基于经济学视角的企业内训套票定价策略研究

先阐述企业内训套票定价策略的意义，从经济学中搭售定价策略的视角，对企业内训课程套票定价策略的收益和消费者群体进行分析，并提出完善企业内训课程套票定价策略的相关措施，包括精确预测企业对内训课程的保留价格、推出多样化的套票形式以及灵活运用复合定价策略等。     

个体异质性、效用认知与绿色产品的定价策略

基于消费者个体异质性和绿色产品效用认知差异性,结合互联网背景,构建了绿色产品的发布式定价和协商式定价策略模型,探讨了不同绿色度、绿色效用认知、绿色成本水平下的定价策略采用时机。研究发现:在高绿色成本、低绿色效用认知的情况下应采用发布式定价;在低绿色成本或高绿色效用认知的情况下,基于绿色度的提高,协商式定价对厂商收益具有明显的加速作用,对于低绿色度的产品,应采用发布式定价,而对于高绿色度的产品,应采用协商式定价。     

科学确定水资源价格是完善水资源市场的基石

本文从经济学角度论述了科学合理的水资源价格能够促进水资源的使用效率、公平和可持续发展 ,并论述了水资源定价所应满足的基本要素 ,从系统的观点论述了水资源的定价策略 :即水资源供应部门的定价、对污水处理的定价和对开采地下水的定价以及水资源产权交易的定价策略。     

论搭售与伪搭售——公路年票与天价月饼

本文运用微观经济学方法分析了引发热议的两种搭售现象--公路年票与天价月饼中的厂商行为与福利效应,创立了"伪搭售"这一概念以及在二维平面图中分析两种商品组合的消费者剩余与生产者剩余的图示法.     

基于博弈论的闭环供应链差别定价协调问题

研究一个制造商与一个销售商组成的闭环供应链差别定价协调问题。利用博弈理论对两种差别定价模型进行了分析,得到了闭环供应链系统成员的最优定价策略和最终利润。并对两种模型的效率进行了分析,发现分散式决策使得整个闭环供应链系统效率损失了25％,最后提出一种收益共享差别定价协调策略,使得分散式闭环供应链的效率与集成式闭环供应链的效率等同。     

网络信息商品的定制化捆绑定价策略

本文基于网络信息商品的特征，对垄断公司的网络信息商品定制化捆绑定价策略进行了研究。通过分析我们证明，当存在合同管理成本时，信息商品的纯捆绑合同定价与激励相容的定制捆绑合同定价并不是垄断公司的最优选择；相比之下，将这两种定价策略相结合的混合定制捆绑合同定价策略才是垄断公司的严格帕累托最优定价选择。     

网络信息商品的定制化捆绑定价策略

该文基于网络信息商品的特征,对垄断公司的网络信忠商品定制化捆绑定价策略进行了研究.通过分析我们证明,当存在合同管理成本时,信息商品的纯捆绑合同定价与激励相容的定制捆绑合同定价并不是垄断公司的最优选择;相比之下,将这两种定价策略相结合的混合定制捆绑合同定价策略才是垄断公司的严格帕累托最优定价选择.     

IT行业技术咨询定价策略

一．1T行业技术咨询与技术服务的定价策略 IT行业的企业一般灵活选择定价策略，普遍采用的定价策略有心理定价策略、折扣定价策略、高价策略、低价策略、满意定价策略、产品组合定价策略等。     

交易数量折扣定价对产品空间差异选择的影响

文章应用两阶段的Hotelling博弈模型分析两个销售同类产品的企业的交易数量折扣定价对空间差异的选择的影响,研究结论表明交易数量折扣定价策略对产品空间差异有替代作用,且采用交易数量折扣定价策略增加了企业的利润。     

职位定价中的决策困境与策略选择

职位定价的两种方法——职位评估与市场定价之间经常地存在不一致和冲突,因而企业薪酬决策中面临着两难选择的决策困境和潜在风险。分析了市场定价与职位评估这两种方法的理论基础和冲突的根源,比较了两种方法对不同职位定价所产生的薪酬效应,在此基础上提出了解决职位定价决策困境的基本思路,认为应该在薪酬决策之前进行战略分析和价值链分析,并针对不同的职位采取不同的策略。     

北京园林寺庙景观的公众认知与体验 评价研究——以潭柘寺、八大处、大觉寺 和红螺寺为例

以北京潭柘寺、八大处、大觉寺和红螺寺为例，使用Python语言和R语言对4处园林寺庙的10 785条游人网络点评进行分析，通过自然语言处理领域的情感分析和主题模型方法揭示此类寺庙景观在当今城市发展背景下的公众认知；在此基础上，构建当代公众对园林寺庙景观的体验评价体系，通过问卷调研对相关游客的景观体验进行定量评价，并用重要性-绩效分析剖析各评价指标的优势与不足，以此从风景园林学角度揭示园林寺庙的当代保护与利用现状，为今后相关城乡文化遗产保护实践与研究提供审慎参考。     

天台宗影响下的中国国清寺和日本 延历寺历史变迁与景观特征之异同

天台宗作为佛教中国化的第一个宗派，对中日佛教的发展起着关键作用。中国天台山的国清寺和日本比叡山的延历寺正是在其思想影响下建成的，由于起始于同一思想宗派，因此在漫长的历史变迁中，两者既存在联系，又有所区别。通过查阅大量古书典籍，对国清寺和延历寺从建立、发展、兴衰到当今繁荣的历史变迁过程进行了归纳总结和分析比较，分析了国清寺和延历寺在景观特征方面的异同点，希望通过对二者历史变迁和景观特征方面异同点的分析，为今后佛寺园林景观的传播提供参考和借鉴。     

