中国投资、储蓄与消费之间关系的实证研究

中国经济要保持持续的高速发展,必须平衡好投资、储蓄与消费之间的关系。本文通过Solow黄金储蓄率的测算,发现1995年后中国的储蓄率居高不下。通过Chow Test对消费和GDP之间关系的检验,可以把1981～2008年中国经济分为两个阶段。通过对比发现1995年后,不论是消费倾向,或者是消费的GDP弹性都有较大降幅,而且消费开始不能拉动GDP增长。此外,本文分析了居民储蓄、企业储蓄和政府投资对于经济增长的作用变化,发现住房储蓄促进经济的作用有限,而通过减税提高企业储蓄能够提升经济发展潜力。     

资本积累在东亚和拉美经济发展中的作用

东亚、拉美经济发展中的一个重要差异在于,东亚国家的国民储蓄率高,经济增长也高;而拉美国家的国民储蓄率低,经济增长率也低。本文将主要从三个方面论证资本积累（储蓄的转化和利用）在东亚和拉美经济发展中的作用。首先,从储蓄与增长的因果关系看,传统理论认为,储蓄可以自动转化为投资,成为资本积累,从而推动经济增长,后来,理论界对于储蓄和经济增长孰因孰果有一些分歧。有些研究发现储蓄率的提高是经济增长的结果,而非经济增长的原因。世界银行在《东亚奇迹———经济增长与公共政策》的报告中也持这种观点。我们认为,储蓄和增长的关系应…     

对我国现阶段储蓄和投资转化的思考

当前中国经济呈现的特征是"高储蓄、高投资、双顺差",高储蓄率和高投资率长期持续,在经济增长初期,经济增长有赖于储蓄的增长,但随着我国经济已进入买方市场,高储蓄率只会阻碍经济的发展。而在储蓄、投资双高的局面下,存在投资效率低下,储蓄不能转化为有效投资的问题,这是我国经济中存在的重大问题。通过对我国储蓄和投资内在结构的分析,对我国投资与储蓄结构,以及储蓄向投资转化的过程中存在问题的原因进行讨论,并提出一些政策性建议。     

国家审计在政府治理中的作用——基于我国经济增长的实证研究

本文采用我国1980—2009年的经济数据,通过柯布一道格拉斯函数对我国经济增长进行了实证分析．发现我国全要素生产率对经济增长的作用为负．劳动力投入和资本投入的弹性会和我国资源禀赋不一致、从而为国家审计是政府治理的重要工具．对推动我国达到“善治”起着重要作用提供了实证依据。     

中国突破中等收入陷阱的经济学分析

研究目标：探讨发展中国家落入“中等收入陷阱”的经济学原因。研究方法：在对“中等收入陷阱”进行经济学理论分析基础上,用48个国家面板数据样本,进行经济减速和经济增长因素实证分析。研究发现：消费比重过高,外部负债和资本过度跨国流动不利于经济增长,特别是对中等收入国家经济增长更不利;国民收支内部失衡及其引发的外部失衡,特别是高消费导致内部失衡而引发外贸逆差和外部债务积累,是发展中国家落入“中等收入陷阱”的根源。研究创新：论述了发展中国家高消费引发“中等收入陷阱”的机理,并进行了实证检验。研究价值：有利于客观认识国内经济减速,把握好内需拉动经济增长和资本项目开放的“度”,避免追求持续高增长而出现宏观政策失误。     

人口红利与经济增长关系研究

实行改革开放以来,我国的经济取得了突飞猛进的增长,为此,世界很多国家都觉得不可思议,他们把这个现象叫做“中国奇迹”,并且认为我国人口转变出现的“人口红利”在经济发展中起到十分重要的作用。本文首先对人口红利的概念进行解释,接着主要是从劳动力、储蓄和公共投资三个方面分析了人口红利与我国经济增长的关系,以帮助我们正确地处理两者的关系,更好地促进我国经济的发展。     

城镇居民储蓄影响因素之浅析

长期以来,我国国内经济的主要特点之一是高储蓄、低消费.储蓄率是影响一国经济发展的一大重要因素,它的高低会对经济增长水平有着直接的影响.发展储蓄业务,在一定程度上可以促进国民经济比例和结构的调整.本文以城镇居民的数据为样本,引入可支配收入、利率、社会养老保险等变量建立回归方程,分析了各大因素对储蓄率的影响,从而得出相应的结论.     

