新疆能源矿产资源开发利益共享机制研究

由于现行资源开发体制和财政税费制度的原因,新疆能源矿产资源开发过程中资源所在地政府和居民利益受到一定损失。运用制度经济学分析方法,从资源产权制度,资源税费制度、资源收益分配制度和资源补偿法律制度层面对新疆能源矿产资源开发中利益受损的原因进行了剖析,提出要理顺中央政府、中央企业与地方政府之间的利益关系,确立资源地区对属地资源的收益权,建立资源属地收益和异地有偿使用的利益协调机制,加大对资源地的补偿,使新疆尽快走出"富饶的贫困"。     

矿产资源开发中生态补偿法律问题研究

文章从矿产资源开发生态补偿问题的提出入手,对我国当前矿产资源开发生态补偿的现状进行分析,认为在当前的法律体系中对由矿产资源开发造成的环境污染和生态破坏都不存在真正意义的生态补偿,即便是具有补偿性质的资源税费也不具有补偿环境生态功能减损的性质,充其量不过是对矿产资源的资源价值的经济补偿而已。因此得出结论:制度的缺失是造成当前资源开发生态补偿不能充分解决的关键所在。文章结合上述分析对矿产资源开发过程中的生态补偿进行了法律界定,同时认为矿产资源开发生态补偿的实质是在矿业企业、受益地区和受损的矿区环境及矿区居民不同主体的经济利益与生态利益和生存利益与发展利益之间进行的动态协调,并具有预防环境问题的产生、引导矿业企业把环境损害纳入生产成本、约束矿业企业保护环境减少损害的功能。接下来文章从分析矿产资源开发生态补偿的理论依据与现实依据入手,认为矿产资源开发生态补偿可以有效解决我国当前矿产品定价不合理的问题和"市场失灵"与"政府失灵"的问题。并得出兼顾公平与效率的可持续性原则和谁受益谁补偿的原则应该成为矿产资源开发生态补偿的基本原则。     

新疆矿产资源开发生态环境补偿机制研究

在新疆矿产资源开发和向疆外输出的同时,给矿产资源原产地带来了一系列生态环境问题。同时,当资源地生态环境受损时,没有合理的机制保障当地居民的损失得到补偿。因此,从环境保护、补偿和建设的角度看,国家必须考虑对矿产资源开发导致的生态环境价值损失进行补偿,建立起以调整相关利益主体间的环境与经济利益分配关系为核心,以内化相关生态保护外部收益或破坏行为的外部成本为基准,以经济激励为目的,以市场调节为手段,以法律保障为前提的生态补偿机制。     

对建立矿产资源开发生态补偿机制的探讨

建立矿产资源开发生态补偿机制是完善生态补偿机制的一个重要方面。文章介绍了我国矿产资源开发生态补偿的基本情况、取得的主要成效和存在的主要问题。在此基础上,提出了完善矿产资源生态补偿机制的6条建议:梳理相关政策法规,稳妥推进矿产资源开发生态补偿;明细执法主体,规范补偿费收取办法;加大中央财政转移支付,拓宽矿山环境治理资金渠道;实施差别化政策,对新老矿区采取不同的补偿政策;明确法律责任,重视发挥地方政府和市场的作用;注重公众参与,保障特殊群体的利益。研究成果对完善我国矿产资源开发生态补偿机制和推进生态立法提供了重要支撑。     

江西矿产资源生态补偿存在的问题及对策

矿产资源开发对江西经济发展发挥了重要作用,但矿产资源开发也对生态环境造成了损害,因而,调整生态损害与保护的关系,建立矿产资源生态补偿机制是一项重要的任务.本文在介绍江西矿产资源生态补偿存在问题的基础上提出了构建矿产资源生态补尝机制的相关对策:制定矿产资源开发生态补偿的定价机制、建立矿产资源开发生态补尝的资金保障机制、建立矿产资源生态补偿机制的有效约柬机制、建立矿产资源开发的朴教性生态补偿机制等.     

矿产开发中资源生态补偿机制的理论基础研究——基于可持续发展的视角

随着经济的迅速发展,矿产资源供需形势日益严重,促使加快建立和完善矿产资源的生态补偿机制。因此,基于可持续发展的视角,在价值理论、耗竭性理论及可持续发展财富观理论基础上,对矿产开发中的资源生态补偿的理论基础进行了分析,并对我国矿产开发中完善资源生态补偿机制提出相关政策建议。     

盐矿资源开发生态补偿机制问题与对策——以四川盐矿区为例

盐矿资源的开发容易引发地表沉陷、植被破坏、水资源污染和土地盐碱化等生态问题,应该对利益受损者进行生态补偿。现行盐矿资源开发生态补偿机制存在税费制度不合理、管理体制不健全、市场化机制缺失等问题。从改革矿产资源税费制度,制定科学的可操作的生态补偿标准体系,完善生态补偿市场机制和完善生态补偿行政管理体制等方面建立和完善盐矿资源开发生态补偿机制。     

环新疆经济圈视角下新疆矿产资源开发战略分析

在矿产资源甘益缺乏的今天,新疆的能源战略地位更加突起.新疆地处欧亚大陆腹地,位于"环新疆经济圈"的核心位置,充分利用新疆的地缘优势,结合"环新疆经济圈"中资源禀赋较好的俄罗斯、哈萨克斯坦、吉尔吉斯斯坦、乌兹别克斯坦、塔吉克斯坦等周边国家资源状况,提出新疆的矿产资源开发战略,把新疆打造成中国未来的矿产资源储备区与能源接替区,确保我国矿产资源的战略安全.     

