流动性与资产定价:基于中国A股市场的实证研究

Acharya and Pedersen（2005）提出的考虑流动性风险的资本资产定价模型（即LCAPM）认为，证券的期望收益取决于其期望流动性成本、其流动性成本和市场流动性成本与市场收益的协方差。以及其收益和市场收益与市场流动性成本的协方差。本文用中国股市的收益数据对Acharya and Pedersen（2005）的LCAPM进行了实证检验。结果发现，在各种不同的市场特征下，基于流动性的CAPM模型更好的拟舍了资产收益，不同的模型设定使得结论相对稳健。这说明流动性水平和流动性风对我国股市的资产定价有重要影响，在我国证券市场资产评估中要考虑流动性的重要性。     

流动性风险的特性

近年来,随着对流动性研究的深入,人们发现证券流动性之间存在协动现象(co-movement)。所谓流动性的协动是指单个证券与证券组合之间、证券组合与整个证券市场之间以及证券组合与行业之间的流动性变化存在趋同现象。证券市场中若存在流动性的协动现象,则在市场出现流动性危机时,投资者无法通过分散投资来完全化解该类风险,即市场上存在着系统的流动性风险。     

股票市场间的流动性动态关系研究

随着金融市场之间的相关性逐渐增强,流动性作为反映资产的变现速度和交易能力的证券市场首要属性,是需要多视角、多层次的研究。对我国内地股市和香港股市的证券流动性动态关系的实证研究发现,两个市场之间的流动性信息是相互传递,香港恒生指数非流动性指标对内地沪深300指数非流动性指标有引领和发现作用,对于反向的引领和发现作用,脉冲响应曲线表现出内地股票市场对香港股票市场非流动性指标也有影响。     

企业融资渠道及融资成本的风险防范问题研究

一、影响企业融资渠道及融资成本的因素1.总体经济环境。总体经济环境决定了整个经济中资本的供给和需求,以及预期通货膨胀的水平。如果整个社会经济中的资金需求和供给发生变动,或通货膨胀水平发生变化,投资者也会相应改变其所要求的收益率。2．证券市场条件。证券市场条件影响证券投资的风险。证券市场条件包括证券的市场流动难易程度和价格波动程度。如果某种证券的市场流动性好，投资者想买进或卖出证券相对困难，     

基于流动性的股票回报的理论探讨及实证研究

本文对资产流动性的定义及其对证券市场的影响进行了归纳总结,阐明了资产流动性与其预期收益率的紧密关系。本文内容主要包括流动性的测度及流动性对资产定价的影响两个方面。测度方面,Amihud Yakov与Mendelson先后将股票买卖价差与收益率与成交额比值的绝对值作为流动性度量指标,而Pa′stor和Stambaugh 2003的文献将流动性风险上升到了系统性的高度,引入了月度市场流动性指标。对股价影响方面,Amihud Yakov与Mendelson 1986年的研究发现预期到和为预期到的市场弱流动性与股票超额收益率在截面数据层面上分别存在正相关与负相关。此外,Amihud在2002年文献中证明了预期到和未预期到的市场弱流动性与股票超额收益率存在时间序列的正相关性与负相关性,将两者的相关性扩展到了时间维度。此外,Pa′stor和Stambaugh 2003年的文献将流动性风险上升到了系统性的高度,将流动性风险作为资产定价的一个重要状态变量,股票的预期收益率与该股票对市场范围内流动性波动的敏感度高度相关。     

中国证券市场流动性风险内涵与特征分析

文章首先结合当前的国际金融环境阐述了流动性风险研究的重要意义,继而对流动性风险涵义进行剖析,并结合中国市场的现实背号分析了影响流动性风险的因素,最后进一步研究了我国证券市场流动性风险的特征。     

股票市场流动性应用研究概述

流动性是证券市场的生命力。研究股票市场流动性对于加强市场流动性的评估、提升流动性风险定价能力,以及提升市场流动性具有重要意义。本文对流动性的概念进行归纳,分析流动性在公司金融、市场效率及资产定价中的应用研究,展望其在中国市场的未来发展。     

