山河巨变 千秋功业 安溪绿色茶乡饮誉中外中国驰名

工夫不负人,创业众志成.山河在嬗变,贵在领头雁;数载天地翻,百姓高歌唱,高速跃龙门,公路通海湾;人凤山新街,进大道二环,树明星镇村,建绿色海洋.俯瞰凤城镇,心旷又神怡,攀登山城楼,美景太迷人:明德楼、静心亭,省心阁、清心亭,涵虚阁、富源壶,大龙湖、亭榭处,闻名中外,世人赞美;高楼大厦,鳞次栉比,山城秀色,尽收眼底,挥洒一幅人间画卷,唱响一曲山乡歌谣,这是十载坚守山区成就的缩影!     

反倾销的经济效益及公共利益

反倾销措施是一种旨在保护国内产业的贸易救济手段.从经济学分析的角度看,征收反倾销税能给进口国政府及生产者带来收益,而减少给消费者(包括工业用户)带来的收益.也就是说,反倾销措施可能符合公共利益或减少公共利益.可以其他国家的立法和实践为借鉴,形成比较完善的公共利益审查制度,有利于维护和实现本国整体利益和长远目标.     

中国吸收FDI:现状、特征及对策

20世纪80年代以来,由于FDI在全球范围内迅猛发展,它已经成为经济全球化和世界经济增长的主要力量之一.随着我国对外开放的逐步深化,FDI大量涌入我国,使得我国成为世界上吸收FDI最多的国家之一,对我国的经济产生了广泛而深刻的影响.为此,通过大量的数据来分析研究我国吸收FDI的现状特征,找出其中存在的问题,将有助于我国采取更加合理的对策有效引导FDI,从而推动我国经济快速健康发展.     

试论教师与学生谈话的体会和艺术

本文通过阐述技校学生教育中的教师与学生谈话的体会与艺术,试图对如何搞好班级管理、做好班主任工作方面进行一些积极有益的探讨.     

出口商品屡遭贸易壁垒的原因及对策:以温州为例的分析

近年来我国出口商品频繁遭遇贸易壁垒的困扰,其深层次原因是非常复杂的,既有来自于国外的,也有我们内部的因素,对此我们应该采取系统的全面应对措施,充分发挥政府、企业和行业协会三方面的作用,防范国际贸易壁垒带来的损失,促进出口行业和国民经济的健康发展.     

谁怕GOOGLE?

互联网世界的超级动力面临着检验的时刻.世界上极少有公司能像GOOGLE一样,在如此短的时间内以如此繁杂的方法迅速崛起,成为世界上最受欢迎的搜索引擎公司.不管从哪个角度来看,这个事实都确定无疑:公司的市场价值和年收入的增长量;庞大数量的用户利用GOOGLE搜索新闻、寻找最近的比萨饼店,观看邻居花园的卫星照片;GOOGLE的广告商名目表不断增加;与此同时,不断增加的还有公司所拥有的律师.     

规费管理的现状及对策——以大同市地税部门为例

所谓政府性规费(基金),是指各级人民政府及其所属部门根据法律、国家行政法规和中共中央、国务院有关文件规定,为支持某项事业发展,按照国家规定程序批准,向公民、法人和其他组织征收的具有专项用途的资金,包括各种基金、资金、附加的专项收费.     

让不堪重负的江河湖泊休养生息

让江河湖泊休养生息,就是要实行最为严格的污染物排放总量控制制度,以水环境容量确定发展方式和发展规模;就是要尊重自然规律,充分发挥水生态系统自我修复能力,逐步改变环境恶化状况;就是要综合运用工程的、技术的、生态的方法,加大治理水环境的力度,促进水生态系统尽快步入良性循环的轨道;就是要充分运用法律、经济和必要的行政手段,既要形成严格排放、合理开发的强大压力,又要形成主动治理水环境的积极动力,用高效的办法解决长期积累的环境问题。     

以人为本创造和谐矿山——伯方煤矿在创新中崛起

随着我国经济的快速发展和对能源的大量需求,使得自然环境遭受着矿山开采的严重破坏.由于许多矿山设施的滞后,以及矿工基本素质的薄弱和经济利益的巨大诱惑,矿工的生命及其尊严,人类的环境及其保护,面临着巨大的挑战,成为一个敏感的社会话题,以及政府、企业、社会共同关注的焦点.     