从就业弹性的角度看我国的就业问题

一、改革开放以来我国就业弹性的变动趋势对于经济增长与就业增长之间的关系,通常使用“就业弹性”这一指标来加以描述。就业弹性也称就业的产出弹性,是指就业增长对经济增长变化的反映程度,即经济增长率每提高1%带来的就业增长率的变动。即,就业弹性=就业增长率/经济增长率。就业弹性把经济增长率与就业增长率联系在一起,在一定程度上反映了经济增长对就业人员的吸纳程度。由于就业问题日益成为我国经济社会生活中的焦点问题,特别是最近几年出现了所谓“高增长、低就业”的现象,引发了越来越多的人开始关注对我国就业弹性的研究。根据《200…     

会计信息质量与投资效率之关系研究

转轨以来,中国经济经历了高储蓄、高投资与高增长的发展历程。这种高储蓄一高投资的模式已经支撑了中国经济30年的高速增长,这是国内外研究中国经济问题的学者得出的一个共识。然而,已有的多数研究文献表明,在我国经济体制转轨以来的经济运行中,与高投资相伴随的是投资的低效率。这种投资的低效率经常性地以“过度投资“、重复建设以及大量的投资浪费等形式表现出来。     

中国企业短期融资券市场分析

缺乏可投资的金融产品,间接融资比重过高是中国金融市场两个非常鲜明问题.近些年我国居民储蓄增长迅速,相比之下可供投资的金融产品却极为短缺:储蓄一投资转化不畅使得大量储蓄类资产集中于银行体系,导致货币市场资金严重过剩.     

Incumplimiento del salario mínimo en Europa central y oriental

En este estudio se analiza el incumplimiento del salario mínimo durante el periodo 2003–2012 en diez países de Europa central y oriental con salario mínimo obligatorio nacional. A partir de los datos de EU‐SILC y la metodología propuesta por Bhorat, Kanbur y Mayet (2013), se cuantifica la incidencia y magnitud del incumplimiento. Se realizan análisis de regresión sobre determinantes individuales, laborales y macroeconómicos. Aunque la incidencia permanece relativamente baja, los trabajadores a los que se dirigen las políticas de salario mínimo parecen los más expuestos a su incumplimiento. Con el tiempo, una mayor incidencia se asocia a una razón más alta entre salario mínimo y salario medio.     

Cultural Economy Planning in Creative Cities: Discourse and Practice

While a growing body of research analyses the functional mechanisms of the cultural or creative economy, there has been little attention devoted to understanding how local governments translate this work into policy. Moreover, research in this vein focuses predominately on Richard Florida's creative class thesis rather than considering the wider body of work that may influence policy. This article seeks to develop a deeper understanding of how municipalities conceptualize and plan for the cultural economy through the lens of two cities held up as model ‘creative cities’ — Austin, Texas and Toronto, Ontario. The work pays particular attention to how the cities adopt and adapt leading theories, strategies and discourses of the cultural economy. While policy documents indicate that the cities embrace the creative city model, in practice agencies tend to adapt conventional economic development strategies for cultural economy activity and appropriate the language of the creative city for multiple purposes.     

Input/output ranges and performance: an examination of US machine tool producers

Despite the establishment of high-tech multinational enterprises (MNEs) in Ireland since the late 1950s, the country did not succeed in closing the technological gap with most of its EU counterparts. The weak National System of Innovation (NSI), and in particular low business and government R&D levels, combined with a lack of research and technology linkages between MNEs and indigenous firms, explain these poor results. However, the Shannon region in the West of the country presents some specific institutional characteristics that could theoretically make the region a strong technological enclave. The various actors in the region - i.e. the administrative, financial, political and research institutions, as well as the business organizations - have indeed infused a new type of economic development. After a brief review of the available concepts and models articulated around these actors and their interrelationships, the paper analyses whether the Shannon region, taken as an illustrative example, mirrors a specific economic and technological localized setting. The study is based on a survey of indigenous and foreign firms.     

