金融服务外包业务的风险及防范

金融服务外包业务正在垒球化的背景下迅猛发展。金融机构通过将非核心的业务外包给服务供应商,可以达到节约经营成本,集中优势资源发展核心业务,增强核心竞争力的目的。文章分析了金融服务外包中的各种风险,如履约风险、转变业务风险、机密外汇等,并对如何控制风险做了有益的探索。     

现代企业的业务外包管理

本文认为，业务外包是现代企业增强组织灵活性，提高核心竞争力的重要手段。业务外包可通过强化核心竞争力、增强组织分裂的价值、规避经营风险和降低经营成本等途径来使企业获得增值；而企业核心业务的确定必须综合考虑公司战略性资产的特性及其母合机会等因素。最后，文章总结了成功地实施业务外包所需要的4个阶段。     

企业业务外包的内涵及其理论解释

在日趋激烈的市场竞争中,业务外包的优势日益明显。通过外包,许多企业获得了质量、成本、时间等诸多益处。文章从业务外包的内涵出发,对其一般理论基础交易费用理论和核心能力理论进行了阐释,指出了二者在解释企业业务外包的区别,并对企业进行业务外包的功效进行了分析。     

业务外包的优势、风险与决策

业务外包是企业发展核心竞争力的必然选择,也是企业获取竞争优势的重要战略.企业依靠业务外包可以获得一系列优势,同时也要承担一定的风险.所以,正确的制定外包决策是外包成功的前提.本文依次分析了业务外包的优势和风险,最后提出了相应的自制/外包决策矩阵.     

跨国高科技企业业务外包战略研究

在市场环境相对稳定的条件下，采用“纵向一体化”可以加强核心企业对全过程的控制，然而。随着科技的发展，顾客需求的多样化与个性化，只有善于发掘，构建和利用核心竞争能力的企业才能在市场竞争日趋激烈的今天立于不败之地，适应这一外部要求，业务外包作为一种企业运作思路和模式首先在高科技企业中得到广泛应用。本文主要剖析了这些企业业务外包的战略及对国内相关行业的影响与启示。     

企业业务外包分析及其补充

一、业务外包 “业务外包”是指企业将一些非核心的、次要的或辅助性的功能或业务外包给企业外部的专业服务机构，利用它们的专长和优势来提高企业的整体效率和竞争力，而自身仅专注于企业具有核心竞争力的功能和业务。企业实施业务外包，有利于企业集中资源和精力投入到企业的核心业务上，强化其核心能力，提高竞争力；有利于企业降低生产成本、分散经营风险。     

电网企业开展业务外包的探索

一、业务外包概述业务外包是企业将自己做不了、做不好或别人做得更好、更专业的事交由外部其他企业（称承包方）去做,其实质是企业重新配置内部各种资源,将公司有限的资源集中于企业的优势领域,增强核心竞争力,降低成本,提高服务质量和水平,获得使企业持续发展的能力。电网企业的专业分类众多、业务规模庞大,企业中的非主营业务（后勤服务等）以及一般的主营业务占用了企业的大部分人力、财力、物力等资源,这样势必分散企业对其核心业务的注意力,而开展业务外包正好能够很好解决这样的问题,使得企业改变业务关注点,从而更好地优化资源配置,发展企业的核心业务,增强企业的核心竞争力。对于电网企业来讲,业务外包从战术、战略和变革的角度都具有熏要的优势。     

人力资源外包的战略思考

人力资源外包的内涵和动因 外包(Outsourcing)是在企业实施“回归主业．强化核心业务”的大背景下风行起来的一种企业新战略手段。人们大都认为外包是将某一职能交由外部组织完成，以实现企业资源利用效率最大化的一种战略手段。人力资源外包(HK Outsourcing)各种业务外包中的一种，指企业为了战略发展的需要．将人力资源职能交由企业外部更专业、更高效的组织来完成，     

外包效应透视

“外包”也叫“外协”、“外购”．指企业为致力于发展核心业务和核心专长而把辅助性业务或非核心业务交给别人去做。外包是当今全球流行的经营新理念和管理新概念之一，并日益成为各国企业实践中的一种趋势和潮流。国际数据公司(IDC)发布的专题报告指出，2000年。全球IT服务外包支出达560亿美元．此后按年均20％以上的速度增长．预计到2005年将突破1000亿美元。     

