基于专利信息的广西制糖业技术创新能力分析

本文阐述了将专利信息分析用于产业技术创新能力评价的必要性,并以广西制糖产业为例,通过专利信息分析对广西制糖产业技术创新能力与国内制糖产业的综合技术水平进行了比较,据此对广西制糖产业技术创新能力进行了内部评价,分析了其存在的问题,并提出了提高广西制糖产业技术创新能力的相关对策。     

Monitoring trends of technological changes based on the dynamic patent lattice: A modified formal concept analysis approach

The strategic importance of monitoring technological changes is highlighted given the ever faster pace and increasing complexity of technological innovation. In this respect, patent citation analysis has been the most frequently adopted tool among others. However, patent citation analysis is subject to certain drawbacks that stem from only consideration of citing-cited information and time lags between citing and cited patents. This study proposes a formal concept analysis (FCA)-based approach to developing a dynamic patent lattice that can analyze complex relations among patents and monitor trends of technological changes. The FCA is a mathematical tool for grouping objects with shared properties based on the lattice theory. The distinct strengths of FCA, vis-á-vis other methods, lie in structuring and displaying the relations among objects from a massive amount of data. For the purpose of technology monitoring, the FCA is modified to take into account time periods and changes of patent keywords. A patent context is first constructed with the aid of domain experts and text mining technique. Two types of dynamic patent lattices are then developed by executing the modified FCA algorithm. A case study of laser technology in lithography for semiconductor manufacturing shows that the suggested dynamic patent lattice has considerable advantages over conventional patent citation maps in terms of visualization and informative power.     

The good,the bad and the ugly – the future of patent assertion entities in Europe

Most of the available evidence on patent assertion entities (PAEs) is coming from the United States, while little is known for Europe. The up-coming Unitary Patent (UP) and the Unified Patent Court (UPC) system are considered to be game-changing elements for strategic patent options and for patent assertion activity in Europe. Many patent practitioners are watching Europe as the future market place for patenting. PAE activity in Europe is increasing and one reason for this trend is that PAEs originating from the United States are becoming more active in Europe. In the future, fuzzy boundaries of patent claims in general and of software-related claims in particular, new combinations of technologies and enhanced interoperability under the schemes of Industry 4.0 and the Internet of Things could attract PAE activity in technological fields where it has not been seen before. Altogether, some of the features of the new UPC have the potential to play into the hands of PAEs in Europe. The future will much depend on the implementation of the new UPC system, how the different divisions of the court will establish case law decisions and how PAEs will make use of the new system. The intention of the article is to provide an overview of ongoing PAE activity in Europe and to assess the future strategic options of PAEs in Europe based on the design of the new UP and UPC system.     

A model for measuring and ranking a firm’s patent portfolio

ABSTRACT

Patent quality (PQ) is a critical and complex factor of a firm’s patent strategy. We posit that the existing PQ models and their methodological approaches are limited in their ability to address the multiple priorities of PQ – a firm’s strategic intentions, its stakeholders and balancing technology superiority and legal validity. We advance PQ literature by identifying the fourth generation of strategic PQ indicators and propose a hybrid multi-criteria model, based on AHP–TOPSIS, for patent portfolio measurement. The proposed PQ model provides a simple template that can guide the decisions of patent managers pursuing high quality patent portfolios. We test the PQ model by applying it in two sectors: 3G WCDMA telecommunications and biotechnology.     

Strategic technology editing of the patent stage: lesson from a case of inkjet printer development

Patents are conventionally regarded as representing post-procurement of rights based on results of research and development (R&D). Patents can also be regarded as factors promoting R&D itself. In this study, the author examines the strategic meaning of patents in R&D through analyses of the R&D processes at Canon Inc., which is widely considered to submit patents strategically. The author identified characteristic behaviour related to patent acquisition in the R&D of inkjet printers. Canon constructed a strong patent group precisely by editing patents submitted earlier. Characteristic patent submissions were also identified: they elevated the obtained R&D results to higher concepts as milestones of R&D. These findings are discussed from the viewpoint of the meaning of patents for R&D and the possibility of effective R&D at the patent stage.     

Patent text mining and informetric-based patent technology morphological analysis: an empirical study

Patent technology morphological analysis utilises the advantages of both patent information analysis and morphological analysis to provide more detailed information on current and future patent technology. Current patent technology morphological analysis methods are largely reliant on manual expertise in the construction of morphological boxes with few approaches to the evaluation of future morphological configurations. We developed a patent text mining and informetric-based patent technology morphological analysis technique. We defined the basic parameters of the morphological box as the factors in factor analysis, with a patent keywords matrix, and the clusters in clustering analysis with factor scores. Patent citation, year of patent registration, keyword frequency, and contributing factors were used to evaluate future morphological configurations. We used an empirical study of liquid crystal display wide viewing angle patents to validate our method. The Thomson Reuters Derwent Innovation Index was used to collect patent text datasets. Our study indicates that this method is feasible for the implementation of patent technology morphological analysis. Our method provides advantages in terms of cost and time reductions during morphological box construction and more flexible methods for evaluating morphological configurations. We discuss problems and possible development of our method in the last section.     

