旅游服务供应链运作中成员环节关系的协调研究

旅游服务产品较高的综合性对于旅游服务供应链运作中成员环节关系的协调性提出了较高的要求,考虑到旅行社、游客和旅游运输公司在旅游服务供应链中的重要地位及其关系协调的难度,以此为重点,利用相关理论和模型研究了其关系协调的问题。研究结果认为,旅行社和游客关系中的诚信问题可以通过建立健全相关旅游行业协会、及时发布相关信息的方式,来降低旅游市场供求信息不对称程度加以解决;对于旅行社和航空公司之间的利益博弈和冲突,可以通过对机票价格进行调整折扣的方式,使两者都能实现最优订票策略,从而实现两者价值收益同步达到最大化。     

旅游供应链结构演进及其核心企业重构

旅游供应链的结构及其核心企业都是随着信息技术的变革和旅游业的发展而不断变化的,之前学者们对旅游供应链的结构及其核心企业进行过初步的研究,对于旅游供应链的结构研究经过了由直线型到网络型再到高级网络型的过程,其核心企业也经历了从旅行社到景区再到网络中间商的过程。本文基于前人的研究成果阐述了旅游供应链的结构演进过程,并分析了旅行社、景区和网络中间商作为旅游供应链核心企业的条件和弊端,最后得出智慧旅游服务平台在作为旅游供应链核心企业方面有着比前几者更多的优势。     

旅游服务供应链中若干环节的协调

自20世纪90年代以来,有些学者已经认识到供应链思想应用于旅游业的重要作用,从不同角度对旅游业的发展应加强供应链建设进行了探讨,而目前我国对旅游服务供应链的研究尚处于初始阶段.对于旅游业而言,旅游产品综合性的特点决定了单个旅游企业不可能提供完全的产品,此种属性同时也决定了旅游服务供应链的存在和形成.旅游服务供应链一旦形成,就需要我们考虑各个企业之间的衔接和协调问题.本文先叙述了旅游服务供应链的概念,然后应用博弈模型、经典报童模型就旅游服务供应链中若干环节的协调进行讨论并给出对策.     

旅行社开发会议旅游市场的营销策略研究

长期以来我国旅行社产品结构过于单一,旅行社正面临着重新定位、产品调整和升级换代的局面,而发展会展旅游正是一种理想的选择。面对新兴的旅游产品,调整固有的旅游业务,突破旅行社目前贫乏的旅游服务是整个旅行社行业发展的当务之急。因此,旅行社要发挥会议市场对旅游业的积极作用,就必须在产品、价格、渠道和促销等策略上进行改革。     

旅行社开发会议旅游市场的营销策略研究

长期以来我国旅行社产品结构过于单一,旅行社正面临着重新定位、产品调整和升级换代的局面,而发展会展旅游正是一种理想的选择。面对新兴的旅游产品,调整固有的旅游业务,突破旅行社目前贫乏的旅游服务是整个旅行社行业发展的当务之急。因此,旅行社要发挥会议市场对旅游业的积极作用,就必须在产品、价格、渠道和促销等策略上进行改革。     

旅游服务供应链中成员环节关系的协调

以实现旅游服务供应链中成员环节的协调运转为基本目标,在对旅游服务供应链结构构成了解的基础上,从旅游供应链中的组成要素、基本特征和各个成员环节之间的关系等多个方面出发,阐述了旅游服务供应链管理的重点所在,运用得益模型和最佳数据选择模型对旅游服务供应链中各个成员环节之间协调问题进行分析,并提出了实现旅游服务供应链协调运转的有效措施。     

旅游服务供应链中成员环节关系的协调

以实现旅游服务供应链中成员环节的协调运转为基本目标,在对旅游服务供应链结构构成了解的基础上,从旅游供应链中的组成要素、基本特征和各个成员环节之间的关系等多个方面出发,阐述了旅游服务供应链管理的重点所在,运用得益模型和最佳数据选择模型对旅游服务供应链中各个成员环节之间协调问题进行分析,并提出了实现旅游服务供应链协调运转的有效措施。     