我国制鞋业外包的战略选择——基于耐克公司业务外包的分析

企业外包作为一种发展战略,在当今全球化时代已经受到越来越大的关注。文章从企业外包的理论基础出发,深入分析了耐克公司外包战略的选择问题,同时对我国制鞋业外包相关情况进行了分析。     

Pleasure and belief in Hume's Decision Process

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to introduce explicitly pleasure and belief in what aims at being a Humean theory of decision, like the one developed in Diaye and Lapidus (2005a). Although we support the idea that Hume was in some way a hedonist – evidently different from Bentham's or Jevons' way – we lay emphasis less on continuity than on the specific kind of hedonism encountered in Hume's writings (chiefly the Treatise, the second Enquiry, the Dissertation, or some of his Essays). Such hedonism clearly contrasts to its standard modern inheritance, expressed by the relation between preferences and utility.

The reason for such a difference with the usual approach lies in the mental process that Hume puts to the fore in order to explain the way pleasure determines desires and volition. Whereas pleasure is primarily, in Hume's words, an impression of sensation, it takes place in the birth of passions as reflecting an idea of pleasure, whose “force and vivacity” is precisely a “belief”, transferred to the direct passions of desire or volition that come immediately before action. As a result, from a Humean point of view, “belief” deals with decision under risk or uncertainty, as well as with intertemporal decision and indiscrimination problems.

The latter are explored within a formal framework, and it is shown that the relation of pleasure is transformed by belief into a non-empty class of relations of desire, among which at least one is a preorder.     

Globalization,Neoliberalism and the attack on social security

Neoliberal political movements advocate privatization of public pension systems. Globalization imposes pressure on nations to conform to neoliberal policy views with respect to the design and structure of social insurance, including public pension systems. The paper begins with an investigation of the economic, ethical and ideological dimensions of the privatization debates in the U.S.; it argues that privatization advocates may be largely moved by ideology, since the other reasons advanced appear weak or unfounded. The second part discusses the history of Social Security, the purposes for its creation, and some of its economic effects. Differences between public and private pension systems are considered. A brief international comparison of some aspects of public pension system finance and benefit structures is presented. The final section considers the ethical, macroeconomic and distributional implications of privatization, prefunding and payroll tax funding, and argues for a pay as you go system financed with income taxes. In order to promote equity, economic security, community, and social cohesion, public pension systems should be universal in coverage. In order to reduce the inequality, income insecurity, and aged poverty generated by market economies, public pension systems ought to be progressive: benefit/contribution ratios should be inversely proportional to income, and progressive income taxes should finance the system. To promote economic growth, the systems should be financed on a pay-as-you-go basis, and should not be prefunded except for an emergency reserve. The fiscal policy recommendations partially depend upon the theory developed by Abba Lerner in the 1940s, and recently advanced by Wynne Godley and Randy Wray: Lerner's “principle of functional finance.”     

Interest on reserves and inflation

The payment of interest on reserves has been a common practice in inflationary economies. This policy may seem paradoxical since it involves returning part of the seigniorage, generated by the inflation process, with the intention to finance the fiscal deficit. This paper argues that the motivation for this policy can be captured by the discretionary regime, where the policymaker pays interest on reserves because he is concerned with the erosion of real liquidity by inflation, which is in part beyond his control. However, this policy is an unlikely outcome in the commitment regime, where the policymaker is in full control of inflation.     

John Stuart Mill's Theories of Wealth and Income Distribution

Although he was much influenced by David Ricardo when he wrote the classical part of his Principles , John Stuart Mill was not a Ricardian when he penned his theories of wealth and distribution. They are based on a triple foundation. First, a belief that economics is a moral discipline. Second a theory of custom-driven human behavior. Third, an empirically formed conviction that the institutions of state, education and business cooperate to structure the distribution of income. On the basis of these presuppositions, Mill formulated 1) an institutional theory of the formation of human and non-human wealth and 2) an even more institutional theory of distribution demonstrating how the aforementioned institutions malignantly skew the distribution of income to the advantage of the propertied classes and to the extreme disadvantage of the working class. As a social economist, Mill recommended institutional reforms designed to eradicate the poverty of the working class.     

