我国上市公司股权激励机制研究

股权激励作为公司高层管理人员的一项长期激励机制,将企业经营者、股东利益、公司的长远发展结合在一起,从而促使公司经营者在谋求公司与股东利益最大化的同时获得自身利益的最大化.现代企业理论和国内外的实践表明,股权激励对于改善公司的治理结构、完善委托代理关系、提高管理效率,增强公司的市场竞争力都具有非常积极的作用.股权激励的宏观经济环境和相关配套法规政策是股权激励有效发挥作用的关键.本文从我国国情出发,对上市公司股权激励实施现状进行了描述,包括我国上市公司股权激励在制度上的发展和股权激励的模式及其特点等.目前,我国上市公司股权激励制度尚未完善,实践中也存在很多问题,因此本文针对股权激励在我国上市公司实施中出现的问题,在宏观经济环境和公司治理结构上提出了一些建议.     

浅析股权激励在现代企业高管激励机制中的应用

股权激励制度是当今企业制度的重要组成部分,股权激励机制将股东利益、公司利益和经营者个人利益结合在一起,减少了管理者的短期行为,是企业长期稳定发展不可或缺的机制。文章结合东睦新材料集团股份有限公司实施的股权激励的实践,论述这一机制在企业中的运用及现实意义。     

股权分置改革的重新审视:一个文献综述

对管理层进行股权激励的目的是使管理层和股东的利益一致,从而减少代理成本,达到保护股东利益的效果。中国自2006年正式颁布法规对管理层股权激励进行规范,其实际效果如何?文章以2006年已经实施股权激励的公司为样本,对实施前后全体股东的利益和中小股东的利益情况、实施与未实施股权激励的公司股东利益情况分别进行研究,得出实施管理层股权激励对全体股东有利,同时并未影响大股东侵害中小股东的程度的结论。     

经营者持股是建立我国国企企业经营者激励机制的有效形式

1.实施经营者持股的必要性。股权激励是现代公司制企业以公司股权为利益载体,借助于企业的价值追求与企业经营者利益协调互动的模型,谋求极大地激化经营者主动性和创造力的一种全新的激励方式。它的出现,是企业物质激励方式的一次深刻变革。同时,股权激励作为中长期激励机制,有助于解决股东与经营者之间的     

我国国有上市公司股权激励存在的问题以及政策建议

国有控股上市公司实施股权激励是进一步完善治理结构,提高企业所有者与经营者利益一致性的有效手段,对于增强投资者信心,增加企业资金来源,提高管理效率、防止人才流失,提高经营业绩都有十分重要的作用。而股权激励制度安排影响公司管理行为是否符合股东价值最大化,是支撑公司高管理性配置公司驱动资产的关键。针对我国国有上市公司股权激励存在的问题,提出了一些完善我国上市公司股权激励的建议。     

论我国上市公司的股权激励机制

股权激励机制有助于降低企业管理成本、提高企业经济效益,是一种有效的长期激励手段,正在越来越多地被我国企业采用.股权激励在我国自上世纪末开始实施,目前,已经推行和实施的股权激励方式主要有期股激励和管理层收购(MBO).与发达国家相比,我国上市公司股权激励机制的发展严重滞后,股权激励制度还处于萌芽状态,上市公司中还没有非常规范的股票期权计划.完善股权激励机制的几点建议:制定和完善配套的法律法规;建立规范有效的股票市场;建立科学的考核业绩标准;完善公司治理结构和健全企业内部监督机制;制定严格的信息披露制度.     

大股东利益侵占对股权激励实施效应的影响

基于中国上市公司2003—2007年的面板数据,对大股东利益侵占与股权激励实施效应之间的关系问题的研究发现：大股东对中小股东利益的侵占将损害股权激励实施效应,对上市公司业绩带来负向影响;内部人控制问题送一步加重了大股东侵占的代理成本,对股权激励实施效应带来负向影响。这也说明,集中的股权结构下,股权激励在解决现代企业委托代理问题上无显著效果。     

股期激励对投资影响研究

公司所有权和经营权的分离造成了所有者和经理人之间的利益存在冲突,股权激励是一种通过经营者获得公司股权形式,使他们能够以股东的身份参与企业决策、分享利润、承担风险,从而勤勉尽责地为公司的长期发展服务的一种激励方法。文章通过理论分析,借鉴国内外的上市公司非效率投资问题上的研究成果,研究在目前阶段我国企业的投资问题,建立投资中的非效率投资计量模型、股权激励比例与非效率投资关系模型,希望为后期分析经理人持股与公司非效率投资之间的关系以及影响股权激励作用发挥的主要因素,为促进上市公司进行理性投资,提高投资效率提供一定的帮助,同时也期望为实行股权激励,改善相应的激励机制提供一定的参考。     

论股权激励对企业绩效的影响——以青岛海尔为例

随着公司所有权与经营权的分离,委托代理矛盾日益突出,股权激励机制作为解决委托代理问题的重要途径应运而生.本文以青岛海尔为例,探讨了其实施股权激励的方案和完成情况,分析了实施股权激励对企业绩效的影响,并针对青岛海尔及我国上市公司实施股权激励的普遍问题提出了完善对策和建议.     

