创新驱动发展——英国创新政策五大着力点及具体举措剖析

本文在梳理英国创新体系建设历程的基础上,对英国政府创新政策的5个着力点进行了剖析,包括强调保持优势领域科学研究领先水平,发挥研究和创新成果的经济和社会影响;推动大学与产业开展合作,大力促进研究和创新成果商业化;强化提升企业创新能力,系统支持小企业创新活动;破解"死亡之谷"难题,为创新型中小企业早期发展提供金融支持;重视创新人才培养,大力支持技能培训等,并对英国政府推出的24项具体创新政策举措进行了详细介绍,供国内实施创新驱动发展战略参考借鉴。     

浅议国外风电补贴政策对我国的借鉴作用

政府政策是促进风电发展的关键因素.丹麦、英国的风电补贴政策是全球两种主要的政策,其政策的制定、修订都各有其特色.发达国家风电补贴政策制定的经验,对我国风电产业的发展具有参考与借鉴意义.     

风电产业激励政策比较以及中国应用探讨

相对于传统能源产业,风电在成本上缺乏竞争力,因此风电产业的发展需要政府实施激励政策。本文对固定上网电价、可再生能源配额制和特许经营权三种风电产业激励政策的优缺点进行了比较分析,探讨了各政策在风电产业各个阶段的适用性;结合中国实施风电产业激励政策中存在的问题,本文认为一方面需要对现有风电固定上网电价政策进行修正和完善,另一方面需要实施可再生能源配额制作为风电固定上网电价政策的补充,来保证风电产业的健康发展。     

我国海上风电产业发展思路与对策建议

近年来,我国出台了一系列有关海上风电产业发展的政策和规划,沿海各省也积极组织编制、报批海上风电产业发展规划,极大地推进了海上风电产业的发展进程。从可持续发展角度出发,我国海上风电产业发展应遵循"统筹布局、创新技术、示范推广、市场机制、协调管理"的总体思路,具体应详细调查风能资源,统筹海上风能开发;加强海上风电开发海洋环境影响的评估和补偿;先示范后推广,逐步推进海上风电产业发展;加快海上风电技术创新,完善产业体系;提高海上风电管理部门的行政管理效率;构建海上风电产业发展的市场激励政策体系。     

促进风电产业良性发展的建议

我国风电产业在高速发展的同时也带来诸如规划随意、投资盲目、技术缺乏、标准落后、公共服务体系不到位、地方保护等问题。建议尽快制定和出台统一的包括资源评估、配置机制、电网建设、科学发展、产业配套的风电能产业中长期发展规划；适当减慢风电装机应用的速度；进一步增强对供给侧的政策激励力度；加强行业规范和公共服务体系建设；努力创造公平竞争的市场环境。     

帮助企业跨越“死亡之谷”——英国政府的“有所为”与“有所不为”

为了帮助中小企业跨越"死亡之谷",英国政府为提供了多达700多个资金支持计划,包括帮助贷款、协助融资等。本文对英国的中小企业政策发展历史、现状进行介绍,并重点分析在总结了历史经验之后,英国政府在帮助中小企业融资过程中的角色,政府的为与不为,并分析政策"禁区"的原因。     

中国风电产业政策与产业发展——一项基于风电与传统电力替代性的研究

本文从考察风电与传统能源电力的需求替代弹性入手,通过构建社会对电力需求函数,分析了传统能源电力与风电的需求替代关系。政府若能通过政策手段内化传统电力对社会环境的负外部性,提高传统电力的价格,则社会对风电的需求量将会显著增加。在需求拉动下,风电产业会实现快速的增长。笔者的研究结果表明,以2009年为例,传统电力价格每上涨0.01元,社会对风电的需求将最高增加1.03亿千瓦左右。因此,我国政府在制定一系列风电产业支持政策的同时,可以尝试利用碳税或发放污染配额等政策手段,适当提高传统能源电力价格,拉动社会对风电的需求总量,促进风电产业的发展,实现社会福利的优化。     

中国海上风电产业发展主要问题及创新思路

海上风电是风电产业发展的趋势,中国海上风电已经进入发展的关键时期.但不可否认的是海上风电尚处于初级阶段,仍然面临许多亟需解决的问题.在分析中国海上风电产业在规划、管理、产业链、技术、政策等方面存在的问题基础上,提出了“系统规划、明晰路线、协调机制、摸清家底、完善链条、创新技术、突出服务、经济支持、全面发展”的海上风电发展总体路径,以期为我国海上风电产业的发展与进步提供参考.     