Forecasting the price of gold

This article seeks to evaluate the appropriateness of a variety of existing forecasting techniques (17 methods) at providing accurate and statistically significant forecasts for gold price. We report the results from the nine most competitive techniques. Special consideration is given to the ability of these techniques to provide forecasts which outperforms the random walk (RW) as we noticed that certain multivariate models (which included prices of silver, platinum, palladium and rhodium, besides gold) were also unable to outperform the RW in this case. Interestingly, the results show that none of the forecasting techniques are able to outperform the RW at horizons of 1 and 9 steps ahead, and on average, the exponential smoothing model is seen providing the best forecasts in terms of the lowest root mean squared error over the 24-month forecasting horizons. Moreover, we find that the univariate models used in this article are able to outperform the Bayesian autoregression and Bayesian vector autoregressive models, with exponential smoothing reporting statistically significant results in comparison with the former models, and classical autoregressive and the vector autoregressive models in most cases.     

Planned adaptation in risk regulation: An initial survey of US environmental, health, and safety regulation

In principle, we want regulatory programs to be based on current realities, as reflected for example in the best knowledge of relevant experts. That would imply that old rules now on the books should be consistent with today's knowledge base, not just what was known when a rule or standard was originally set. This paper reports on a survey of US programs, examining how often existing rules are actually updated in light of better knowledge, and identifies five programs that attempt to make policy routinely adaptive. These programs exhibit what we term Planned Adaptation: they both revise rules when relevant new knowledge appears, and take steps to produce such improved knowledge. While Planned Adaptation is rare, it is used in several nationally prominent programs, including air pollution, airplane safety, and drug safety. Planned Adaptation is a policy tool that deserves more attention.     

Information infrastructure: Who builds broadband networks?

This paper examines the essential difference between the U.S. and Japan, when one considers information infrastructure. There are seven perception gaps between the U.S. and Japan concerning Information Infrastructure policies. These gaps must be understood in order to compare the countries' governmental policies in this area. In looking at the present circumstances, the essential question to answer concerns who is to build, own and operate the network(s) of the infrastructure. Liberalization is certain to be a central factor in the ongoing telecommunications debates. Now that customers have had a taste of the liberalized market-place, the movement toward more open markets will be difficult to stop. When considering options, it is necessary to pay close attention to standardized network access and the increasingly important role software plays. These issues are causing us to take a new approach to the traditional role played by regulators. They also force a closer look at the appropriate structure of utility companies. This paper addresses the above issues in hopes of stimulating dialog on the new telecommunications infrastructure paradigm.     

Bayesian estimation of duration models: An application of the multiperiod probit model

The multiperiod probit model is presented and Bayesian estimation using the Gibbs sampler with data augmentation is described. As an empirical illustration, the multiperiod probit model is then used to estimate a duration model using employment duration data for the Canadian province of New Brunswick. Bayesian estimation with unobserved heterogeneity is shown to be a simple extension of estimation of a duration model with no unobserved heterogeneity. More importantly, perhaps, some numerical problems encountered by other authors using Maximum Likelihood are avoided.I would like to thank M. Baker, G. Koop, A. Melino and D. Poirier for helpful comments and discussions. I would also like to thank M. Baker for providing his data.     

海岛地区产业演替及资源基础分析--以舟山群岛为例

改革开放以来,舟山市产业构成发生了显著变化,其经济发展过程可以划分为三个阶段。1992年前,是以产业结构渔业占绝对地位的单一结构阶段;1993—1998年,以旅游业为主的第三产业快速发展阶段;上世纪末以来,又进入了新一轮的经济发展时期,即工业产值比重快速增加阶段。根据海岛的自然资源基础和特点,在新世纪的经济发展过程中,舟山市应定位为生态型的港口旅游城市。以港口及临港工业为主导,以海岛旅游和海洋经济为特色,大力发展第二产业和第三产业。海岛地区的主导产业应体现海岛资源优势及区位优势,以集群性环保型产业为主。同时由于海岛地区淡水资源缺乏,主导产业也应着重选择低耗水型产业。