对我国资源开发利益补偿机制的探索

本文从当前我国资源开发中利益分配存在的问题入手，浅析了导致这些问题产生的主要因素。从理论方法、补偿模式和保障制度这三个方面提出了建立新型利益补偿机制构架的初步设想。最后。提供了建立和完善资源开发利益补偿机制的几个对策。     

江西矿产资源生态补偿存在的问题及对策

矿产资源开发对江西经济发展发挥了重要作用,但矿产资源开发也对生态环境造成了损害,因而,调整生态损害与保护的关系,建立矿产资源生态补偿机制是一项重要的任务。本文在介绍江西矿产资源生态补偿存在问题的基础上提出了构建矿产资源生态补尝机制的相关对策：制定矿产资源开发生态补偿的定价机制、建立矿产资源开发生态补尝的资金保障机制、建立矿产资源生态补偿机制的有效约束机制、建立矿产资源开发的补救性生态补偿机制等。     

我国房地产税制的现状及改革构想

房地产税制是维护房地产市场公平竞争，实现国家对房地产业宏观调控的有力杠杆。然而，我国现行的房地产税制却存在税费不分、税制不统一、税制结构不合理等诸多问题。严重影响了其对房地产业应有的宏观调控作用。因此，适时地推进房地产税制的改革应是当务之急，应统一内外税制，合理界定税费的范围，建立统一、规范、合理的房地产税收体系。     

The Change in Productive Efficiency in Telecommunications in the United States

The question addressed here is whether the adoption of incentive regulation, which has become an important regulatory tool in the telecommunications industry in the USA, has resulted in a change in the technical efficiency of local exchange carriers in the USA. After providing an overview of the nature of incentive regulation, a methodology for measuring technical efficiency and its change is introduced. This is a multiple-output/multiple-input distance function approach to measuring technical efficiency. The results of implementing this approach for 19 local exchange carriers for the 1988-2001 period indicate that in the production of local service, intrastate toll/access service, and interstate access to local loops, there was no change in technical efficiency between the 1988-1990 period and the 1991- 2001 period, something that incentive regulation was specifically designed to promote.     

Age Discrimination in Employment in Canada

Issues pertaining to age discrimination in employment in Canada are analyzed with a view toward highlighting lessons that may be learned from the Canadian experience—an experience that is taking on increased policy importance. Reasons for the increased attention to age discrimination issues are outlined, followed by a portrayal of the age discrimination legislation and court interpretations in Canada, especially as they pertain to mandatory retirement. Enforcement aspects are discussed, as is the evidence on age discrimination in employment and the effectiveness of legislation with respect to age discrimination and mandatory retirement. The article concludes with a discussion of the lessons to be learned from the Canadian experience, especially with respect to the poorly understood but complicated relationship between age discrimination and mandatory retirement. Policy recommendations for strengthening age discrimination legislation are also outlined. (JEL J14 , J24 , J71 )     

Inequalities in Income Distribution in Slovenia

This article presents an empirical analysis of income distribution based on income tax data for Slovenia in 1991-2000. It presents evidence of rising inequalities in income distribution (gross income, gross wages and pensions). These results are supported by coefficients of variation, Gini coefficients and by the Lorenz curves. Inequalities increased rapidly in the 1991 to 1993 period. After a significant decrease in 1994 and a steady increase from 1995 to 2000, the peak value from 1993 was not surpassed. Atkinson's requirements for dominance comparisons are not violated. Inequalities are also present in the distribution of the benefits of economic growth among income groups.     

上海生态农业发展影响因素研究

文章分析了上海生态农业发展的影响因素,并利用计量模型进行检验,认为影响上海生态农业发展的主要因素有农业基础设施、农业劳动力资源、农业产业化水平、农业科技实力状况。     

The Change in Productive Efficiency in Telecommunications in the United States

The question addressed here is whether the adoption of incentive regulation, which has become an important regulatory tool in the telecommunications industry in the USA, has resulted in a change in the technical efficiency of local exchange carriers in the USA. After providing an overview of the nature of incentive regulation, a methodology for measuring technical efficiency and its change is introduced. This is a multiple-output/multiple-input distance function approach to measuring technical efficiency. The results of implementing this approach for 19 local exchange carriers for the 1988–2001 period indicate that in the production of local service, intrastate toll/access service, and interstate access to local loops, there was no change in technical efficiency between the 1988–1990 period and the 1991–2001 period, something that incentive regulation was specifically designed to promote.     

Payment Systems in Countries in Transition

MOCT-MOST: Economic Policy in Transitional Economies -     

Public participation in forestry in Turkey

Recently public participation in forestry has been seriously considered in Turkey. Participation is however quite a challenge for a country with a long tradition of top-down management and a strong bottom-up dependence on public provisioning. In such a setting, it may not be surprising that the experiences with public participation in forestry in Turkey are mixed. There are some positive initiatives like the creation of farmer's cooperatives and NGOs, but their role is quite limited and small of scale. This paper is bringing together different views based on existing studies in Turkish related to Turkey's experience with implementing public participation in forestry.