基于旅游服务供应链联盟的京津冀区域旅游合作策略研究

旅游业作为关联度高、带动性强的产业,在京津冀协同发展中发挥重要作用,具有先行先试的优势.在京津冀三地旅游企业发挥各自优势、联合打造世界级旅游目的地基础上,分析了京津冀区域旅游合作的现状及存在的障碍,从旅游服务供应链联盟的构建动因及必要性出发,探寻基于旅游服务供应链联盟的京津冀区域旅游合作策略,旨在通过加强对旅游服务供应链联盟的管理,实现区域内旅游服务供应链的整体优化,促进区域旅游合作向精深方向发展.     

服务供应链对旅游服务的启示

通过对供应链和服务供应链的理解,阐述了旅游服务供应链在旅游业的应用前景.由旅游服务供应链的核心企业协同整合各种信息、资源,相关企业共同合作,形成战略联盟,达到共赢与共同增值,且更好地满足客户的需求的目的.分别从信息管理、流程管理、能力管理、绩效管理和旅游交通的协同设计几个方面,阐述了旅游服务供应链的运作;指出建立有效的旅游服务供应链可促进我国旅游业的发展及提高旅游企业的竞争力.     

基于旅行社视野推进旅游供应链运作模式构建研究

旅游供应链运作模式关系着游客的合理旅游需求能否得到及时有效的满足,是旅游业服务水平提高的重要标志.旅行社在供应链中发挥着重要的作用,是供应链管理的关键因素,基于旅行社视野推进旅游供应链运作模式构建将使旅行社在供应链中发挥其应有的核心影响力,推动供应链运作模式有效构建.     

Incumplimiento del salario mínimo en Europa central y oriental

En este estudio se analiza el incumplimiento del salario mínimo durante el periodo 2003–2012 en diez países de Europa central y oriental con salario mínimo obligatorio nacional. A partir de los datos de EU‐SILC y la metodología propuesta por Bhorat, Kanbur y Mayet (2013), se cuantifica la incidencia y magnitud del incumplimiento. Se realizan análisis de regresión sobre determinantes individuales, laborales y macroeconómicos. Aunque la incidencia permanece relativamente baja, los trabajadores a los que se dirigen las políticas de salario mínimo parecen los más expuestos a su incumplimiento. Con el tiempo, una mayor incidencia se asocia a una razón más alta entre salario mínimo y salario medio.     

Cultural Economy Planning in Creative Cities: Discourse and Practice

While a growing body of research analyses the functional mechanisms of the cultural or creative economy, there has been little attention devoted to understanding how local governments translate this work into policy. Moreover, research in this vein focuses predominately on Richard Florida's creative class thesis rather than considering the wider body of work that may influence policy. This article seeks to develop a deeper understanding of how municipalities conceptualize and plan for the cultural economy through the lens of two cities held up as model ‘creative cities’ — Austin, Texas and Toronto, Ontario. The work pays particular attention to how the cities adopt and adapt leading theories, strategies and discourses of the cultural economy. While policy documents indicate that the cities embrace the creative city model, in practice agencies tend to adapt conventional economic development strategies for cultural economy activity and appropriate the language of the creative city for multiple purposes.     

Input/output ranges and performance: an examination of US machine tool producers

Despite the establishment of high-tech multinational enterprises (MNEs) in Ireland since the late 1950s, the country did not succeed in closing the technological gap with most of its EU counterparts. The weak National System of Innovation (NSI), and in particular low business and government R&D levels, combined with a lack of research and technology linkages between MNEs and indigenous firms, explain these poor results. However, the Shannon region in the West of the country presents some specific institutional characteristics that could theoretically make the region a strong technological enclave. The various actors in the region - i.e. the administrative, financial, political and research institutions, as well as the business organizations - have indeed infused a new type of economic development. After a brief review of the available concepts and models articulated around these actors and their interrelationships, the paper analyses whether the Shannon region, taken as an illustrative example, mirrors a specific economic and technological localized setting. The study is based on a survey of indigenous and foreign firms.     