股权激励财务管理问题研究

股权激励是公司按照约定给予高级管理人员公司股权,使其能够以股东身份参与公司决策、分享公司利润、承担公司风险,从而更加勤勉尽责地为公司的长期发展服务的一种激励方法。公司股权激励按照基本权利义务关系的不同,可分为现股激励、期股激励和期权激励。我国目前使用较为广泛的是期权激励。为逐步规范和完善股权激励的实施,我国相关部门陆续出台了一系列法规政策,为企业实施股权激励创造了条件。     

Pleasure and belief in Hume's Decision Process

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to introduce explicitly pleasure and belief in what aims at being a Humean theory of decision, like the one developed in Diaye and Lapidus (2005a). Although we support the idea that Hume was in some way a hedonist – evidently different from Bentham's or Jevons' way – we lay emphasis less on continuity than on the specific kind of hedonism encountered in Hume's writings (chiefly the Treatise, the second Enquiry, the Dissertation, or some of his Essays). Such hedonism clearly contrasts to its standard modern inheritance, expressed by the relation between preferences and utility.

The reason for such a difference with the usual approach lies in the mental process that Hume puts to the fore in order to explain the way pleasure determines desires and volition. Whereas pleasure is primarily, in Hume's words, an impression of sensation, it takes place in the birth of passions as reflecting an idea of pleasure, whose “force and vivacity” is precisely a “belief”, transferred to the direct passions of desire or volition that come immediately before action. As a result, from a Humean point of view, “belief” deals with decision under risk or uncertainty, as well as with intertemporal decision and indiscrimination problems.

The latter are explored within a formal framework, and it is shown that the relation of pleasure is transformed by belief into a non-empty class of relations of desire, among which at least one is a preorder.     

Globalization,Neoliberalism and the attack on social security

Neoliberal political movements advocate privatization of public pension systems. Globalization imposes pressure on nations to conform to neoliberal policy views with respect to the design and structure of social insurance, including public pension systems. The paper begins with an investigation of the economic, ethical and ideological dimensions of the privatization debates in the U.S.; it argues that privatization advocates may be largely moved by ideology, since the other reasons advanced appear weak or unfounded. The second part discusses the history of Social Security, the purposes for its creation, and some of its economic effects. Differences between public and private pension systems are considered. A brief international comparison of some aspects of public pension system finance and benefit structures is presented. The final section considers the ethical, macroeconomic and distributional implications of privatization, prefunding and payroll tax funding, and argues for a pay as you go system financed with income taxes. In order to promote equity, economic security, community, and social cohesion, public pension systems should be universal in coverage. In order to reduce the inequality, income insecurity, and aged poverty generated by market economies, public pension systems ought to be progressive: benefit/contribution ratios should be inversely proportional to income, and progressive income taxes should finance the system. To promote economic growth, the systems should be financed on a pay-as-you-go basis, and should not be prefunded except for an emergency reserve. The fiscal policy recommendations partially depend upon the theory developed by Abba Lerner in the 1940s, and recently advanced by Wynne Godley and Randy Wray: Lerner's “principle of functional finance.”     

Interest on reserves and inflation

The payment of interest on reserves has been a common practice in inflationary economies. This policy may seem paradoxical since it involves returning part of the seigniorage, generated by the inflation process, with the intention to finance the fiscal deficit. This paper argues that the motivation for this policy can be captured by the discretionary regime, where the policymaker pays interest on reserves because he is concerned with the erosion of real liquidity by inflation, which is in part beyond his control. However, this policy is an unlikely outcome in the commitment regime, where the policymaker is in full control of inflation.     

Bayesian estimation of duration models: An application of the multiperiod probit model

The multiperiod probit model is presented and Bayesian estimation using the Gibbs sampler with data augmentation is described. As an empirical illustration, the multiperiod probit model is then used to estimate a duration model using employment duration data for the Canadian province of New Brunswick. Bayesian estimation with unobserved heterogeneity is shown to be a simple extension of estimation of a duration model with no unobserved heterogeneity. More importantly, perhaps, some numerical problems encountered by other authors using Maximum Likelihood are avoided.I would like to thank M. Baker, G. Koop, A. Melino and D. Poirier for helpful comments and discussions. I would also like to thank M. Baker for providing his data.     