证券分析师盈余预测准确性的影响因素研究

提供盈余预测信息的证券分析师是缓解资本市场信息不对称的重要中介。本文首先通过对国内外现有文献的梳理,从证券分析师和目标公司两个角度总结了影响证券分析师盈余预测的影响因素,发现证券分析师的胜任能力、信息来源和利益冲突是现有研究的三大关注重点,目标公司的规模、成长性和盈余质量等也是影响证券分析师预测准确性的重要因素。然后,在文献梳理的基础上,结合对我国证券市场中股价联动、板块轮动和高市盈率高换手率等问题进行分析,从提高我国证券分析师盈余预测的准确性方面提出了几点建议。     

强制信息披露与市场发展

在证券市场上，不确定性和风险是影响证券价格和构成证券特征的重要因素。由于信息的获取可以改变对证券不确定性和风险的评价，从而信息对证券市场的价格发现和价格均衡也就具有直接作用和决定性意义。从本质上看，证券市场是一个信息市场，市场的运作过程就是信息的处理过程，正是信息在指引着社会资金流向各实体部门，从而实现了证券市场的资源配置功能，市场效率的关键问题是如何提高信息的充分性、准确性和对称性。     

证券市场流动性的文献综述

本文在国内外文献基础上分析了证券市场流动性的涵义、基本特征和度量方法。对学术界衡量流动性的买卖价差、市场深度、价格冲击指数、流动性指数等方法以及影响流动性主要因素进行了梳理和综述。     

中国股市日内流动性效应分析——基于高频数据的流动性度量、特征及其影响因素

本文归纳了流动性刻画维度和度量指标,选取不同规模和价位股票的高频数据作样本,吸收Amivest流动性比率计算原理,设定价格对交易量变动的敏感性为流动性度量指标,分析股票日内交易特征和流动性影响因素。结果发现：日内模式价格变动呈仰卧“F”形,交易量呈仰卧“E”形,而非传统的“L”或“U”型;日内交易模式、股票规模和股票价位均影响着股票流动性;日内模式异动时间内,股票流动性差;大规模股票流动性强;高价股流动性差。     

Inter-market competition for exchange traded funds

We examine how the different mix of informed and liquidity trading in the market for ETFs affects the nature of inter-market competition. We find that both the characteristics of the securities and the structures of the competing markets jointly determine the nature of inter-market competition. Given the superior execution quality on the ECNs and the low adverse selection costs in the ETF market, anonymous market such as the ECNs, attract both liquidity and informed traders. We also find that markets compete in a subset of ETFs. In addition, we find that quotebased competition is prevalent in the market for ETFs.     

Retail investors’ trading and stock market liquidity

The paper investigates the relation between retail investors’ participation in trading and aggregate stock market liquidity. The findings show a positive and significant relation between retail investors’ trading and stock market liquidity. Examination of the determinants of retail investors’ trading reveals that, on average, retail investors with more diversified trading activity tend to trade when liquidity is higher, the frequency of their arrival to the market is not affected by the level of liquidity, and retail investors are willing to trade at a lower liquidity level as sellers than as buyers. Moreover, retail investors’ trading does not create price noise at the aggregate market level. Overall, the evidence suggests that retail investors contribute to market quality.     

成交市值表示的市场流动性模型

本文从市场流动性的定义出发，从证券市场宏观交易角度，依据考察的交易时间长短不同致使新公布的证券市场信息对均衡价格产生影响，最终推导出以成交市值变化率表示的买方流动性和卖方流动性。     

Foreign equity flows: Boon or bane to the liquidity of Malaysian stock market?

