企业利益相关者财权配置研究

传统的“股东主权”治理关注的是股东利益保护,而公司财务治理主要关注股东和经营者的企业内部财权配置。随着利益相关者理论的发展,现代企业的利益相关者都应有平等机会,享有企业剩余索取权和剩余控制权,企业的财权配置应不仅是内部财权配置,还应扩展到包括外部利益相关者在内的外部财权配置,以及为保证利益相关者财权配置实现的相机治理机制。     

股东主导下的企业财权配置

企业财权的安排是否合理、有效,关系企业治理的成败、决策效率与持续发展。本文探讨了相关的企业治理理论,在此基础上揭示了企业财权配置的特征,指出股东是企业财权的主导,各利益相关者是在股东的主导下参与企业财权分配,并提出了股东主导下的企业财权配置。     

基于利益相关者的国有企业经营绩效评价体系的构建

企业是由股东、债权人、顾客、员工、政府等利益相关者共同作用的有机整体,各利益相关者的利益需求及程度各不相同.在评价企业经营者绩效的好坏时,仅以股东利益至上为目标,并将此目标作为企业经营者绩效评价的唯一标准,显然是片面和不科学的,在实践中这种以股东利益至上为目标的企业绩效评价方式已经不断显现弊端.国有企业本身具有经济性和社会性双重属性,这要求在评价企业经营者绩效时,除了考虑股东利益外,还必须考虑顾客、社区大众、员工等其他利益相关者的利益需求,建立基于利益相关者利益需求的绩效评价系统,符合我们建设和谐社会的要求.     

警惕股东财富最大化目标下的财务次优决策

企业契约理论认为,企业是许多利益相关者订立一系列契约的集合,企业的财权安排应充分考虑各利益相关者的利益。然而,股东财富最大化的目标会使得企业管理当局仅仅考虑股东的利益,做出以牺牲企业价值换取增加股东财富的财务次优决策,本文通过案例分析说明了这一点。     

从社会责任角度看企业财权配置

企业社会责任问题的实质是企业的利益相关者问题，其强调企业对广泛利益相关者利益的关注。这冲击着传统的以“股权至上”为主导的企业治理结构以及财务治理结构。作为财务治理的核心，企业的财权配置要作适当的调整，即一方面吸引新的利益相关者参与企业财权的配置，另一方面适当扩充财务治理主体的财权内容。     

从社会责任角度看企业财权配置

企业社会责任问题的实质是企业的利益相关者问题,其强调企业对广泛利益相关者利益的关注。这冲击着传统的以“股权至上”为主导的企业治理结构以及财务治理结构。作为财务治理的核心,企业的财权配置要作适当的调整,即一方面吸引新的利益相关者参与企业财权的配置,另一方面适当扩充财务治理主体的财权内容。     

上市公司利益相关者财权配置研究

财权配置是上市公司财务治理的核心内容,运用利益相关者理论来研究企业财权配置对于拓展企业治理理论具有重要的理论和现实意义.文章从利益相关者理论视角,对上市公司财权配置对象进行了界定,明确了财权配置的原则,指出各利益相关者财权的实现,需要依托公司治理的共同机制和相机治理机制.     

再议公司财务治理的客体:财权

一、财权的来源:从股东的资本到利益相关者的资源公司财权的源泉决定着公司财权的动机和财务运作目标,也决定着公司财权的配置结构。实际上,这个命题等价于公司权力的来源。从理论和现实看,谁拥有企业权力,谁也就分享企业财权。主流     

基于利益相关者的国有企业经营者绩效评价体系的构建

企业是由股东、债权人、顾客、员工、政府等利益相关者共同作用的有机整体,各利益相关者的利益需求及程度各不相同。在评价企业经营者绩效的好坏时,仅以股东利益至上为目标,并将此目标作为企业经营者绩效评价的唯一标准,显然是片面和不科学的,在实践中这种以股东利益至上为目标的企业绩效评价方式已经不断显现弊端。国有企业本身具有经济性和社会性双重属性，这要求在评价企业经营者绩效时，     