保护城市现代化进程中的传统民居

各个历史时期的传统民居是城市的文化遗产,体现大城市多层次、多元化的文化形态和深厚的历史文化内涵,不同城市的民居有不同的造型、不同的装饰、不同的风格,反映出不同的历史文化积淀.如汉唐古都的残台断墙,上海、天津的西洋古典式建筑,北京大栅栏半土半洋的商业店面,现代化大城市高楼下的低矮平房等等,它们都是作为一种"符号"而代表着某种特有的文化.     

Speculative behavior in a housing market: Boom and bust

We study a housing market with household buyers, speculative investors and property developers in a Walrasian scenario. We show that in addition to the factors that affect the real demand of household buyers and the development cost of property developers, investors' speculative behavior is an important factor explaining housing price evolution and dynamics. In particular, investors' extrapolative expectations may drive the housing price to persistently deviate from its benchmark value and even to explode. In contrast, investors' mean-reverting strategy can balance out the position of trend extrapolators, which may stabilize an otherwise explosive housing market. Moreover, the evolutionary process of housing prices driven by investors' speculative behavior is path-dependent in the sense that different initial market conditions may result in different price paths, which corresponds to the localization property empirically documented in the real housing market. In addition, within the stylized model, we provide some policy implications through analyzing the limitation and effectiveness of policy adjustments via down payment and development cost, and find that the decrease of development cost is a better measure to adjust the housing market when it booms or busts.     

China's housing bubble burst?

In this paper, we developed the recursive unit root tests to identify the beginning and end of potential speculative bubbles in the Chinese housing price cycles during 2006–2013 for the 70 major cities of China. The method is best suited for a practical implementation with a time series and delivers a consistent date‐stamping strategy for the origination and termination of multiple bubbles. Simulations demonstrate that the test significantly improves discriminatory power and leads to distinct power gains when multiple bubbles occur. Overall, the results indicate that the speculative housing price bubbles in China are not bursting, and they indicate that the stationarity of the housing price level varies across the different city sizes. Between the cities, approximately one‐fourth of the bubbles have burst up to December 2013, while the first‐tier city bubble may not burst due to the urbanization process.     

房地产税、市场结构与房价

本文在住房流量模型的基础上,构建了一个购房者和开发商的住房市场局部均衡模型,考察了完全垄断和完全竞争情形下房地产税与房价之间的关系。结果表明,无论何种市场结构,提高房地产税均导致房价下降;住房市场垄断性越强,房价越高,房地产税对房价影响越大。笔者对1996-2008年中国33个大中城市数据的检验发现,市场结构对房价影响大于房地产税。房地产税增长率每增加1%,房价增长率将减少0.03%;勒纳指数每增加1%,房价增长率将增加0.16%。房地产税与市场结构相互作用将使房价上涨,但影响微不足道。因此,对住宅开征房地产税,将对房价上涨有一定限制作用,但不能有效抑制房价上涨,而增强住宅市场竞争性、降低开发商垄断具有显著效果。     

租售比与中国城市住房泡沫*

本文在住房消费性和投资性需求基础上,通过泡沫和无泡沫租售比测度住房泡沫。本文对中国1996-2013年35个大中城市数据分析发现：第一,北京、上海等16个城市存在住房泡沫;第二,房价预期易催生东部和一线城市而非中西部和二三线城市住房泡沫;第三,利率政策对抑制中西部和二三线城市住房泡沫比东部和一线城市更有效;第四,住房存量过大引发住房泡沫;第五,房贷和开发成本助长住房泡沫;第六,土地财政助长住房泡沫,但股票市场回报率抑制住房泡沫。     

房地产税渐进改革路径*——基于税制要素设计的实证研究

在保持房地产市场平稳的前提下，使房地产税成为地方重要税种是中国房地产税改革的重要政策目标，但在高房价收入比背景下，这二者相互冲突。本文基于房地产税制要素设计和微观家庭数据测算，探讨中国房地产税的渐进改革路径及其影响，认为鉴于居民纳税能力受高房价收入比限制，房地产税可从低税率、高减免起步；伴随房价收入比收敛，逐步提高税率、降低减免。起步阶段，税制改革应重视居民纳税能力和纳税意愿，优先实现房地产市场平稳软着陆；在中长期，房地产税可逐步成为地方政府主体税种，起到完善税制和地方税体系、提升地方治理能力的作用。     