面向技术战略的专利分析方法述评

专利信息反映了最新的技术发展情况与技术的具体细节,如何利用专利信息把握技术发展趋势以及潜在的商业化潜力,是目前企业技术战略研究的一个主要方面。本文探讨了专利分析方法在企业专利战略制定方面的应用,并提出了5个方面的分析框架。     

Enhanced co-citation analysis using frameworks

The valuation of intangible assets, such as patents, has recently been considered an important technique for R&D strategies. This paper proposes a citation analysis as a method of valuation on patent clusters having patent networks. A citation analysis is a method that examines the value of a patent on the basis of the number of citations of references. In particular, a co-citation analysis is used for coupling patents as the patent cluster and valuating the patent cluster. While the co-citation analysis is of great interest as a method of valuation, this analysis has not been fully examined and does not define any framework for a technology transition and patent strategy. Therefore, in this paper, the conventional co-citation analysis for evaluating the patent clusters is enhanced and frameworks for the technology transition and patent strategy are proposed by analysing citation routes in a co-citation analysis.     

A semantic analysis approach for identifying patent infringement based on a product–patent map

Identifying patent infringement beforehand is highly important for reducing the risk of damages. However, as the approach to patents is changing from the technological and legal approaches of the past to the business approach, strategic patent infringement litigation and securement of patents can be important tools for companies. From various viewpoints, companies can consider an aggressive patent infringement litigation as well as evasion strategy of patent infringement litigation to keep competitors in check. Previous research on patent infringement identification only considered the possibility of infringement between patents. However, infringement cases between patent and product are prevalent. Thus, this research aims to suggest an automated method for identifying patent infringement between the patent and product in business. To this end, this paper proposes the subject–action–object (SAO) semantic technological similarity-based product–patent method for generating infringement maps. Several indices and subgrouping methods are suggested to interpret the map. As an exemplary case, data on technology and products related to the light emitting diode (LED) lamp are collected and exploited.     

Schumpeter,Schumacher and the Greening of Technology

We propose a semantic patent claim analysis that can examine patents for possible infringements and identify which needs to be manually perused. So far, numerous approaches have been devised to systemise this burden, but have not been useful in practice because of a lack of consideration of semi-structure of patent claim data and claim element-based procedure of adjudicating patent infringement. At the heart of our method is a hierarchical keyword vector for representing the dependency relationships among claim elements (as well as unstructured textual information) and a tree matching algorithm for comparing claim elements of patents. A case study of the patents about DNA chip technology shows our method has considerable advantages in terms of accuracy and significance. We believe the suggested method could be employed in various research areas and serve as a starting point for developing more general models.     

The patterns of patents in China

Innovations are a key driver of long-term economic growth. There has been an explosion of patent filings in China in the past three decades. But empirical studies on the pattern of innovations at the firm level are rather scant primarily due to lack of firm-specific patent data. We have made concerted efforts to match Chinese patent data with a large firm-level database. The matched dataset enables us to examine the patterns of patents at the firm level. Our analysis has revealed several interesting patterns: (1) domestic firms have become increasingly more innovative in terms of patent application; (2) private firms, rather than state-owned enterprises, have been the engine of innovation; (3) rising wages have propelled labor-intensive sectors to become more innovative; and (4) in response to increasing sex ratio imbalances, firms in female-intensive industries have exhibited more innovations than those in male-intensive industries.     

基于专利分析的产品技术成熟度预测——以液晶显示技术为例

基于TRIZ和产品技术进化理论,建立了产品技术成熟度预测模型,提出以专利数据库为数据源、以技术进化标准曲线图为对标的产品技术成熟度预测方法。以液晶显示技术为例,剖析了该方法在高新技术企业中的具体应用。研究结果表明:液晶显示技术已进入成熟期后期、即将步入退出期,应开发新生代核心技术进行激进创新,使产品技术进化路线移入新一轮S型曲线。     

药品专利保护对医药产业发展贡献度的实证分析

在医药技术、医药经济和医药产业倍受关注的今天,药品专利保护所具有的激励研发创新、提升科技竞争力、促进信息技术公开的基本功能,已经成为医药产业实现跨越式发展的有力保障。实证分析药品专利保护对医药产业发展的贡献度可知,按照1995-2007年我国医药行业工业增加值的平均增长率计算,药品专利制度的贡献率为29.2%,资本的贡献率为13.0%,科技活动人员的贡献率为57.8%。     

专利法利益平衡机制的法经济学解析——基于社会契约论的观点

现有文献对专利法中具体权利限制制度的研究,难以使我们从整体上把握专利法利益平衡原则的作用机制.而从社会契约论的视角着眼,专利法利益平衡机制可归结为信息公开-权利专有的对价关系.运用法经济学原理进行的分析表明,契约对价通过专利长度和专利宽度两个法律变量的变化协调双方的利益关系.分析结果进一步指出专利契约在实践中面临价值缺失的危险,提出在契约订立过程中引入博弈机制是重构专利契约的关键.     