再议公司财务治理的客体：财权

一、财权的来源：从股东的资本到利益相关者的资源 公司财权的源泉决定着公司财权的动机和财务运作目标,也决定着公司财权的配置结构。实际上,这个命题等价于公司权力的来源。从理论和现实看,谁拥有企业权力,谁也就分享企业财权。主流的经济学和管理学理论认为,公司的财权形成于财务资本,换句话说,     

Incumplimiento del salario mínimo en Europa central y oriental

En este estudio se analiza el incumplimiento del salario mínimo durante el periodo 2003–2012 en diez países de Europa central y oriental con salario mínimo obligatorio nacional. A partir de los datos de EU‐SILC y la metodología propuesta por Bhorat, Kanbur y Mayet (2013), se cuantifica la incidencia y magnitud del incumplimiento. Se realizan análisis de regresión sobre determinantes individuales, laborales y macroeconómicos. Aunque la incidencia permanece relativamente baja, los trabajadores a los que se dirigen las políticas de salario mínimo parecen los más expuestos a su incumplimiento. Con el tiempo, una mayor incidencia se asocia a una razón más alta entre salario mínimo y salario medio.     

Cultural Economy Planning in Creative Cities: Discourse and Practice

While a growing body of research analyses the functional mechanisms of the cultural or creative economy, there has been little attention devoted to understanding how local governments translate this work into policy. Moreover, research in this vein focuses predominately on Richard Florida's creative class thesis rather than considering the wider body of work that may influence policy. This article seeks to develop a deeper understanding of how municipalities conceptualize and plan for the cultural economy through the lens of two cities held up as model ‘creative cities’ — Austin, Texas and Toronto, Ontario. The work pays particular attention to how the cities adopt and adapt leading theories, strategies and discourses of the cultural economy. While policy documents indicate that the cities embrace the creative city model, in practice agencies tend to adapt conventional economic development strategies for cultural economy activity and appropriate the language of the creative city for multiple purposes.     

Input/output ranges and performance: an examination of US machine tool producers

Despite the establishment of high-tech multinational enterprises (MNEs) in Ireland since the late 1950s, the country did not succeed in closing the technological gap with most of its EU counterparts. The weak National System of Innovation (NSI), and in particular low business and government R&D levels, combined with a lack of research and technology linkages between MNEs and indigenous firms, explain these poor results. However, the Shannon region in the West of the country presents some specific institutional characteristics that could theoretically make the region a strong technological enclave. The various actors in the region - i.e. the administrative, financial, political and research institutions, as well as the business organizations - have indeed infused a new type of economic development. After a brief review of the available concepts and models articulated around these actors and their interrelationships, the paper analyses whether the Shannon region, taken as an illustrative example, mirrors a specific economic and technological localized setting. The study is based on a survey of indigenous and foreign firms.     

Sixty years of discrimination and diversity research in human resource management: A review with suggestions for future research directions

This article reviews discrimination and diversity research published in Human Resource Management (HRM) over the past 60 years. While discrimination and diversity are very different constructs, it is often informative to study them together, because when people recognize each other's diversity, this can result in bias, stereotyping, and discrimination. We conducted bibliographic searches for terms related to discrimination and diversity as well as a manual search through every title and abstract published in HRM over the last 60 years to assess article relevance. The search resulted in 135 research articles with 136 unique studies (i.e., samples) which are reviewed in this article. Sex and race are the demographics that have been examined the most in HRM, while religion has been examined the least. Moreover, the number of studies examining lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) employees in the workplace in HRM has grown quickly within the past 10 years, culminating in a recent meta‐analysis. Our review looks at some of the earliest research published, the most recent research published, and the overall trends we identified in the research over the years for both discrimination and diversity articles. We then make future research suggestions and recommendations to advance the study of discrimination and diversity in the coming years.     

Multinomial distributions applied to random sampling of particulate materials

When sampling a batch consisting of particulate material, the distribution of a sample estimator can be characterized using knowledge about the sample drawing process. With Bernoulli sampling, the number of particles in the sample is binomially distributed. Because this is rarely realized in practice, we propose a sampling design in which the possible samples have a nearly equal mass. Expected values and variances of the sample estimator are calculated. It is shown that the sample estimator becomes identical to the Horvitz–Thompson estimator in the case of a large batch-to-sample mass ratio and a large sample mass. Simulations and experiments were performed to test the theory. Simulations confirm that the round-off error due to the discrete nature of particles is negligible for large sample sizes. Sampling experiments were carried out with a mixture of PolyPropylene (PP) and PolyTetraFluorEthylene (PTFE) spheres suspended in a viscous medium. The measured and theoretical variations are in good agreement.     

