组织交互渠道、关系质量及学习意愿对中国-东盟跨国公司技术转移绩效的影响

基于东盟子公司员工的中微观视角，通过问卷调查，采用PLS SEM结构方程模型，分析和检验中国-东盟跨国母公司与子公司间的交互渠道、关系质量、学习意愿3个因素对技术转移绩效的影响机理和路径。研究结果发现，在中国-东盟跨国公司内部，丰富和便捷的交互渠道对技术转移绩效具有显著直接正向影响，同时通过关系质量、学习意愿对技术转移绩效产生间接正向影响。关系质量不能直接促使技术转移绩效提升，但可以通过学习意愿的中介作用间接影响技术转移绩效。学习意愿对技术转移绩效具有显著直接正向影响。     

中国-东盟天然橡胶空问产业链构建分析

本文以我国与东盟天然橡胶供需互补为模式基础,结合双方的地缘、橡胶种植、加工技术,认为构建中国-东盟天然橡胶空间产业链时机成熟.通过对模式的估计,并分析了模式的运行效果与互补性评价,得出中国-东盟天然橡胶空间产业链可以促进东盟橡胶产业升级,又可以保证我国用胶安全.中国采取的天然橡胶迂回生产,与东盟展开天然橡胶合作,在技术、地理、市场等方面都可以体现出最佳的产业合作半径.最后本文提出政策建议,巩固中国-东盟天然橡胶空间产业链,提高整个区域天然橡胶盈利能力和国际竞争力.     

GATS与中国服务业开放

文章简要阐述了GATS关于其成员方开放服务贸易市场的义务的规定及相关的框架原则,后又基于我国服务企业总体缺乏国际竞争力的现实情况,提出了我国服务企业参与国际竞争在经营管理、技术研发、市场营销、人才保障等方面的战略思路。     

中国对东盟产业转移与母国产业升级研究

研究中国对东盟产业转移对母国产业升级的逆向作用，有利于调整我国产业转移的对策，提高我国对东南亚投资的质量。对此，本文分析 了中国对东盟产业转移对中国产业结构影响程度，并从政府和企业两个视角给出了提高我国对东盟投资质量的对策。     

跨国公司知识溢出、组织间学习与中国企业的管理创新:基于服务业的一个研究框架

在对企业国际化经营、知识管理、服务管理等领域的相关文献进行评述的基础上,构建了"知识溢出—组织间学习—管理创新"的分析框架,并对分析框架进行简要分析,探讨了跨国服务企业知识溢出、组织间学习与本土服务企业管理创新的互动关系。对于服务业跨国公司知识溢出和中国企业的管理创新问题,这一新框架承接了已有的研究成果,提出了新的研究方法,拓展了新的研究空间。     

国际服务外包新趋势与中国服务外包业发展

服务外包是国际产业分工不断深化的结果,也是服务业跨国转移的新方式,近年来发展迅速。该文分析了国际服务外包发展的新趋势和新特点,提出了促进中国服务外包业发展的对策思路。     

世界制造业转移与中国制造业面临的挑战

世界制造业从20世纪70年代开始,有规律地在国际间跨国转移。促使制造业跨国转移的因素有:区位优势、技术优势、价格优势、国家政策、社会压力等。从总的趋势看,制造业跨国转移是由发达国家向发展中国家转移,或由技术领先国向其他国家扩散。但是,世界制造业在跨国转移的不同历史时期,也表现出一些具体的差异性。中国制造业的发展面临多方面的挑战。为此,该文立足世界制造业全球化的现状与趋势,就中国制造业如何应对全球化提出建议与对策。     

CAFTA对中国农产品贸易影响及对策分析

中国一东盟自由贸易区的建立,对中国与东盟国家间农产品贸易产生了巨大的影响。通过对2005—2010年中国与东盟及其主要国家之间农产品进出口额的比较,分析了影响中国对东盟农产品进出口贸易的国际粮价波动与金融危机、汇率、劳动力价格和生产成本及政策与产业结构调整等方面的多种因素,并提出了为促进我国农业发展和农产品进出口贸易,在加强政府推动、促进技术研究和人才培养、建立农业标准化体系、发展农业支持性产业和推进人民币区域化等方面的对策建议。     

东盟自由贸易区人才需求趋势分析——基于多元回归分析的方法

本文依托相关的历史数据,先选取出影响东盟人才需求数量的变量,再运用计量经济学中多元回归分析的方法及EViews计量软件,对东盟人才需求的数量进行预测分析。然后,再通过总结东盟自由贸易区人才需求方面的内容,分析我国相应的面向东盟人才培养的现状并提出相关对策。     

跨国税源监控理论与管理框架构建

对跨国税源进行有效的监控是防范跨国税源流失的前提和保障,通过跨国投资理论的分析可以看出,跨国投资最终形成内部交易.内部转移定价有别于正常的市场交易价格.结合理论分析和实践总结,需要加强对跨国公司监控,要对转移定价、资本弱化、受控外国公司等内容进行监控,依靠人才配置、社会网络、信息和制度等保障措施才能保证监控落到实处,保证国家税收安全.     

