供应链环境下双边道德风险的激励机制研究

研究在双边道德风险下供应链应如何设计激励机制。从制造商的视角运用博弈论、委托代理理论构建了一个由风险中性的制造商和一个风险中性的零售商组成的二级供应链在双边道德风险下最优的报酬契约,借助模型分析得出:在双边道德风险下,双方的努力水平总是低于信息对称条件下的努力水平。同时,在双边道德风险的契约设计中,制造商通过对收益分享系数的设计,可以降低双边道德风险,激励双方合作。     

含有主从零售商的供应链Groves批发价格契约

研究了含有一个制造商、一个主导零售商和多个从属零售商的供应链协调问题,分析了供应链集中式决策时的最优零售价格和服务水平。然后利用Groves批发价格契约来协调供应链,得出了Groves批发价格契约下制造商的最优决策、主导零售商和从属零售商的利润,并给出了制造商给予主导零售商的最优批发价格。最后通过一个算例进行分析和验证。     

含有主从零售商的供应链Groves批发价格契约

研究了含有一个制造商、一个主导零售商和多个从属零售商的供应链协调问题,分析了供应链集中式决策时的最优零售价格和服务水平。然后利用Groves批发价格契约来协调供应链,得出了Groves批发价格契约下制造商的最优决策、主导零售商和从属零售商的利润,并给出了制造商给予主导零售商的最优批发价格。最后通过一个算例进行分析和验证。     

基于收入共享契约的供应链协调研究

主要研究了收入共享契约对供应链的协调。在市场需求不确定下,分别建立了对称信息下与非对称信息下的供应链收入共享契约协调模型,分析了在此模型下供应商与零售商的决策行为,及其参数的约束条件。由此,得到了供应链的最佳利润。最后,通过算例分析,验证了收入共享契约对供应链的协调作用。     

引入供应商的公平偏好的供应链激励契约设计

利用委托代理模型研究了零售商具有公平偏好情况下的二级供应链委托代理问题.在假设零售商具有公平偏好以及零售商的最大努力水平和最小努力水平可预测的前提下,分别设计了对称信息和不对称信息两种情况下的供应链激励契约.     

基于收益共享和风险规避的品牌专营供应链协调研究

以一个两阶段的品牌专营供应链系统为背景,针对供应链上决策激励不一致和风险规避效应导致供应链低效的问题,研究了在实践中广泛应用的收益共享契约对品牌专营供应链协调性的影响。证明了收益共享契约可克服双重边际效应和风险规避效应,使供应链得到协调,并给出了契约参数的设计方案,同时指出了销售商风险规避偏好对供应链决策的影响。     

存在自营店的供应链薪酬激励机制研究

针对存在自营店的供应链薪酬激励机制设计问题,首先在对称信息和非对称信息下建立了由制造商、零售商及自营店组成的供应链薪酬激励机制模型,然后分析存在自营店的薪酬激励机制设计结果及其信息价值,最后对自营店引入前后的模型结果进行比较.研究表明,在对称信息和非对称信息下,零售商在零售店中的努力水平始终不超过制造商在自营店中的努力水 平;制造商通过引入自营店可以获得额外的期望收益,并且产出系数越大、努力成本越低,制造商所获得的额外期望收益越多.     

不对称风险规避信息下的供应链回购契约研究

分析了回购契约下,零售商风险规避程度对零售商订货量以及供应链上成员利润的影响,考虑了在风险规避信息在对称与不对称情况下,风险规避程度对供应链上成员利润的影响,以及风险规避度信息对生产商的价值。结论表明,供应链上成员利润为风险规避程度的减函数,信息对称情况下供应链上成员利润要优于非对称信息情况下。     

引入自有品牌的供应链激励机制设计研究

针对引入自有品牌的供应链激励机制设计问题,首先在对称信息和非对称信息下建立由两个制造商和一个零售商组成的供应链激励机制模型,接着分析引入自有品牌的供应链激励机制均衡结果,最后对自有品牌引入前后的均衡结果进行比较.通过分析发现,零售商在制造商品牌上的努力水平始终不超过其在自有品牌上的努力水平;在对称信息下,零售商引入自有品牌肯定会使制造商受到损失,而在非对称信息下制造商可能会从中获利.     