On the Effectiveness of Capital Gains tax as a Stabilizer of Real Estate Prices

This paper examines the effectiveness of capital gains tax as a stabilizer of real estate prices. Capital gains tax is shown to induce long-term holdings of real estate through a tax deferral effects and hence negate the intended effect. Furthermore, it is shown that a change in the tax rate may stabilize the price only temporarily without any lasting effect on the speculative holdings of real estate. Of course the presence of property tax, for example, may affect speculative activities differently—a subject into which this paper does not delve. [323]     

You can take it with you: Proposition 13 tax benefits,residential mobility,and willingness to pay for housing amenities

The endogeneity of prices has long been recognized as the main identification problem in the estimation of marginal willingness to pay (MWTP) for the characteristics of a given product. This issue is particularly important in the housing market, since a number of housing and neighborhood features are unobserved by the econometrician. This paper proposes the use of a well defined type of transaction costs–moving costs generated by property tax laws–to deal with this type of omitted variable bias. California's Proposition 13 property tax law is the source of variation in transaction costs used in the empirical analysis. Beyond its fiscal consequences, Proposition 13 created a lock-in effect on housing choice because of the implicit tax break enjoyed by homeowners living in the same house for a long time. Its importance to homeowners is estimated from a natural experiment created by two amendments that allow households headed by an individual over the age of 55 to transfer the implicit tax benefit to a new home. Indeed, 55-year old homeowners have 25% higher moving rates than those of comparable 54 year olds. These transaction costs from the property tax laws are then incorporated into a household sorting model. The key insight is that because of the property tax laws, different potential buyers may have different user costs for the same house. The exogenous property tax component of this user cost is then used as an instrumental variable. I find that MWTP estimates for housing characteristics are approximately 100% upward biased when the choice model does not account for the price endogeneity.     

Testing for rational bubbles in the US housing market

The presence of a bubble in the US housing market prior to the 2007 subprime mortgage financial crisis is investigated. This is done by looking into the relationship between house prices and rental prices, known as the price–rent ratio, which is an important measure of a potential deviation between house prices and its fundamental value. Additionally, the interest rate is taken into account since it is an important factor in determining demand for housing mortgages and thereby influencing house prices, and explosive behavior of house prices is considered. These relationships are investigated through a theoretical and econometrical framework. The empirical evidence suggests that there was a bubble in the housing market prior to the financial crisis, even when controlling for the decreasing interest rate and the fundamental information given by the rental price in the period. Explosiveness was the main source of the price increase, such that a bubble was present in the housing market after correcting for other fundamental factors. The econometric procedures used in the analysis may therefore be relevant for monitoring the housing market.     

利润率下降、信贷扩张与房价波动——来自跨国面板数据的经验证据

非金融部门利润率的下降是导致信用扩张的内生性原因,信用游离于实体经济之外、单纯在金融系统内循环是房价上涨和波动的主要推动力。信贷扩张和房价波动相互影响,但信贷扩张对房价的影响远远大于房价上涨对信贷扩张的影响;信贷扩张对房价的放大机制即加速器效应在国际房地产市场普遍存在,加速器效应是房价顺周期性变化的潜在原因,但房价上涨引起信贷进一步扩张的加速器效应不存在。以美日为代表的发达国家的实体经济利润率下降、信用扩张、房价泡沫的累积、直至危机爆发的历史经验值得深思。     

Effects of house-sale restrictions in China: a difference-in-difference approach

Chinese housing prices have increased rapidly in recent years. Concerned about the potential for a burst bubble, the Chinese government has been intervening in the market to rein in the rising price trend since 2010. In March 2017, a new housing policy, called house-sale restriction, was developed to curtail speculation in the Chinese housing market. This study uses a difference-in-difference model to examine the policy effect of this new restriction. By using house-sale and price data of 43 cities across 30 provinces in China, we find that house-sale restrictions could effectively reduce speculation in the market as well as decrease housing prices in the short term. This study analyses only the short-term effect of this new housing policy; the long-term effect requires further examination.