Application of fuzzy mathematical programming to imprecise project management decisions

In real-world project management (PM) decisions, the input data and environmental coefficients are generally imprecise/fuzzy because of incompleteness and unavailability of relevant information over the project planning horizon. This work aims to present a fuzzy mathematical programming approach to solve imprecise PM decision problems with fuzzy goal and fuzzy cost coefficients. The designed PM decision model attempts to minimize total project costs with reference to direct costs, indirect costs, contractual penalty costs, duration of activities and the constraint of available budget. The proposed approach achieves greater computational efficiency by employing the simplified triangular fuzzy number to represent imprecise goal and cost coefficients, and provides a systematic framework that facilitates the decision-making process, enabling a decision maker to interactively modify the imprecise data and related parameters until a satisfactory solution is obtained. An industrial case is implemented to demonstrate the feasibility of applying the proposed approach to practical PM problems. The computational methodology developed in this work can easily be extended to any other situations and can handle the realistic PM decisions in fuzzy environments.     

供应链视角下的农产品质量安全管理研究

近年来,我国农产品安全问题事件层出不穷,解决农产品的安全问题已经成了一个紧迫性的全国性问题。文中基于供应链的视角,从农产品供应链的各个环节、上下游企业角色的博弈、激励和惩罚机制、政府监管等各个角度分析了目前中国农产品供应链管理中存在的食品安全问题的症结所在,并且提出了相对应的解决措施,最后以安徽青松食品有限公司的“安心豆芽”项目为例进行了实证研究。     

基于承包商-供应商协作定价生产的效率与机制研究

在施工企业经营管理中,承包商与材料供应商通过某种方式的协同合作,以实现供应系统整体利益目标。在该供应系统中,基于材料供应商交货时间的不确定性和业主对投标报价的敏感性,建立普通供应合同决策模型和收益共享协同生产和定价的供应决策模型;比较两种合同方式的总体效益,两种合同对供应链协同生产的影响,分析了承包商与材料供应商协同生产中不同风险偏好情形的收益分配方式。     

供应链企业间信任问题的博弈分析

在新的市场环境下,信任已成为一个具有很强的理论意义和现实意义的课题;而供应链企业间的信任则是整个供应链存在和发展的基础。本文在运用博弈论的方法对供应链企业间的信任问题进行详细分析的基础上,提出了供应链节点上企业间实现信任的三种机制:法律机制、信誉机制和感情机制及其各自的分析模型。     

基于供应链的企业物流成本研究

传统的物流成本管理主要是从单个企业内部来进行研究的,在供应链管理概念引进后,物流管理的内容和方法发生了改变,在供应链环境下企业物流成本控制的目标是实现整个供应链物流总成本的最优。文章主要分析了传统物流管理存在的问题,提出了供应链环境下物流成本管理的方法。     

Decision-making in the supply chain: Examining problem solving approaches and information availability

In this paper we investigate the role of two types of problem solving approaches on supply chain performance. Additionally, we investigate how the level of information availability moderates problem solving approach on supply chain performance. We draw on construal level theory from the experimental psychology literature to explain how the problem solving approaches (abstract problem solving approach vs. concrete problem solving approach) contribute to supply chain performance. From this foundation, we run a series of behavioral experiments to test our hypotheses that problem solving approaches and information availability impact supply chain performance as presented in the beer distribution game. A key finding of this study is that individuals who take an abstract problem solving approach are able to perform better than individuals who take a concrete problem solving approach in the context of limited information availability. However, in the context of complete information availability, the impact of both types of problem solving approaches on performance becomes negligible.     