基于非对称性质量风险的旅游产品供应链运作问题分析

以非对称性质量风险为基础研究了旅游产品供应链运作问题,建立了制造商和供应商共同组成的供应链模型,同时利用博弈方法探讨了面对不对称质量风险时为了得到最大的利益旅游产品供应链成员所作出的相应决策。     

Incumplimiento del salario mínimo en Europa central y oriental

En este estudio se analiza el incumplimiento del salario mínimo durante el periodo 2003–2012 en diez países de Europa central y oriental con salario mínimo obligatorio nacional. A partir de los datos de EU‐SILC y la metodología propuesta por Bhorat, Kanbur y Mayet (2013), se cuantifica la incidencia y magnitud del incumplimiento. Se realizan análisis de regresión sobre determinantes individuales, laborales y macroeconómicos. Aunque la incidencia permanece relativamente baja, los trabajadores a los que se dirigen las políticas de salario mínimo parecen los más expuestos a su incumplimiento. Con el tiempo, una mayor incidencia se asocia a una razón más alta entre salario mínimo y salario medio.     

Cultural Economy Planning in Creative Cities: Discourse and Practice

While a growing body of research analyses the functional mechanisms of the cultural or creative economy, there has been little attention devoted to understanding how local governments translate this work into policy. Moreover, research in this vein focuses predominately on Richard Florida's creative class thesis rather than considering the wider body of work that may influence policy. This article seeks to develop a deeper understanding of how municipalities conceptualize and plan for the cultural economy through the lens of two cities held up as model ‘creative cities’ — Austin, Texas and Toronto, Ontario. The work pays particular attention to how the cities adopt and adapt leading theories, strategies and discourses of the cultural economy. While policy documents indicate that the cities embrace the creative city model, in practice agencies tend to adapt conventional economic development strategies for cultural economy activity and appropriate the language of the creative city for multiple purposes.     

Input/output ranges and performance: an examination of US machine tool producers

Despite the establishment of high-tech multinational enterprises (MNEs) in Ireland since the late 1950s, the country did not succeed in closing the technological gap with most of its EU counterparts. The weak National System of Innovation (NSI), and in particular low business and government R&D levels, combined with a lack of research and technology linkages between MNEs and indigenous firms, explain these poor results. However, the Shannon region in the West of the country presents some specific institutional characteristics that could theoretically make the region a strong technological enclave. The various actors in the region - i.e. the administrative, financial, political and research institutions, as well as the business organizations - have indeed infused a new type of economic development. After a brief review of the available concepts and models articulated around these actors and their interrelationships, the paper analyses whether the Shannon region, taken as an illustrative example, mirrors a specific economic and technological localized setting. The study is based on a survey of indigenous and foreign firms.     

Sixty years of discrimination and diversity research in human resource management: A review with suggestions for future research directions

This article reviews discrimination and diversity research published in Human Resource Management (HRM) over the past 60 years. While discrimination and diversity are very different constructs, it is often informative to study them together, because when people recognize each other's diversity, this can result in bias, stereotyping, and discrimination. We conducted bibliographic searches for terms related to discrimination and diversity as well as a manual search through every title and abstract published in HRM over the last 60 years to assess article relevance. The search resulted in 135 research articles with 136 unique studies (i.e., samples) which are reviewed in this article. Sex and race are the demographics that have been examined the most in HRM, while religion has been examined the least. Moreover, the number of studies examining lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) employees in the workplace in HRM has grown quickly within the past 10 years, culminating in a recent meta‐analysis. Our review looks at some of the earliest research published, the most recent research published, and the overall trends we identified in the research over the years for both discrimination and diversity articles. We then make future research suggestions and recommendations to advance the study of discrimination and diversity in the coming years.     

Multinomial distributions applied to random sampling of particulate materials

When sampling a batch consisting of particulate material, the distribution of a sample estimator can be characterized using knowledge about the sample drawing process. With Bernoulli sampling, the number of particles in the sample is binomially distributed. Because this is rarely realized in practice, we propose a sampling design in which the possible samples have a nearly equal mass. Expected values and variances of the sample estimator are calculated. It is shown that the sample estimator becomes identical to the Horvitz–Thompson estimator in the case of a large batch-to-sample mass ratio and a large sample mass. Simulations and experiments were performed to test the theory. Simulations confirm that the round-off error due to the discrete nature of particles is negligible for large sample sizes. Sampling experiments were carried out with a mixture of PolyPropylene (PP) and PolyTetraFluorEthylene (PTFE) spheres suspended in a viscous medium. The measured and theoretical variations are in good agreement.     