部委新政

1、多部门拟出台系列政策扶持光伏业发展为缓解我国光伏产业面临的困境,国家将从多个层面出台政策,扶持光伏产业发展。国家能源局权威人士透露,国家能源局正在制定"促进我国光伏产业发展的指导意见"等一系列产业政策,将从扩大国内市场需求、推进企业兼并重组和产业创新进步等多个方面支持光伏产业发展。据了解,近期高层指示要尽快出台支持光伏业发展的相关政策。国家能源局的一系列政策正是在这一背景下制定的。"相关政策正在紧锣密鼓地研究之中,成熟之后,会     

美国风电发展现状分析

近年来,美国风电发展迅速,截至到2012年8月,美国风电装机总量已突破50GW。简要介绍和分析了美国风电发展现状、政府扶持政策、研发重点和产业发展趋势。美国风电的快速发展,一方面,得益于全球可再生能源兴起;另一方面,离不开美国政府风电扶持政策和风电技术进步。我国应借鉴美国的经验,完善风电扶持政策,支持共性技术研发;发挥体制优势,加快风电建设;开放风电市场,加强国际合作,抢占风电技术和产业制高点。     

广东省海上风电产业发展形势分析

广东省是经济大省,也是能源消费大省,能源供给结构优化升级是支撑经济高质量发展的基础条件。广东省是中国海岸线最长的省,海上风能资源丰富、品质较好,发展海上风电具有得天独厚的地理条件。海上风电作为一种绿色、低碳、可再生的能源,为社会带来的环境经济效益不可小觑,未来在广东省建设“清洁低碳、安全高效”的现代化能源体系中将发挥重要作用。通过对广东省海上风电产业发展现状及问题进行剖析,提出有效的政策建议。     

政策工具及其组合与海上风电技术创新和扩散:来自德国的考察

发展低碳经济的核心在于低碳技术创新和扩散,低碳技术创新和扩散受政策工具及其组合的直接影响。总结归纳政策工具类型、设计要点及其组合特征,分析德国海上风电技术政策工具及其组合特征,并定性研究政策工具、组合特征及相应组织对德国海上风电技术创新和扩散的具体影响。结果表明,各政策工具对海上风电技术创新和扩散具有正向影响;全面性政策工具组合能够克服海上风电技术创新和扩散面临的市场失灵、制度失灵和其它瓶颈;政策工具组合特征在单个政策工具对海上风电技术创新和扩散的影响中起调节作用;政策工具组合全面性、可靠性、一致性程度与海上风电技术创新和扩散正相关;政策工具组合可靠性与全面性、一致性之间在对海上风电技术创新影响中存在互补关系。     

With license to build: Chinese offshore wind firms rejecting European certificates

This paper examines the role of six European certification firms attempt to position themselves in China’s offshore wind industry. We find that European certification firms lack attention to local needs and struggle with differences in risk perceptions. Chinese companies, on their part, stress the importance of first-hand experience rather than foreign involvement in project development, making the efforts of European certification companies redundant. We conclude that the Chinese development strategy is in opposition to established European certification practices: from a Chinese perspective, the European approach looks like over-engineered project development, whilst in China, taking risks and gaining access to necessary experienced and ‘independent’ knowledge is seen as a precondition for developing the offshore wind industry.     