Tariff and Quota Equivalence in Vertically Related Markets

This paper re‐examines the issue of tariff and quota equivalence by introducing an upstream market into the Hwang and Mai (1988 ) model, and then allowing the two downstream firms to cross‐haul within each other's market. We assume the upstream monopolist can select either a two‐part or a one‐part tariff pricing strategy. It is found that if the upstream firm adopts a two‐part (one‐part) tariff pricing strategy, then the market price of the final good under a tariff will be higher (lower) than that under an equivalent quota; that is, the quota is set at the import level under the tariff regime. This result stands in stark contrast to the prior findings of both Hwang and Mai (1988 ) and Fung (1989 ). Moreover, if the quota rent is set as being equal to the tariff revenue, the social welfare under a tariff will necessarily be lower than that under an equivalent quota.     

Average-cost pricing: Some evidence and implications

We present new survey evidence on pricing behavior for more than 14,000 European firms, and study its macroeconomic implications. Among firms that are price setters, roughly 75% respond that their prices are set as a markup on total costs, a business practice termed “full cost pricing”. Only 25% set prices as markups over variable or marginal costs. Moreover, using industry data for the U.S., we find that the correlation between changes in output prices and changes in variable input prices is significantly lower when fixed costs are likely to be more important.Since our results are similar to the findings in the classic and controversial paper of Hall and Hitch (1939) and subsequent survey evidence, we believe it worth studying the implications of full cost pricing for macroeconomics. We first propose a problem for the firm where full cost pricing can arise as optimizing behavior. We embed this problem, featuring an occasionally binding constraint, into a simple general equilibrium model. We show that when the model is hit by a shock that makes the constraint binding, the response of endogenous variables is amplified significantly more than it would be under the unconstrained regime.     

A comparison of pricing and hedging performances of equity derivatives models

This article investigates the pricing/hedging conundrum, i.e. the observation of a mismatch between derivatives models’ pricing and hedging performances, that has so far been under-emphasized as the literature tends to focus on increasingly complicated option pricing models, without adequately addressing hedging performance. Hence, we analyse the ability of the Black–Scholes, Practitioner Black–Scholes, Heston–Nandi and Heston models to Delta-hedge a set of call options on the S&P500 index and Apple stock. We extend earlier studies in that we consider the impact of asset dynamics, apply a stringent payoff replication strategy, look at the impact of moneyness at maturity and test for the robustness to the parameters’ calibration frequency and Delta-Vega hedging. The study shows that adding risk factors to a model, as stochastic volatility, should only be considered in light of the data dynamics. Even then, however, more complicated models generally fare poorly for hedging purposes. Hence, a better fit of a model to option prices is not a good indicator of its hedging performance, and so of its ability to describe the underlying dynamics. This can be understood for reasons of over-fitting. Those findings hint to a potentially appealing hedging-based calibration of models’ parameters, rather than the standard pricing-based one.     

From post-Keynesian to historical price theory,part I: facts,theory and empirically grounded pricing model ∗

The paper develops an empirically grounded pricing model by first examining the business enterprise pricing equation and its empirical features, and then secondly examining the empirical properties of the prices set by the pricing equations. The third part of the paper is devoted to laying out the empirically grounded pricing model and then delineating its empirical and theoretical properties. The paper concludes that, since the pricing model is embedded in an empirical, historical context, it provides the basis for developing a historical theory of prices.     

违约风险与贷款定价:一个基于期权方法和软预算约束的新模型

由于忽视了软预算约束导致的"优先原则"不成立以及由此产生的还贷道德风险等现实问题,贷款定价传统期权方法在中国的适用性受到了影响。通过引入信贷合同效率,本文构造了二维违约风险,并据此建立了贷款定价的新模型。新模型解决了上述问题,得到以下结论:第一类与第二类违约风险的联动对贷款定价的影响是不确定的,第一类与第二类违约风险相关度越高则贷款定价越低,贷款期限与贷款定价之间的关系受违约风险构成的影响等。     

香山静宜园香山寺相地选址及布局 理法浅析

通过文献分析和实地调研，探索北京静宜园香山寺的历史沿革，分析其相地选址、建筑布局理法，并简述其艺术价值。香山寺坐落于“藏风聚气、背风向阳”的西山东坡山腰的脊线之上，在选址方面充分体现“得体合宜”之相地要领，巧妙地利用了自然的有利生态条件，满足了人居环境的基本需求。香山寺内建筑主要沿中轴布置，起承转合，形成颇具特色的“上宫下寺”的结构，错落的佛殿与自然完美融合，在景观营造方面颇具艺术性。     

琵琶寺生态农林园景观资源综合评价

生态农林园是一种新兴的农业产业模式。在对琵琶寺生态农林园进行全面调查的基础上,构建景观资源评价体系,运用层次分析法对景观资源进行综合评价,采用模糊综合评价法评价园区景观资源等级,结果表明琵琶寺生态农林园景观资源综合评价为一般,尚处于待开发阶段,具有较大的提升空间和开发价值,最后提出了琵琶寺生态农林园景观资源的开发利用建议。     

Monopoly Price Dispersion Under Demand Uncertainty

When a monopolist sets its price before its demand is known, then it may set more than one price and limit the availability of its output at lower prices. This article adds demand uncertainty and price rigidities to the standard model of monopoly pricing. When there are two states of demand and the ex post monopoly price is greater when demand is high then the monopolist's optimal ex ante pricing strategy is to set two prices and limit purchases at the lower price.