The Early History of the Cumulants and the Gram-Charlier Series

The early history of the Gram-Charlier series is discussed from three points of view: (1) a generalization of Laplace's central limit theorem, (2) a least squares approximation to a continuous function by means of Chebyshev-Hermite polynomials, (3) a generalization of Gauss's normal distribution to a system of skew distributions. Thiele defined the cumulants in terms of the moments, first by a recursion formula and later by an expansion of the logarithm of the moment generating function. He devised a differential operator which adjusts any cumulant to a desired value. His little known 1899 paper in Danish on the properties of the cumulants is translated into English in the Appendix.     

Capturing the Implications of Services Trade Liberalization

This paper evaluates the impact of service sector trade liberalization on the world economy by a ten-region, eleven-sector CGE model with import embodied technology transfer from developed countries to developing countries. Simulation results show that service sector trade liberalization not only directly affects world service production and trade, but also has significant implications for other sectors in the economy. The major channel of the impact is through inter-industry input-output relations and TFP growth induced from services imported by developing countries from developed countries, which may be embodied with new information and advanced technology.     

Performance appraisal and culture: practice and attitudes in Hong Kong and Great Britain

This article compares the practice of and attitudes towards performance appraisal for managerial and professional staff in Hong Kong and Britain, and considers the extent to which actual practice and employee preferences are in alignment. Findings suggest that appraisal may be more widespread in Hong Kong than in Britain. However, British appraisal tends to be more participative and to place greater emphasis on discussing objectives, development and career plans. Hong Kong appraisals appear to be more directive and Hong Kong respondents perceive a higher level of 'negative' appraiser behaviour. In spite of this, Hong Kong respondents show if anything slightly more confidence in the utility of appraisal than do British respondents. They show stronger support for appraisal's use for reward and punishment and less support for the objectives-setting and training and development uses than do the British sample. Hong Kong respondents are more likely than their British counterparts to favour involving a more senior manager in appraisal, and they are less likely to prefer more frequent appraisals. There was little evidence that Hong Kong respondents had a stronger preference for group-based appraisal criteria, although they did show more support than the British sample for the use of personality as a basis for appraisal. Overall, the suggestion is that appraisal has been adopted in Hong Kong organizations but that the practice of appraisal has been adapted to suit the cultural characteristics of the society.     

Narrative construction of expatriate experience and career cycle: discursive patterns in Finnish stories of international

Expatriate experience is not only a disconnected occasion for cross-cultural anxiety and adjustment but also an important event in the process of self-development and learning. Following this view and arguing for a discursive approach, the paper focuses on ways in which expatriates themselves tell and interpret their development and movement across expatriate career cycle. Meaning systems connecting expatriate job with previous and following work experiences in career stories of Finnish engineers and managers were identified using a combination of narrative and discourse analysis. No evidence was found of an autonomous expatriate discourse but, in contrast, expatriate career cycle was narrated using available organizational repertoires of development and career. Describing and discussing the meaning-making properties of three identified discourses - bureaucratic, occupational and enterprising - the paper emphasizes the organizational environment of expatriate experience while acknowledging the limits of these contemporary career vocabularies in addressing individual learning and change in cross-cultural settings.     

Internet professionals: job skills for an on-line age

The paper explores the increasing popularity of the Internet technology Singapore. It argues that the diffusion of Internet technology to South-East Asia would create new duties and responsibilities for human resource (HR) managers. One such duty is the identification of the skills which professional Internet staff would need to perform their work effectively in organizations. Using a triangulation research method, empirical study has identified the new professional Internet jobs which have emerged the IT industry in Singapore and the skills that professional Internet personnel require do their jobs effectively. Analysis of the findings indicates that professional Internet skills involve both technical and creative abilities and that, in explaining or defining professional Internet skills, it is necessary to use both the technical and the social conceptions of skill. This argument is based on the view that the creative skills include tacit skills so that a definition based solely on the technical conception of skill cannot capture the various dimensions of Internet skills. The implications of the research findings for human resource managers are raised.