Scenarios and creativity: Thinking in new boxes

To be creative and make change happen, leaders must do more than simply ‘think outside the box’, as the traditional business manuals suggest, using the popular American expression. After all, the space outside the box is infinitely expansive. Moreover, there can be no guarantee that a solution to the problem will be found. The answer: ‘Think in new boxes.’ This requires developing the right new box; in other words, useful new models, a helpful new approach to a problem. That is the real art of practical creativity. This short article outlines the approach (Thinking in New Boxes) and its application to classic scenario planning with a few examples. The authors also present the ‘Expressway to Scenarios’, an approach that wins in impact and practicality what it loses in deep analysis, by having top executives involved in key steps.     

Forecasting the price of gold

This article seeks to evaluate the appropriateness of a variety of existing forecasting techniques (17 methods) at providing accurate and statistically significant forecasts for gold price. We report the results from the nine most competitive techniques. Special consideration is given to the ability of these techniques to provide forecasts which outperforms the random walk (RW) as we noticed that certain multivariate models (which included prices of silver, platinum, palladium and rhodium, besides gold) were also unable to outperform the RW in this case. Interestingly, the results show that none of the forecasting techniques are able to outperform the RW at horizons of 1 and 9 steps ahead, and on average, the exponential smoothing model is seen providing the best forecasts in terms of the lowest root mean squared error over the 24-month forecasting horizons. Moreover, we find that the univariate models used in this article are able to outperform the Bayesian autoregression and Bayesian vector autoregressive models, with exponential smoothing reporting statistically significant results in comparison with the former models, and classical autoregressive and the vector autoregressive models in most cases.     

How chaebol restructuring after the 1997 crisis has affected corporate decision and performance in Korea: debt financing,ownership structure,and investment

ABSTRACT

Korean chaebol firms, characterized by excessive debt financing and overinvestment, experienced restructuring after the 1997 crisis. By reducing debt financing and thus overinvestment, they tried to reorganize financing structure and ownership structure. Chaebols’ debt reduction turns out to have improved performance. However, polarization between chaebol and non-chaebol firms has become more significant. Even after the crisis, firms that give higher cash flows to a controlling shareholder take more capital investment, indicating that agency problems still exist within chaebols. Chaebol-affiliated firms continue to be more active in R&D than non-chaebol firms. However, the pattern is limited to the group of top 10 chaebols after the crisis.

Abbreviations: KFTC: Korea Fair Trade Commission     

On the Role of Paradigms in Understanding Economic Globalization

Any adequate analysis of economic globalization necessarily requires fundamental understanding of the worldviews underlying the views expressed with respect to the nature and role of economic globalization. This paper is based on the premise that any worldview can be associated with one of the four basic paradigms: functionalist, interpretive, radical humanist, and radical structuralist. It argues that any view expressed with respect to economic globalization is based on one of the four paradigms or worldviews. It, therefore, discusses four views with respect to the nature and role of economic globalization which correspond to the four broad worldviews. The paper emphasizes that the four views expressed are equally scientific and informative; they look at the nature and role of economic globalization from a certain paradigmatic viewpoint. Emphasizing this example in the area of economic globalization, the paper concludes that there are opportunities for each paradigm to benefit from contributions coming from the other three paradigms.     

A Humean theory of choice of which rationality may be one consequence

For the reader who considers economic theory of choice as a special case of a more general theory of action, Hume's discussion of the determinants of action in the Treatise of Human Nature (1739?–?40), in the Enquiry on Human Understanding (1748) and in the Dissertation on Passions (1757) deserves attention. However, according to some modern commentators, Hume does not seem to have given any evidence that would favour what nowadays we would consider as the kind of rationality involved in modern theories of rational choice. On the contrary, this paper arrives at the conclusion that consistency between preferences and choice, like the usual properties of completeness and transitivity, may be considered as outcomes of a mental process, described by means of a decision algorithm that aims to represent Hume's theory of choice.     

The concept of freedom and its relation to economic development--a critical appreciation of the work of Amartya Sen

Following a brief review of the conception of freedom as employedin economic discourse, this paper focuses on the evolution ofthe concept of freedom in the work of Amartya Sen. It tracesthe development of Sen's thought from the capability analysisof the late 1970s to his more recent separation of freedom intoits opportunity and process aspects. While broadly appreciativeof Sen's development of the concept of positive freedom, thepaper identifies some difficulties arising from his definitionof capability as a set of options as well as from his separationof the opportunity and process aspects of freedom. Aspects ofthe relationship between Sen's conception of freedom and thatof Marx are discussed briefly in the context of Sen's recentdiscussion of the market as a source of freedom.