区域性专利信息管理与利用研究——以湖南省为例

通过对湖南省知识产权优势企业专利信息利用情况的调查,分析了湖南省专利信息利用存在的问题,提出了区域专利信息利用发展规划的目标定位和重点任务,为提升区域专利信息利用绩效提供了参考。     

专利视角下人工智能与车联网技术融合演化研究

通过对人工智能与车联网技术融合特征进行研究，能够精准识别车联网产业技术机会，为人工智能与车联网产业创新融合发展提供方向指引。选取2000—2019年相关专利数据，对人工智能与车联网领域技术融合进行识别与测度，采用Word2vec文本挖掘算法和社会网络分析法，揭示融合领域技术发展态势、技术主题关联模式、技术共现网络整体结构和节点功能演变情况。研究发现，融合过程呈现明显的阶段性特征，图像识别等相关算法是车联网领域最基础的人工智能算法，卷积神经网络等相关算法是最具潜力和发展前景的人工智能算法；智能交通平台是融合领域的重点发展方向；数据识别与数据表示技术在融合演变过程中的控制能力较强，无线通信网络技术发展受到相关人工智能技术发展水平的制约。基于研究结论，从研发方向、学科建设、平台搭建等方面提出启示和建议。     

太阳能技术的合作专利分析及对策

低碳经济已经成为国际经济发展的新要求,因此,低碳技术开发日益受到世界各国的重视。太阳能技术是一种典型的低碳技术,我国经过10几年的发展,在太阳能领域取得了举世瞩目的成就,但因缺乏核心技术,目前面临着严峻的挑战。由于专利分析能客观地评价技术创新与合作水平,因此,为更好地促进我国太阳能技术的发展,基于专利分析法,对我国太阳能合作专利数据进行了分析。结果表明:我国太阳能技术的跨机构技术联系较少,"产学研"创新体系尚不成熟;政策扶持对于太阳能这种新兴低碳技术有较大的影响力;国内太阳能专利授权的技术领域主要集中在太阳能热利用,而在光伏领域的合作较少;太阳能合作专利存在较大的区域差异,应该进一步加强区域之间的技术合作和技术转移:应该加强国际技术合作。     

中国风电技术专利信息分析

从中国风电技术的应用及风电产业的发展出发,从专利类型、年度趋势、技术领域、区域分布、申请人、发明人和生命周期等角度,分析了1985—2010年3月期间中国风电技术领域的专利信息。研究结果显示:中国风电技术领域专利处于快速发展阶段;从专利类型看,该领域专利主要为发明专利和实用新型专利;从技术领域看,该领域专利主要集中于IPC-F03D;从区域看,江苏、上海、北京等风能资源较丰富或科研力量较强区域的该领域专利申请量较多;从申请人看,通用电气、艾劳埃斯.乌本和维斯塔斯等企业或个人在中国风电技术领域的专利具有较强的竞争力;从发明人的角度看,艾劳埃斯.乌本是中国风电技术领域最具竞争力的创新者。     

企业专利管理状况调查及特征分析——以青岛284家重点企业为例

对样本企业专利情况和管理行为的分析表明,专利类型和管理组织对创新效率有直接影响,维权环境深受企业关注,"大企业带动"、"专利和品牌相互促进"的青岛经验有一定借鉴意义,但中小企业创新力弱和优势行业面临的竞争颓势值得警醒。从增强创新能力和动力入手,建立内生型企业专利战略是当前的紧迫任务。     

Biases in patent examination and firms’ responses: Evidence from the pharmaceutical industry

Empirical analysis of matched patent application data in the world’s major patent offices has shown considerable variation in patent granting probability and examination duration across different countries. This phenomenon is attributed to institutional misclassifications or patent examiners’ mistakes by some authors. Others argued that cross-country heterogeneity could also be caused by deliberate manipulation of patent examination procedures with the goal to foster native inventors through suppressing foreign patent applicants. To explore whether manipulation exists, this study presents a case study of pharmaceutical patents granted by the US patent office and approved by the US FDA. Especially it focuses on the filing behavior of pharmaceutical companies in Korea, Japan and China. The regression results show that the granting ratio of the previous applications of a foreign company is correlated with the company’s probability of lodging a new patent application, which provides a supplementary evidence of the existence of the manipulated patent examination procedures.