This paper examines the impact of gross foreign equity inflows on aggregate liquidity of the Malaysian stock market using newly assembled foreign trading data and the best performing bid-ask spread proxy. Employing vector autoregression, we discover a one-way causality from gross inflows to aggregate liquidity, and foreign investors erode liquidity of the Malaysian stock market. Additional analyses reveal that uncertainties in the U.S. markets negatively affect aggregate liquidity through the flows of foreign institutions, whose positive feedback trading destabilizes the local bourse. Despite the shocks, there is sufficient liquidity provision from local state-backed institutional funds and local proprietary day traders.     

The impact of reduced pre-trade transparency regimes on market quality

This paper studies the effects of pre-trade quote transparency on spread, price discovery and liquidity in an artificial limit order market with heterogeneous trading rules. Our agent-based numerical experiments suggest that full quote transparency incurs substantial transaction costs to traders and dampens trading activity in an order-driven market. Our finding reveals that exogenous restriction of displayed depth, up to several best quotes, does not benefit market performance. On the contrary, endogenous restriction of displayed quote depth, by means of iceberg orders, improves market quality in multiple dimensions: it reduces average transaction costs, maintains higher liquidity and moderate volatility, balances the limit order book, and enhances price discovery.     

重大事件披露、股价异常波动与内幕交易——基于重大信息披露违规公司的经验证据

规范化的信息披露是证券市场正常运转的基石。本文利用重大事件披露违规公司研究信息披露违规背后是否存在股价异常波动与内幕交易现象，并将样本公司按照处分类型和公司类型分类检验。研究表明，总体样本公司的股票存在显著的内幕交易行为，并呈现出牛市背景下的新特征：受到公开谴责的公司股票内幕交易程度显著高于受到公开处罚的公司股票，ST公司股票的内幕交易程度显著高于非ST公司股票。     

Trading patterns in the European carbon market: The role of trading intensity and OTC transactions

This paper examines the effect of trading intensity and OTC transactions on expected market conditions in the early development period of the European Carbon futures market. Past duration and trading intensity are used as information related order flow variables in modelling time between transactions in two new specifications of Autocorrelation Conditional Duration (ACD) models. This allows for specific investigation of non-linear asymmetric effects on expected duration and the impact of OTC transactions. Evidence is presented of two main types of trading episodes of increased and decreased trading intensity. Both have a significant impact on price volatility, which increases further if an OTC transaction intrudes. OTC transactions also play a dual role. They slow down trading activity in the short term (over the next five transactions) but increase it substantially in the long term (over ten transactions). Both the liquidity and information price impact components increase following an OTC trade, but the information impact is greater. Price volatility calms down faster than liquidity effects following an OTC trade, and this is more pronounced in ECX and in Phase II. The combined evidence points towards increased market depth, efficiency and maturity of the trading environment.     

证券交易信息系统与交易运行模式辨析

首先对证券交易信息系统的特性进行了阐述,介绍了证券公司交易系统的主要模式。现行的证券交易系统主要分为两类:以单营业部为基础的独立式交易系统和以中心营业部为基础的集中式交易系统。两种不同特性的交易系统又决定了不同的证券交易运行模式,文章的重点在于对不同的交易模式进行对比分析,并结合实际运行情况,找出能适应证券公司发展的、行之有效的交易模式。最终的结论是集中式交易模式是适应市场发展和公司经营的正确选择。     

Determinants of commonality in liquidity: Evidence from an order-driven emerging market

Using an extensive, time-series, cross-sectional data-set of actively traded Indian stocks with up to 1.75 million firm-day observations, we discern the key determinants of commonality in liquidity among emerging markets. The paper shows evidence for both supply-side and demand-side factors contributing to liquidity commonality. However, the results are more supportive towards supply-side rationale for liquidity commonality among the firms where regulators and banks play an important source of commonality in liquidity, especially during market turmoil. Results are partially driven by the fact that the Indian stick exchange is an order-driven market. Economic activities like cheap exports and undervalued currency, rather than correlated trading by the institutional investors determine the demand for liquidity. These findings endorse the effect of high firm value, market return, liquidity, volatility, turnover, and alternate proxies of commonality in liquidity estimation.