The Early History of the Cumulants and the Gram-Charlier Series

The early history of the Gram-Charlier series is discussed from three points of view: (1) a generalization of Laplace's central limit theorem, (2) a least squares approximation to a continuous function by means of Chebyshev-Hermite polynomials, (3) a generalization of Gauss's normal distribution to a system of skew distributions. Thiele defined the cumulants in terms of the moments, first by a recursion formula and later by an expansion of the logarithm of the moment generating function. He devised a differential operator which adjusts any cumulant to a desired value. His little known 1899 paper in Danish on the properties of the cumulants is translated into English in the Appendix.     

Capturing the Implications of Services Trade Liberalization

This paper evaluates the impact of service sector trade liberalization on the world economy by a ten-region, eleven-sector CGE model with import embodied technology transfer from developed countries to developing countries. Simulation results show that service sector trade liberalization not only directly affects world service production and trade, but also has significant implications for other sectors in the economy. The major channel of the impact is through inter-industry input-output relations and TFP growth induced from services imported by developing countries from developed countries, which may be embodied with new information and advanced technology.     

Performance appraisal and culture: practice and attitudes in Hong Kong and Great Britain

This article compares the practice of and attitudes towards performance appraisal for managerial and professional staff in Hong Kong and Britain, and considers the extent to which actual practice and employee preferences are in alignment. Findings suggest that appraisal may be more widespread in Hong Kong than in Britain. However, British appraisal tends to be more participative and to place greater emphasis on discussing objectives, development and career plans. Hong Kong appraisals appear to be more directive and Hong Kong respondents perceive a higher level of 'negative' appraiser behaviour. In spite of this, Hong Kong respondents show if anything slightly more confidence in the utility of appraisal than do British respondents. They show stronger support for appraisal's use for reward and punishment and less support for the objectives-setting and training and development uses than do the British sample. Hong Kong respondents are more likely than their British counterparts to favour involving a more senior manager in appraisal, and they are less likely to prefer more frequent appraisals. There was little evidence that Hong Kong respondents had a stronger preference for group-based appraisal criteria, although they did show more support than the British sample for the use of personality as a basis for appraisal. Overall, the suggestion is that appraisal has been adopted in Hong Kong organizations but that the practice of appraisal has been adapted to suit the cultural characteristics of the society.     

Narrative construction of expatriate experience and career cycle: discursive patterns in Finnish stories of international

Expatriate experience is not only a disconnected occasion for cross-cultural anxiety and adjustment but also an important event in the process of self-development and learning. Following this view and arguing for a discursive approach, the paper focuses on ways in which expatriates themselves tell and interpret their development and movement across expatriate career cycle. Meaning systems connecting expatriate job with previous and following work experiences in career stories of Finnish engineers and managers were identified using a combination of narrative and discourse analysis. No evidence was found of an autonomous expatriate discourse but, in contrast, expatriate career cycle was narrated using available organizational repertoires of development and career. Describing and discussing the meaning-making properties of three identified discourses - bureaucratic, occupational and enterprising - the paper emphasizes the organizational environment of expatriate experience while acknowledging the limits of these contemporary career vocabularies in addressing individual learning and change in cross-cultural settings.     

Internet professionals: job skills for an on-line age

The paper explores the increasing popularity of the Internet technology Singapore. It argues that the diffusion of Internet technology to South-East Asia would create new duties and responsibilities for human resource (HR) managers. One such duty is the identification of the skills which professional Internet staff would need to perform their work effectively in organizations. Using a triangulation research method, empirical study has identified the new professional Internet jobs which have emerged the IT industry in Singapore and the skills that professional Internet personnel require do their jobs effectively. Analysis of the findings indicates that professional Internet skills involve both technical and creative abilities and that, in explaining or defining professional Internet skills, it is necessary to use both the technical and the social conceptions of skill. This argument is based on the view that the creative skills include tacit skills so that a definition based solely on the technical conception of skill cannot capture the various dimensions of Internet skills. The implications of the research findings for human resource managers are raised.