Pleasure and belief in Hume's Decision Process

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to introduce explicitly pleasure and belief in what aims at being a Humean theory of decision, like the one developed in Diaye and Lapidus (2005a). Although we support the idea that Hume was in some way a hedonist – evidently different from Bentham's or Jevons' way – we lay emphasis less on continuity than on the specific kind of hedonism encountered in Hume's writings (chiefly the Treatise, the second Enquiry, the Dissertation, or some of his Essays). Such hedonism clearly contrasts to its standard modern inheritance, expressed by the relation between preferences and utility.

The reason for such a difference with the usual approach lies in the mental process that Hume puts to the fore in order to explain the way pleasure determines desires and volition. Whereas pleasure is primarily, in Hume's words, an impression of sensation, it takes place in the birth of passions as reflecting an idea of pleasure, whose “force and vivacity” is precisely a “belief”, transferred to the direct passions of desire or volition that come immediately before action. As a result, from a Humean point of view, “belief” deals with decision under risk or uncertainty, as well as with intertemporal decision and indiscrimination problems.

The latter are explored within a formal framework, and it is shown that the relation of pleasure is transformed by belief into a non-empty class of relations of desire, among which at least one is a preorder.     

Globalization,Neoliberalism and the attack on social security

Neoliberal political movements advocate privatization of public pension systems. Globalization imposes pressure on nations to conform to neoliberal policy views with respect to the design and structure of social insurance, including public pension systems. The paper begins with an investigation of the economic, ethical and ideological dimensions of the privatization debates in the U.S.; it argues that privatization advocates may be largely moved by ideology, since the other reasons advanced appear weak or unfounded. The second part discusses the history of Social Security, the purposes for its creation, and some of its economic effects. Differences between public and private pension systems are considered. A brief international comparison of some aspects of public pension system finance and benefit structures is presented. The final section considers the ethical, macroeconomic and distributional implications of privatization, prefunding and payroll tax funding, and argues for a pay as you go system financed with income taxes. In order to promote equity, economic security, community, and social cohesion, public pension systems should be universal in coverage. In order to reduce the inequality, income insecurity, and aged poverty generated by market economies, public pension systems ought to be progressive: benefit/contribution ratios should be inversely proportional to income, and progressive income taxes should finance the system. To promote economic growth, the systems should be financed on a pay-as-you-go basis, and should not be prefunded except for an emergency reserve. The fiscal policy recommendations partially depend upon the theory developed by Abba Lerner in the 1940s, and recently advanced by Wynne Godley and Randy Wray: Lerner's “principle of functional finance.”     

Interest on reserves and inflation

The payment of interest on reserves has been a common practice in inflationary economies. This policy may seem paradoxical since it involves returning part of the seigniorage, generated by the inflation process, with the intention to finance the fiscal deficit. This paper argues that the motivation for this policy can be captured by the discretionary regime, where the policymaker pays interest on reserves because he is concerned with the erosion of real liquidity by inflation, which is in part beyond his control. However, this policy is an unlikely outcome in the commitment regime, where the policymaker is in full control of inflation.     

Bayesian estimation of duration models: An application of the multiperiod probit model

The multiperiod probit model is presented and Bayesian estimation using the Gibbs sampler with data augmentation is described. As an empirical illustration, the multiperiod probit model is then used to estimate a duration model using employment duration data for the Canadian province of New Brunswick. Bayesian estimation with unobserved heterogeneity is shown to be a simple extension of estimation of a duration model with no unobserved heterogeneity. More importantly, perhaps, some numerical problems encountered by other authors using Maximum Likelihood are avoided.I would like to thank M. Baker, G. Koop, A. Melino and D. Poirier for helpful comments and discussions. I would also like to thank M. Baker for providing his data.     

