我国产业集群的发展状况、特点与问题

我国产业集群都是自发形成的,且集中在浙江与广东省,最终产品主要是居民消费品,绝大多数都是在农村与小城镇兴起;基本上是由非公有制企业组成,且主要是中小企业,其中一些已具有一定的深度与广度。衍生、裂变、创新与效仿是我国产业集群形成的主要方式。在一些成功的产业集群发展过程中,政府起了重要作用。我国一些产业竞争优势得益于产业集群的发展,但目前只有纺织业主动提出以产业集群方式提升纺织业的竞争优势。我国产业集群的发展拉动了地方经济增长,有力地推动了农村工业化与城镇化进程。     

论产业集群对民营企业生命模型的改善

民营企业“短命”、“长不大”是我国的一个普遍现象,也是一个亟待解决的课题。首先介绍了企业的生命模型并对模型的组成要素进行分析;然后,从生命模型的6个组成因素出发,探讨了产业集群对6个生命组成因素的改善作用。通过研究表明,产业集群能在一定程度上通过改善生命模型的组成要素,达到改善企业的生命模型、延长企业生命的目的,从而在一定程度上解决了民营企业“短寿”的难题。     

我国产业集群(IC)发展初步分析与思考

产业集群(IndustrialCluster)是市场经济形式下一种极具活力的产业组织形式,能够提升集群中企业的竞争优势,是由与某一产业领域相关的相互之间具有密切联系的企业及其他相应机构组成的有机整体,存在区域差异性,大多数已经成型的集群都集中在沿海地区,而内陆较为少见。文章对我国产业集群的发展现状进行分析,以发现存在的问题,提出对策,以寻求集群发展的普遍意义。     

中国葡萄酒产业的集群式发展：现状、测度与评价

本文在回顾相关研究的基础上,运用地理集中度指数、产业集群结构效益指数、产业集群影响指数和集群专门化率4项指标,对我国葡萄酒产业集群的地理集中度和产业集群绩效进行了测度和评价。研究结果表明:我国葡萄酒产业集群发展水平较高,但呈下降趋势;葡萄酒产业的整体经济效益较2002年有了一定的提高,但产业发展相对缓慢;葡萄酒产业集群的专业化程度较高,但各产区葡萄酒产业集群的专业化程度差异明显且呈弱化趋势。因此,应从葡萄酒产业集群发展的环境、企业竞合关系和人才支撑体系等方面采取积极措施来促进我国葡萄酒产业健康快速发展。     

基于集群视角的产业链网络倍增效应

产业集群是产业链发展到一定时候较为完备的高级的网络形态,产业链在空间上的大规模有机集聚就是产业集群,两者均以企业为微观载体,产业链相对应的是企业链,产业集群相对应的是企业集群,一个大的产业集群往往包含许多产业链,一条产业链也同样可以形成不同规模的产业集群。     

基于产业集群的高新技术企业发展研究

文章通过对产业集群与高新技术企业发展的研究,说明高新技术企业产业集群演进的模式以及政府干预在集群建设中发挥的作用,并就我国发展高新技术企业发展产业集群提出若干建议。     

中国产业集群发展的主要特点

当代国际经济的竞争从一定意义上讲是产业集群的竞争。随着产业集群现象在我国的不断出现,关于产业集群的研究引起政府、学术界、企业界的普遍关注,本文重点分析我国产业集群发展的主要特点。     

中国产业集群发展存在的问题及对策分析

产业集群是指在一定的区域内,企业集中在同一产业或产业链,在相关机构的支持下互相之间既合作又竞争的一种生产组织方式或企业制度。从世界范围来看,产业集群已成为推动区域经济发展的重要力量。中国的产业集群在改革开放以来得到了快速发展,但总体来看发展水平不高,存在的一些问题限制了中国产业集群的发展,须采取一些措施来提升中国产业集群在世界经济中的竞争力。     

政府培育陶瓷产业集群的战略研究

在经济全球化的背景下,产业集群对于提升区域竞争力具有重要意义。陶瓷产业的特点决定了陶瓷企业呈现出集聚的态势,我国的产瓷区大多形成了具有一定规模的陶瓷产业集群,并带动了区域经济的发展。其中,政府在培育陶瓷产业集群的竞争力方面发挥了不可或缺的作用。     