Sixty years of discrimination and diversity research in human resource management: A review with suggestions for future research directions

This article reviews discrimination and diversity research published in Human Resource Management (HRM) over the past 60 years. While discrimination and diversity are very different constructs, it is often informative to study them together, because when people recognize each other's diversity, this can result in bias, stereotyping, and discrimination. We conducted bibliographic searches for terms related to discrimination and diversity as well as a manual search through every title and abstract published in HRM over the last 60 years to assess article relevance. The search resulted in 135 research articles with 136 unique studies (i.e., samples) which are reviewed in this article. Sex and race are the demographics that have been examined the most in HRM, while religion has been examined the least. Moreover, the number of studies examining lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) employees in the workplace in HRM has grown quickly within the past 10 years, culminating in a recent meta‐analysis. Our review looks at some of the earliest research published, the most recent research published, and the overall trends we identified in the research over the years for both discrimination and diversity articles. We then make future research suggestions and recommendations to advance the study of discrimination and diversity in the coming years.     

The Early History of the Cumulants and the Gram-Charlier Series

The early history of the Gram-Charlier series is discussed from three points of view: (1) a generalization of Laplace's central limit theorem, (2) a least squares approximation to a continuous function by means of Chebyshev-Hermite polynomials, (3) a generalization of Gauss's normal distribution to a system of skew distributions. Thiele defined the cumulants in terms of the moments, first by a recursion formula and later by an expansion of the logarithm of the moment generating function. He devised a differential operator which adjusts any cumulant to a desired value. His little known 1899 paper in Danish on the properties of the cumulants is translated into English in the Appendix.     

Capturing the Implications of Services Trade Liberalization

This paper evaluates the impact of service sector trade liberalization on the world economy by a ten-region, eleven-sector CGE model with import embodied technology transfer from developed countries to developing countries. Simulation results show that service sector trade liberalization not only directly affects world service production and trade, but also has significant implications for other sectors in the economy. The major channel of the impact is through inter-industry input-output relations and TFP growth induced from services imported by developing countries from developed countries, which may be embodied with new information and advanced technology.     

City Children and Genderfied Neighbourhoods: The New Generation as Urban Regeneration Strategy

Former industrial cities in the West are employing gentrification as urban policy. In these policies, women and families currently play an important role as gentrification pioneers. In my analysis of Rotterdam in the Netherlands, I propose the term genderfication to understand the gender dimensions of this process. Genderfication refers to the production of space for different gender relations. I analyse Rotterdam's urban planning program for becoming a ‘child‐friendly city’, which entails replacing existing urban dwellings with new, larger and more expensive ‘family‐friendly homes’ as a strategy for urban re‐generation. Urban re‐generation supplements regeneration in the form of material and economic restructuring, and refers to the replacement of part of the current population by a new and better suited generation. The ‘child‐friendly city program’ is considered in tandem with punitive ‘youth policies’.     

Hierarchical Models in Environmental Science

Environmental systems are complicated. They include very intricate spatio-temporal processes, interacting on a wide variety of scales. There is increasingly vast amounts of data for such processes from geographical information systems, remote sensing platforms, monitoring networks, and computer models. In addition, often there is a great variety of scientific knowledge available for such systems, from partial differential equations based on first principles to panel surveys. It is argued that it is not generally adequate to consider such processes from a joint perspective. Instead, the processes often must be considered as a coherently linked system of conditional models. This paper provides a brief overview of hierarchical approaches applied to environmental processes. The key elements of such models can be considered in three general stages, the data stage, process stage, and parameter stage. In each stage, complicated dependence structure is mitigated by conditioning. For example, the data stage can incorporate measurement errors as well as multiple datasets with varying supports. The process and parameter stages can allow spatial and spatio-temporal processes as well as the direct inclusion of scientific knowledge. The paper concludes with a discussion of some outstanding problems in hierarchical modelling of environmental systems, including the need for new collaboration approaches.