the city as the site of distinctively urban social movements and reaffirmed the role of purposive social action in constructing a distinctively urban space. Although Castells’ recitation of five centuries of urban political activism documents the consistent failure of such movements to achieve their goals, his account is persistently optimistic on at least three counts. First, recentering the city reminds us that, despite the failure of transitory political movements, the city endures as an opportunity for renewed political activism. The continual possibility of change offered by the city's ontological persistence is separate from the fate of any given political intervention. Second, regardless of its specific success or failure, each episode of urban activism establishes a new context for the next encounter, its legacy persisting in the collective memories — the stock of mnemonic capital — of which the city is the repository. Third, Castells’ emphasis on political agency affirms that, while all action is ephemeral, its constitutive re‐enactment ceaselessly provides openings for insurgency and transgression. This optimistic message is worth repeating today.     

Collective memories,propaganda and authoritarian political support

Can experience with democracy affect political support for a dictator? We develop a political economy model with endogenous reference points, where a dictator strategically reactivates traumatic collective memories about a past experience with democracy, to convince the population that a democratic alternative is inferior to the autocratic status quo. We find that a more traumatic experience with democracy in the past renders propaganda more efficient and increases the level of authoritarian political support per unit of memory recollection. We support these findings with panel data evidence from 103 countries.     

Order aggressiveness, pre-trade transparency, and long memory in an order-driven market

Recent empirical research has documented that the state of the limit order book influences stock investors' strategies. Investors place more aggressive orders when the same side of the order book is thicker, and less aggressive orders when it is thinner. We conjecture and demonstrate that this behavior is related to long memories of trading volume, volatility, and order signs in stock markets. We investigate our conjecture in two types of artificial stock markets: a transparent market, in which agents observe all limit orders on both sides of the book and order volumes at those prices before they trade; and a less transparent market, in which agents observe only the best five bid and ask quotes with the depth available at these limit prices. The first market structure resembles certain actual stock exchanges in the level of pre-trade transparency, such as the Australian Stock Exchange, NYSE OpenBook, and the London Stock Exchange, whereas the second market structure is consistent with stock exchanges such as Euronext Paris, the Toronto Stock Exchange, the Tokyo Stock Exchange, and Hong Kong Exchanges and Clearing. We demonstrate that our long memory results are robust with different levels of pre-trade transparency, implying that the strategy constructed by the state of the order book is key for explaining long memories in many actual stock exchanges.     

“When I go my family will see my life in programmes”: Legacy giving and identity at the Royal Opera House

With £5.5 trillion due to be transferred between generations over forthcoming decades in the UK alone, non-profits stand to increase their income from legacy giving significantly, if they can make lasting and meaningful connections with donors. Extant research suggests that autobiographical memory may play a key role in this process. In this article, we go beyond considering autobiographical memory in general to examining how connection with a particular non-profit, and the memories that are generated can shape individual identity. We report the results of twenty life-history interviews with people who plan to leave a legacy to the Royal Opera House, and discuss how identity is created through a connection with opera and/or ballet in general and the Royal Opera House in particular. We then go on to explore how the strength of that connection and development of a shared identity can create a sense of symbolic immortality and influence the legacy giving decision, drawing on peak memorable experiences and nostalgia as a social emotion that connects people to what they love. We conclude by reflecting on how other non-profits might create or stimulate such identities.