标准必要专利许可使用费探析

近年来许多企业为了增强自身的核心竞争力不断进行科技创新,拥有标准必要专利来掌握知识产权,其他企业在获取使用权时经常产生纠纷,许可使用费率成为其中的焦点问题。通过对标准必要专利及FRAND原则的深入解读,去探究在标准必要专利的纠纷中我国的许可使用费在立法以及司法实践中目前的现状,存在着相关概念难以界定、许可使用费影响因素过多等问题,同时与美国、欧洲进行比较,借鉴其在司法实践中的处理经验,提出了对标准必要专利进行专章立法等解决办法。     

技术标准设定动因下的高技术企业专利开发研究

高技术产业中专利开发直接影响技术标准的设定。结合通常性的专利化问题,考虑高技术产业和技术标准设定的特性,技术标准设定驱动下的高技术企业专利开发应着力于3个方面：专利信息搜寻和分析、专利类型选择、专利竞赛中R&D投资水平决策。研究结论有助于参与技术标准设定的高技术企业明确专利开发战略,为我国高技术企业成功实施追赶战略提供理论与实践依据。     

基于网络分析的中国跨区域专利许可关系研究

利用国家知识产权局收录的2012年专利实施许可合同备案登记信息,采用社会网络分析方法,对中国跨区域的专利许可人与被许可人的关系进行了计量分析。通过小世界网络分析、K-核分析、成分分析,确定了中国跨区域专利许可关系整体网络的结构。利用块模型确定了各分区的网络位置,并分析了各省区在整体网络中的作用。结果发现:中国跨区域的专利许可关系整体较为脆弱,且各省区的专利许可行为存在较为严重的不均衡现象。     

人力资本结构高级化与高技术产业竞争力提升

文章采用向量夹角法构建了人力资本结构高级化指数，并在理论分析的基础上，运用中国1995-2019年的年度时间序列数据，实证检验了人力资本结构高级化对高技术产业竞争力的影响及其作用机制：基础模型估计结果证明，人力资本结构高级化促进了高技术产业竞争力的提升；调节效应分析表明，外商直接投资进一步加强了人力资本结构高级化对高技术产业竞争力提升的促进效应；中介效应检验表明，技术创新、产品创新和劳动生产效率提高是人力资本结构高级化促进高技术产业竞争力提升的重要传导机制。     

日韩发展高技术产业经验和启示

通过对日本和韩国在促进高技术产业发展、提升高技术产业核心竞争力方面所采取的政策手段的了解.为我国提供了后进国家在促进高技术产业发展、提升高技术产业核心竞争力方面的有益启示和借鉴. ,     

全球液晶显示产业专利质量评价

利用德温特专利数据库以及Thomson Reuters集团旗下的Aureka在线平台,选用专利引证数和专利族规模两个指标评价全球液晶显示产业的专利质量,并对中国液晶显示产业中代表企业的专利质量进行了比较和分析,明确了中国液晶显示产业发展中存在的问题,即对专利重视不够、开展液晶显示技术国际化合作的深度和广度不足。指出:应加强研发成果保护意识、增大专利族规模、扩大国际合作规模,采取专利交叉许可等方式与国际大企业开展多领域的广泛合作。     

标准必要专利权人滥用市场支配地位的反垄断问题研究

标准必要专利在标准与专利的整合中应运而生并提升了知识经济效能。但是，专利标准化的同时也扩大了专利权人在相关市场的支配力，很容易产生专利权滥用行为，如不公平高价许可、不合理搭售、无正当理由要求反向许可等。以标准必要专利权人滥用市场支配地位为切入点，以高通案为例,分析标准必要专利权人滥用市场支配地位的反垄断问题，针对反垄断法体系，从立法与执法两个方面提出政策建议,为涉及标准必要专利的反垄断行政执法和反垄断诉讼提供借鉴。     

宁波市半导体照明灯具专利分析及产业发展对策建议

针对宁波市半导体照明产业整体存在的问题,诸如产业链不够完整、产业层次较低、企业规模普遍较小、产业及产品结构不够合理、自主创新能力较低等问题,从专利角度对宁波市半导体照明下游应用的现状进行分析,并提出了加强政府宏观引导以营造良好的产业发展政策环境,在加快产业基地建设中重视扶持上规模企业,整合有效资源以提升自主创新能力,实施专利、标准、人才战略,增强产业国际竞争力等发展宁波市半导体照明产业的对策建议。     

我国高技术产业竞争力影响因素分析

据我国科技部的统计,我国高技术产业的发展十分迅速.但总体来看,我国高技术产业的国际竞争力还不强,与发达国家存在着很大的差距.因此,找出影响我国高技术产业竞争力的主要因素,适时提出调整中国高技术产业发展战略和产业政策的有关政策建议,具有重要的现实意义.     