供应链环境下的库存管理分析

随着供应链管理的发展,人们开始寻求供应链总成本的最小化以及客户服务水平的最大化。在这样的背景下,库存管理的内涵也发生了巨大变化,要求企业从传统的只注重自身的库存管理转向对整个供应链的库存控制,从而达到供应链环境下的库存控制模式的最高境界——实现供应链的无缝连接,消除供应链企业之间的高库存现象。作者首先概述了库存管理的相关内容及供应链环境下库存管理的特点;然后,在分析供应链环境下的库存管理现状的基础上,进一步分析优化库存管理的方法。     

基于蚁群算法的物流配送避障路径规划方法

针对物流配送路径规划问题,以可视图法所建的求解环境为基础,利用蚁群优化算法,提出了一种在障碍物环境下求任意两点间的最短路径方法,算法采用了优势个体指导机制,保证了最优解的搜索能力和解的全局收敛性。实验结果证明,该算法收敛快,可靠性高。与传统算法相比,该算法具有全局最优解方面的高效性,明显提高了路径搜索效率。     

运筹学在校区建设中的应用——以某高校新校区建设为例

运筹学自产生以来,得到了迅速的发展和广泛的应用。文章在介绍运筹学产生、发展、应用及其应用特点、步骤的基础上,结合某高校新校区建设成功运用运筹学解决防洪问题,配电标准问题的实例,提出校区建设中许多问题可应用运筹学得到有效解决。如,校区功能布局;供电、供水、供汽线路铺设;电视、电话、电脑网络铺设;楼层、楼高确定;人力资源安排;建设资金调配;树木花草选择、布局等。     

Simulation modeling and optimization for ambulance allocation considering spatiotemporal stochastic demand

To ensure a timely response to emergencies, governments are obliged to implement effective ambulance allocation plans. In practice, an emergency medical service (EMS) system works in an uncertain environment, with stochastic demand, response-times, and travel-times. This uncertainty significantly affects ambulance allocation planning. However, few studies in this field adequately consider the effect of spatiotemporal uncertainty in demand, because it is difficult to measure it quantitatively. As a result, few analytic models capture the dynamic nature of an EMS system and, thus, the allocation plans they generate are not efficient in practice. Therefore, this study proposes a simulation-based optimization method for ambulance allocation. A simulation model is constructed to mimic the operational processes of an EMS system, and to evaluate the performance of an ambulance allocation plan in an uncertain environment. Gaussian mixture model clustering is used to derive the uncertain spatial demand. Then, the simulation generates emergency demand based on the obtained spatial distribution. A Gaussian-process-based search algorithm is used together with the simulation model to identify optimal solutions. To validate the proposed method, a case study is conducted using data on emergency patients in the Shanghai Songjiang District. Compared with the current plan adopted in Songjiang, the experimental results demonstrate that the delay time and frequency of the EMS system can be reduced significantly by employing the proposed methods. Furthermore, nearly 41% of the allocation cost can be saved.     

一种基于实物期权的供应链利益分配模型

提出基于贴现法的供应链合作利润分配传统算法,分析其在不确定环境下的适用性;延迟期权和无形资产的评估是最基本、最重要的实物期权类型,建立基于延迟期权的价值评估与利润分配算法模型,并给出算例。     

Outsourcing logistics operations in circular economy towards to sustainable development goals

One of novel manners to achieve sustainable development is concentrating on circular economy in order to manage greenhouse gas emissions, energy consumption, and waste. It also helps to protect the environment and optimize usage of input resources. The main element of circular economy is closed-loop supply chain which covers both forward and reverse products flows. This study aims to outsource logistics operations in a closed-loop supply chain. An innovative analytical multi-step fuzzy decision-making method is proposed to rank sustainable third-party logistics service providers (3PLSPs). Fuzzy Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) is first used to evaluate the relationships among the main criteria. Then, fuzzy analytic network process (ANP) is applied to weight the determined set of criteria. In order to develop the hybrid fuzzy DEMATEL-ANP method and to simplify the computation, the expert judgment method is used between the two techniques as a middle step to reduce the number of criteria. As many of the criteria overlap with each other on content and context, expert opinions are used to shortlist and rank the criteria. Finally, the 3PLSPs are ranked through the fuzzy complex proportional assessment (COPRAS) method. To validate the practicability and applicability of the improved decision-making model, a household appliance case study is applied with data obtained from industry experts. In this case, five service providers are considered and ranked, while the first one gets the best score. A sensitivity analysis is performed by altering the criteria weights to validate the proposed approach, data, and the obtained results. In terms business and the environment, this study provides success critical criteria for decision-making problems in circular economy for addressing sustainable development.     