Investment risk analysis of China's wind power industry based on pre-assessment matrix

Wind energy is a clean and sustainable energy, and wind power does not rely on fossil fuels.So there is no fuel price risk, and it, of course, does not include the environmental costs, such as carbon emissions.Because of these unique advantages, wind power has gradually become an important part of the strategy of sustainable development in China.Now with the growing voices on global greenhouse gas emission reduction, and as a clean and efficient energy,wind power has huge potential in combating climate change, energy security pressures and the needs for energy Wind power in China began to develop from the 1980s.In the first 20 years, the speed of development was slow;but since 2004, it has had an extremely rapid growth.This paper, in order to study the development mechanism of China's wind power industry, investigated and analyzed the status quo of wind power industry in China, and then found that(1)the development trend of wind power industry in China appears exponential growth:(2) China's installed capactiy of wind power is still smaller than that os some other countries;(3) new subsidy policies bring developing opportunities to wind power industry in China;(4) the sectors of wind power industry are in unbalanced growing;(5) the owners of proposed wind farms are too optimistic though the built wind farm had many problems.In addition, by using the methodology of Game Theory, this paper has also constructed the matrix of pre-assessing risks of China's wind power industry to further discuss the potential risk fuctors within China's wind power industry as risk factors of wind farm construction, risk factors of production of wind turbines, risk factors of parts and components manufacturing industry under risk indicators like R&D, patents, the domestic policy, the international policy, the quality of products and the market regulation, in order to provide a scientific assessment and self-assessment tool for investors or implementers and also to promote the further development of the wind power industry.     

理性认识我国风电产业的发展

随着科技进步和社会发展,越来越多的不可再生资源被消耗掉,而风能的优越性使其成为当今时代的一大主题。在国家大力发展清洁能源政策的支持下,近年来,我国风电产业已经显示出迅猛的发展势头。面对已经取得的成绩,我们应该保持谨慎的心态,理性认识风电产业的综合效益。     

Spatial planning of offshore wind farms: A windfall to marine environmental protection?

Wind farms are often planned offshore where wind conditions are favourable and the visual impact is less important. Wind farms have both positive and negative effects on the marine environment. Negative effects include bird collisions, underwater sounds and electromagnetic fields, whilst positive effects constitute functioning as artificial reef and acting as no-take zones for fish, with possible spill-over effects.This paper presents a spatially explicit framework to analyze effects of wind farms on the marine environment and aims to evaluate how wind farms can contribute to protection of the marine environment through strategic and economically viable location choices.The functioning and the applicability of the model are demonstrated in a numerical example for the Dutch exclusive economic zone. We find that the careful spatial planning of wind farms is a key factor for profitability and environmental protection, and that, if carefully planned, the environment can benefit from offshore wind farms.     

我国风机制造业竞争力强度研究——基于景气指数分析法

利用景气指数分析法并结合扩散指数研究了2003—2009年我国风机制造业竞争力强度。得出结论:我国风机制造业已结束混乱竞争局面,正逐步走向但还没有达到有序竞争阶段,产业步入成长期。     

盐城东沙风能资源开发与海上风电场建设对策研究

盐城沿海东沙岛风能资源十分丰富,建设风电场条件优越,是打造江苏沿海风电基地和新能源产业带的希望所在。本文分析了东沙风电场建设的条件,指出了风能资源开发的制约因素,在此基础上提出发展东沙风能产业带的构想。     

The Indian Challenge: The Evolution of a Successful New Global Strategy in the Pharmaceutical Industry

UK and European public policy has sought to encourage young biotechnology firms adopt American-inspired strategies. The venture-backed start-up associated with Silicon Valley and Route 128 in Boston, has been the preferred model. These policies have had limited success thus far. Indian companies are evolving indigenous business models that are achieving success within the pharmaceutical industry. Some Indian pharmaceutical firms, established initially as low cost suppliers, are investing in building innovative capabilities. This paper analyses the strategies and trajectories of a number of Indian pharmaceutical companies that are expanding successfully in Western markets. It assesses the local and international contextual factors that have underpinned the strategies and discusses relevant conceptual frameworks.     

英国从科技创新的视角评价战略性产业的做法及其启示

针对如何识别战略性产业这一理论与实践难题,通过实地访谈和文献调研的方法,深入分析了英国产业战略布局过程,了解到,英国在完整的战略性产业识别工作中,科技创新思想的引领作用主要体现在3个关键环节:通过创新能力与技术储备情况,考察产业基础;通过社会与技术因素驱动的未来需求,判断产业潜力;判断创新相关市场失灵问题的程度,确定政府干预的必要性。据此得出结论:在国民经济发展的整体规划中,科技创新的视角可对识别和评价战略性产业产生决定性作用。除理论意义外,以科技创新视角确立产业规划的英国经验亦可资我国产业政策实践借鉴。