标准必要专利权人滥用市场支配地位的反垄断问题研究——以高通案为例

标准必要专利在标准与专利的整合中应运而生并提升了知识经济效能。但是,专利标准化的同时也扩大了专利权人在相关市场的支配力,很容易产生专利权滥用行为,如不公平高价许可、不合理搭售、无正当理由要求反向许可等。以标准必要专利权人滥用市场支配地位为切入点,以高通案为例,分析标准必要专利权人滥用市场支配地位的反垄断问题,针对反垄断法体系,从立法与执法两个方面提出政策建议,为涉及标准必要专利的反垄断行政执法和反垄断诉讼提供借鉴。     

The use of patent databases by european small and medium-sized enterprises

Patent databases contain a wealth of technical information, but only a fraction of innovative small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) use them as an information source. The characteristics of SMEs that use patent databases and the reasons why they do or do not use them are investigated in this study. Part of the analysis is based on the Community Innovation Survey results, which Is the largest survey to date of innovative European firms. The results show that the probability of using patent databases increases with firms size and is higher among firms that perform research and develobment or which and patents of value as an appropriation method. Furthermore, the percentage of firms in each of 14 sectors that and patents to be an important information source is correlated with the patent propensity rate in each sector. The second part of the study is based on a combined survey and interview study of Dutch SMEs in five high-technology sectors. The results show that SMEs mainly use patent databases to acquire information, often for legal purposes, that is not available from any other source. In contrast, these databases are seldom used to acquire technical data, largely because of the cost in terms of personnel time and expertise. This points to the need for simpler and more efficient methods of searching patent databases.     

基于联盟的数字产业技术标准国际化路径研究——以昕诺飞为例

数字产业具有前沿性、复杂性和高度不确定性,技术标准国际化是数字产业保持全球竞争力的重要举措。采用纵向单案例研究法,以昕诺飞为研究对象,探索企业推进技术标准国际化的路径及机制。结果表明,昕诺飞实现技术标准国际化的主要路径是基于自主研发或收购专利组建标准联盟或专利联盟并制定发布联盟标准,进而将其转化为国际标准、目标国国家标准和团体标准;企业可基于标准开展相应认证检测,形成“联盟+标准+专利+认证检测”的闭环,实现“技术专利化—专利标准化—标准国际化—市场垄断化”的良性循环,以维持企业长期竞争优势;推进技术标准国际化的关键在于组建联盟,我国数字产业可通过“标准联盟+专利联盟”的双联盟策略,形成核心层稳固的开放式战略联盟,通过构建共生演化生态系统推进技术标准国际化。     

Valuation of patents in emerging economies: a renewal model-based study of Indian patents

ABSTRACT

This study uses patent renewal information to estimate the private value of patents. Patent value refers to the economic reward that the inventor extracts from commercialising the patented invention. Our empirical analysis comprises 555 patents with applications filed between 1999 and 2002. The term of these patents either ended in 2018 or lapsed due to non-payment of the renewal fee. We model the renewal decision of patentee as ordered probit where patent renewal fee increases with the age of the patent. Variables, such as patent family size, technological scope, number of inventors and grant lag, are used as explanatory variables in the corresponding regression. Hence, this paper combines the patentee’s renewal decision along with patents’ characteristics and renewal cost schedule to estimate the initial rent distribution. We find that a large number of patents expire at an early stage leaving few patents with high value corroborating the results of studies using European, American and Chinese data. As expected, patents from certain technology class enjoy high valuation.     