Sixty years of discrimination and diversity research in human resource management: A review with suggestions for future research directions

This article reviews discrimination and diversity research published in Human Resource Management (HRM) over the past 60 years. While discrimination and diversity are very different constructs, it is often informative to study them together, because when people recognize each other's diversity, this can result in bias, stereotyping, and discrimination. We conducted bibliographic searches for terms related to discrimination and diversity as well as a manual search through every title and abstract published in HRM over the last 60 years to assess article relevance. The search resulted in 135 research articles with 136 unique studies (i.e., samples) which are reviewed in this article. Sex and race are the demographics that have been examined the most in HRM, while religion has been examined the least. Moreover, the number of studies examining lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) employees in the workplace in HRM has grown quickly within the past 10 years, culminating in a recent meta‐analysis. Our review looks at some of the earliest research published, the most recent research published, and the overall trends we identified in the research over the years for both discrimination and diversity articles. We then make future research suggestions and recommendations to advance the study of discrimination and diversity in the coming years.     

The Early History of the Cumulants and the Gram-Charlier Series

The early history of the Gram-Charlier series is discussed from three points of view: (1) a generalization of Laplace's central limit theorem, (2) a least squares approximation to a continuous function by means of Chebyshev-Hermite polynomials, (3) a generalization of Gauss's normal distribution to a system of skew distributions. Thiele defined the cumulants in terms of the moments, first by a recursion formula and later by an expansion of the logarithm of the moment generating function. He devised a differential operator which adjusts any cumulant to a desired value. His little known 1899 paper in Danish on the properties of the cumulants is translated into English in the Appendix.     

Capturing the Implications of Services Trade Liberalization

This paper evaluates the impact of service sector trade liberalization on the world economy by a ten-region, eleven-sector CGE model with import embodied technology transfer from developed countries to developing countries. Simulation results show that service sector trade liberalization not only directly affects world service production and trade, but also has significant implications for other sectors in the economy. The major channel of the impact is through inter-industry input-output relations and TFP growth induced from services imported by developing countries from developed countries, which may be embodied with new information and advanced technology.     

City Children and Genderfied Neighbourhoods: The New Generation as Urban Regeneration Strategy

Former industrial cities in the West are employing gentrification as urban policy. In these policies, women and families currently play an important role as gentrification pioneers. In my analysis of Rotterdam in the Netherlands, I propose the term genderfication to understand the gender dimensions of this process. Genderfication refers to the production of space for different gender relations. I analyse Rotterdam's urban planning program for becoming a ‘child‐friendly city’, which entails replacing existing urban dwellings with new, larger and more expensive ‘family‐friendly homes’ as a strategy for urban re‐generation. Urban re‐generation supplements regeneration in the form of material and economic restructuring, and refers to the replacement of part of the current population by a new and better suited generation. The ‘child‐friendly city program’ is considered in tandem with punitive ‘youth policies’.     

Hierarchical Models in Environmental Science

Environmental systems are complicated. They include very intricate spatio-temporal processes, interacting on a wide variety of scales. There is increasingly vast amounts of data for such processes from geographical information systems, remote sensing platforms, monitoring networks, and computer models. In addition, often there is a great variety of scientific knowledge available for such systems, from partial differential equations based on first principles to panel surveys. It is argued that it is not generally adequate to consider such processes from a joint perspective. Instead, the processes often must be considered as a coherently linked system of conditional models. This paper provides a brief overview of hierarchical approaches applied to environmental processes. The key elements of such models can be considered in three general stages, the data stage, process stage, and parameter stage. In each stage, complicated dependence structure is mitigated by conditioning. For example, the data stage can incorporate measurement errors as well as multiple datasets with varying supports. The process and parameter stages can allow spatial and spatio-temporal processes as well as the direct inclusion of scientific knowledge. The paper concludes with a discussion of some outstanding problems in hierarchical modelling of environmental systems, including the need for new collaboration approaches.     

Multinomial distributions applied to random sampling of particulate materials

When sampling a batch consisting of particulate material, the distribution of a sample estimator can be characterized using knowledge about the sample drawing process. With Bernoulli sampling, the number of particles in the sample is binomially distributed. Because this is rarely realized in practice, we propose a sampling design in which the possible samples have a nearly equal mass. Expected values and variances of the sample estimator are calculated. It is shown that the sample estimator becomes identical to the Horvitz–Thompson estimator in the case of a large batch-to-sample mass ratio and a large sample mass. Simulations and experiments were performed to test the theory. Simulations confirm that the round-off error due to the discrete nature of particles is negligible for large sample sizes. Sampling experiments were carried out with a mixture of PolyPropylene (PP) and PolyTetraFluorEthylene (PTFE) spheres suspended in a viscous medium. The measured and theoretical variations are in good agreement.