产业集群内企业合作创新的动态博弈分析

产业集群内企业的合作创新实质上是一个动态演化发展过程。通过构建产业集群合作创新动态博弈模型,揭示了产业集群合作创新的动态演化过程和演化的内在机理,认为产业集群合作创新的演化方向取决于参与合作创新的时点收益,而产业集群内参与合作创新的企业的比例对产业集群合作创新具有重要影响,同时产业集群内参与合作创新的企业比例不会无限扩张,会稳定在一定边界。     

我国房地产税制的现状及改革构想

房地产税制是维护房地产市场公平竞争，实现国家对房地产业宏观调控的有力杠杆。然而，我国现行的房地产税制却存在税费不分、税制不统一、税制结构不合理等诸多问题。严重影响了其对房地产业应有的宏观调控作用。因此，适时地推进房地产税制的改革应是当务之急，应统一内外税制，合理界定税费的范围，建立统一、规范、合理的房地产税收体系。     

The Change in Productive Efficiency in Telecommunications in the United States

The question addressed here is whether the adoption of incentive regulation, which has become an important regulatory tool in the telecommunications industry in the USA, has resulted in a change in the technical efficiency of local exchange carriers in the USA. After providing an overview of the nature of incentive regulation, a methodology for measuring technical efficiency and its change is introduced. This is a multiple-output/multiple-input distance function approach to measuring technical efficiency. The results of implementing this approach for 19 local exchange carriers for the 1988-2001 period indicate that in the production of local service, intrastate toll/access service, and interstate access to local loops, there was no change in technical efficiency between the 1988-1990 period and the 1991- 2001 period, something that incentive regulation was specifically designed to promote.     

Age Discrimination in Employment in Canada

Issues pertaining to age discrimination in employment in Canada are analyzed with a view toward highlighting lessons that may be learned from the Canadian experience—an experience that is taking on increased policy importance. Reasons for the increased attention to age discrimination issues are outlined, followed by a portrayal of the age discrimination legislation and court interpretations in Canada, especially as they pertain to mandatory retirement. Enforcement aspects are discussed, as is the evidence on age discrimination in employment and the effectiveness of legislation with respect to age discrimination and mandatory retirement. The article concludes with a discussion of the lessons to be learned from the Canadian experience, especially with respect to the poorly understood but complicated relationship between age discrimination and mandatory retirement. Policy recommendations for strengthening age discrimination legislation are also outlined. (JEL J14 , J24 , J71 )     

Inequalities in Income Distribution in Slovenia

This article presents an empirical analysis of income distribution based on income tax data for Slovenia in 1991-2000. It presents evidence of rising inequalities in income distribution (gross income, gross wages and pensions). These results are supported by coefficients of variation, Gini coefficients and by the Lorenz curves. Inequalities increased rapidly in the 1991 to 1993 period. After a significant decrease in 1994 and a steady increase from 1995 to 2000, the peak value from 1993 was not surpassed. Atkinson's requirements for dominance comparisons are not violated. Inequalities are also present in the distribution of the benefits of economic growth among income groups.     

上海生态农业发展影响因素研究

文章分析了上海生态农业发展的影响因素,并利用计量模型进行检验,认为影响上海生态农业发展的主要因素有农业基础设施、农业劳动力资源、农业产业化水平、农业科技实力状况。     

The Change in Productive Efficiency in Telecommunications in the United States

The question addressed here is whether the adoption of incentive regulation, which has become an important regulatory tool in the telecommunications industry in the USA, has resulted in a change in the technical efficiency of local exchange carriers in the USA. After providing an overview of the nature of incentive regulation, a methodology for measuring technical efficiency and its change is introduced. This is a multiple-output/multiple-input distance function approach to measuring technical efficiency. The results of implementing this approach for 19 local exchange carriers for the 1988–2001 period indicate that in the production of local service, intrastate toll/access service, and interstate access to local loops, there was no change in technical efficiency between the 1988–1990 period and the 1991–2001 period, something that incentive regulation was specifically designed to promote.     

Payment Systems in Countries in Transition

MOCT-MOST: Economic Policy in Transitional Economies -     

Public participation in forestry in Turkey

Recently public participation in forestry has been seriously considered in Turkey. Participation is however quite a challenge for a country with a long tradition of top-down management and a strong bottom-up dependence on public provisioning. In such a setting, it may not be surprising that the experiences with public participation in forestry in Turkey are mixed. There are some positive initiatives like the creation of farmer's cooperatives and NGOs, but their role is quite limited and small of scale. This paper is bringing together different views based on existing studies in Turkish related to Turkey's experience with implementing public participation in forestry.