Scenarios and creativity: Thinking in new boxes

To be creative and make change happen, leaders must do more than simply ‘think outside the box’, as the traditional business manuals suggest, using the popular American expression. After all, the space outside the box is infinitely expansive. Moreover, there can be no guarantee that a solution to the problem will be found. The answer: ‘Think in new boxes.’ This requires developing the right new box; in other words, useful new models, a helpful new approach to a problem. That is the real art of practical creativity. This short article outlines the approach (Thinking in New Boxes) and its application to classic scenario planning with a few examples. The authors also present the ‘Expressway to Scenarios’, an approach that wins in impact and practicality what it loses in deep analysis, by having top executives involved in key steps.     

On the Role of Paradigms in Understanding Economic Globalization

Any adequate analysis of economic globalization necessarily requires fundamental understanding of the worldviews underlying the views expressed with respect to the nature and role of economic globalization. This paper is based on the premise that any worldview can be associated with one of the four basic paradigms: functionalist, interpretive, radical humanist, and radical structuralist. It argues that any view expressed with respect to economic globalization is based on one of the four paradigms or worldviews. It, therefore, discusses four views with respect to the nature and role of economic globalization which correspond to the four broad worldviews. The paper emphasizes that the four views expressed are equally scientific and informative; they look at the nature and role of economic globalization from a certain paradigmatic viewpoint. Emphasizing this example in the area of economic globalization, the paper concludes that there are opportunities for each paradigm to benefit from contributions coming from the other three paradigms.     

A Humean theory of choice of which rationality may be one consequence

For the reader who considers economic theory of choice as a special case of a more general theory of action, Hume's discussion of the determinants of action in the Treatise of Human Nature (1739?–?40), in the Enquiry on Human Understanding (1748) and in the Dissertation on Passions (1757) deserves attention. However, according to some modern commentators, Hume does not seem to have given any evidence that would favour what nowadays we would consider as the kind of rationality involved in modern theories of rational choice. On the contrary, this paper arrives at the conclusion that consistency between preferences and choice, like the usual properties of completeness and transitivity, may be considered as outcomes of a mental process, described by means of a decision algorithm that aims to represent Hume's theory of choice.     

The concept of freedom and its relation to economic development--a critical appreciation of the work of Amartya Sen

Following a brief review of the conception of freedom as employedin economic discourse, this paper focuses on the evolution ofthe concept of freedom in the work of Amartya Sen. It tracesthe development of Sen's thought from the capability analysisof the late 1970s to his more recent separation of freedom intoits opportunity and process aspects. While broadly appreciativeof Sen's development of the concept of positive freedom, thepaper identifies some difficulties arising from his definitionof capability as a set of options as well as from his separationof the opportunity and process aspects of freedom. Aspects ofthe relationship between Sen's conception of freedom and thatof Marx are discussed briefly in the context of Sen's recentdiscussion of the market as a source of freedom.     

How chaebol restructuring after the 1997 crisis has affected corporate decision and performance in Korea: debt financing,ownership structure,and investment

ABSTRACT

Korean chaebol firms, characterized by excessive debt financing and overinvestment, experienced restructuring after the 1997 crisis. By reducing debt financing and thus overinvestment, they tried to reorganize financing structure and ownership structure. Chaebols’ debt reduction turns out to have improved performance. However, polarization between chaebol and non-chaebol firms has become more significant. Even after the crisis, firms that give higher cash flows to a controlling shareholder take more capital investment, indicating that agency problems still exist within chaebols. Chaebol-affiliated firms continue to be more active in R&D than non-chaebol firms. However, the pattern is limited to the group of top 10 chaebols after the crisis.

Abbreviations: KFTC: Korea Fair Trade Commission     

Types of technology

Technology is a concept rife with confusion. Here, I argue that technologies can be distinguished as a combination of type of producer and an idealized artefact life history. Using this definition, a number of technologies are identified. The first technology historically, in the Protostomes, was the production of individual or family dwellings. Next came objects such as spider webs for trapping prey. Stigmergy followed, with the social insects, as a collective endeavour to construct a mega-structure using simple rules of accretion. Some birds and primates began to make tools, or simple technological objects whose function is closely related to their form. Humans are distinguished by their ability to make machines. Traditional technology took place once people voluntarily organised into groups with specialised knowledge to produce more complex objects and structures. Monumental objects like ceremonial pyramids came with the command economies of the early agrarian societies, which also resulted in a new category of artefact, the network. Finally, with modern civilizations came ad hoc accretion, or population-level adding-on, to make truly complex technological systems. Developing a theoretical framework within which artefacts, production processes and ways of interacting with them are identified should help the study of technology to become more scientific.