市场信号、技术特征与中国国际高质量专利

近年来,中国专利申请量与授权量得到了快速飞跃,然而“专利泡沫”“专利沉睡”等问题也日益凸显,如何有效促进专利数量到专利质量的转变是实现专利强国的关键。本文基于信号传递理论,构建了市场信号与技术特征共同影响国际高质量专利形成的理论模型,并利用中国在美国专利与商标局(USPTO)申请的专利数据进行了实证检验。研究结果表明:市场信号有助于传递积极的专利信号与打破信息不对称,推动形成国际高质量专利;技术特征能够扩大专利自身的技术范围与技术合作空间,与国际高质量专利也存在显著正向关系;此外,技术特征能够产生技术噪音与技术竞争压力,弱化信号传递效率,从而负向调节市场信号对国际高质量专利的促进效应。本文认为与市场上的普通商品一样,专利存在“酒香也怕巷子深”问题,一方面企业应该加强专利国际推广;另一方面政府需要进一步完善市场机制与减弱信息不对称,共同塑造中国国际高质量专利。     

Transfer of Technology to Canadian Manufacturing Industries Through Patents

This paper examines the determinants of foreign patent activity in the Canadian manufacturing sector at the industry level. Since foreign patenting is one of the channels of technology transfer to a country, this study could also show the transfer of foreign technology into Canadian industries measured by foreign patent activity. The paper suggests that the patent activity of foreign countries is the most important factor for receiving foreign patents in Canada. Moreover, imports and foreign direct investments are important vehicles this context. The distance between countries has a negative impact on receiving foreign patents. The impacts of R&D intensity and human capital on receiving foreign patents are mixed and insignificant, but industries with a higher R&D intensity are better recipients of foreign patents.     

The patterns of patents in China

Innovations are a key driver of long-term economic growth. There has been an explosion of patent filings in China in the past three decades. But empirical studies on the pattern of innovations at the firm level are rather scant primarily due to lack of firm-specific patent data. We have made concerted efforts to match Chinese patent data with a large firm-level database. The matched dataset enables us to examine the patterns of patents at the firm level. Our analysis has revealed several interesting patterns: (1) domestic firms have become increasingly more innovative in terms of patent application; (2) private firms, rather than state-owned enterprises, have been the engine of innovation; (3) rising wages have propelled labor-intensive sectors to become more innovative; and (4) in response to increasing sex ratio imbalances, firms in female-intensive industries have exhibited more innovations than those in male-intensive industries.     

Quantitative mapping of patented technology — The case of electrical conducting polymer nanocomposite

This study aims to obtain global technology evolution by constructing and analyzing patent citation network and patent citation map for the field of electrical conducting polymer nanocomposite. A total of 1421 patents are retrieved from USPTO patent database and patent citation network is established by combing both patent citation and social network analysis. Network properties, e.g. Degree Centrality, Betweenness Centrality, and Closeness Centrality, are calculated for representing several technology evolution mechanisms that first proposed in this study. Also, a distance-based patent citation map is constructed by calculating relative distances and positions of patents in the patent citation network. Quantitative ways of exploring technology evolution are investigated in this study to unveil important or emerging techniques as well as to demonstrate dynamics and visualization of technology evolutions.     

Patents in a Model of Endogenous Growth

This paper examines patent protection in an endogenous-growth model. Our aim is twofold. First, we show how the patent policies discussed by the recent patent-design literature can influence R&D in the endogenous-growth framework, where the role of patents has been largely ignored. Second, we explore how the general-equilibrium framework contributes to the results of the patent-design literature. In a general-equilibrium model, both incentives to innovate and monopoly distortions depend on the proportion of industries that conduct R&D. Furthermore, patents affect the allocation of R&D resources across industries, and patents can distort resources away from industries where they are most productive.     

简明标签与第二医药用途专利侵权认定：从规范构造到标准选择

第二医药用途发明可被专利已成为世界立法趋势。中国现有立法中狭义的第二医药用途专利可以获得专利保护。英美司法实践发展出主观意图测试、客观意图测试和外在表现测试3种侵权认定标准，分别对应过错和无过错侵权原则。中国需在原研药创新、仿制药产业和药品可及性三元平衡视角下，选择综合进路。在第二医药用途专利直接侵权认定标准上，应坚持无过错标准，仅考虑仿制药厂的简明标签行为是否符合法定要求，以此判断是否落入第二医药用途专利保护范围。在间接侵权认定上，应坚持过错标准和因果考察。