集装箱共享模式下不确定语言评价的双边匹配方法

针对集装箱共享不能有效实施的问题,提出一种基于平台的集装箱共享模式,并对集装箱共享模式下的不确定语言评价双边匹配问题提出一种考虑满意度和公平性的双边匹配方法。首先,通过分析集装箱共享模式的运作流程及双边主体的偏好指标,构造基于TOPSIS法的匹配满意度计算规则;其次,考虑双边主体的总体满意度和匹配公平度,建立双边匹配多目标优化模型;最后,通过案例计算验证了设计方法可实现双边匹配结果的输出,有效解决集装箱共享模式下的集装箱需求匹配问题,促进集装箱共享的顺利实施。     

基于供应链的河北省物流企业竞争力分析

阐述了供应链环境下物流企业竞争力的实现方式,提出了供应链合作伙伴的选择指标和物流企业竞争力的评价指标,在此基础上指出河北省物流企业现有的问题,并进一步对其如何提高竞争力提出了相关建议,明确指出第三方物流企业要想做大做强,获得长久的竞争优势,就必须实施供应链物流战略,加快企业改造的步伐,以更优的质量在激烈的市场竞争中占有优势,提高自身的核心竞争力。     

论CALS在供应链管理中的应用

在分析供应链管理存在的问题的基础上，提出了用CALS及相关技术用来解决供应链这些问题的可能性。这些技术包括信息支撑技术、标准化技术、业务流程重组技术及集成数据环境技术。     

基于区块链技术的跨境供应链溯源方法研究

针对跨境贸易过程中多主体之间信息不对称、物流追溯困难、报关手续繁琐等问题,提出了一种基于区块链技术的跨境供应链溯源的方法,并进行了系统方案及业务流程的设计。利用区块链结合RFID、二维码、GPS等物联网技术,实时追踪货物运输路径并采集其位置数据,实现一物一码,将商品从原材料采购、生产、运输、分销、零售等全链路的物流信息,以及其过程中产生的单据、仓单文件写入区块链,形成分布式跨境物流信息共享账本。该方法可以保障每件货物的唯一性与真实性,实现跨境供应链的可信溯源,便于检验检疫、海关、政府、税务局等权威机构线上监管。     

基于Extendsim的多级库存系统仿真

针对多级库存难以控制的问题,利用Extendsim软件对需求和提前期均随机的多级库存系统进行建模和仿真,以供应链的利润最大化为目标,结合该软件的Optimizer模块,对多级库存各节点的订货点、订货量进行遗传算法计算。从而有效地解决了多级库存难以管理的问题。     

全球性供应链汇率风险管理对策分析

汇率是一国货币兑换另一国货币的比率。世界大部分国家实行浮动汇率制,导致国际市场上汇率始终处于不确定变化之中,从而影响跨国企业的国际收支平衡和企业的经济收益,此即汇率风险。文章分析了汇率风险对企业供应链的供应商选择、采购、库存和分销等环节的影响规律,并从风险规划、风险控制和风险监视三个方面提出了具体应对策略。     

基于协同理论的紧急供应链网络系统研究

由于应急供应链系统自身的复杂性与所处环境的不确定性,在研究紧急供应链网络时应采用复杂系统的观点和方法,考虑供应链网络中各节点存在的问题及各因素间的相互作用。基于协同理论,并以响应延迟、周转时间、费用成本三者的最小化为目标,研究创建能够积极响应、适应性强、具有较高鲁棒性水平的紧急供应链网络。     

基于最小费用最大流的集群式供应链库存优化

首先介绍了集群式供应链库存管理存在的问题,据此设计出系统优化的网络结构,引入最小费用最大流的方法并进行了实际的赋值计算,然后提出了集群式供应链库存的优化模型,结尾对建立在集群式供应链基础上的库存管理的实际意义进行了评价。