马克思所有制实现形式理论及其现实意义

马克思所有制实现形式理论是所有制理论的一个重要组成部分。马克思提出了所有权实现形式的概念和所有制实现形式、公有制实现形式的思想;通过所有制是一个历史范畴的论述说明所有制实现形式是具体占有形式;从劳动者和劳动条件统一和分离的角度概括所有制实现形式可以多样化;提出社会主义公有制的两种具体形式,启示我们公有制实现形式是动态的,不是静止的。研究学习马克思所有制实现形式理论有利于澄清理论混乱,推进所有制结构高速和国企改革。     

低碳经济下的制造业发展

低碳经济要求在实现经济增长的同时,达到一定的能源和环境要求,实现经济、能源和环境的统一.在经济发展方面实现一定的GDP的增长速度,实现充分就业,同时通过能源效率的提高及新能源的开发实现能源的安全,以及通过减少温室气体排放和污染实现环境的安全.在能源和环境的约束下,实现经济的最大化利益,这就是低碳经济的内涵和要求.     

论影响刑罚个别化实现的四个条件

理论、制度、技术和主体是影响和制约刑罚个别化实现的四个条件.理论是刑罚个别化实现的先导,制度是刑罚个别化实现的保障,技术是刑罚个别化实现的支撑,主体是刑罚个别化实现的承担者.     

公有制实现形式理论的两次重大历史性创新

中共十五大报告第一次系统阐述了社会主义公有制实现形式多样化理论,十六届三中全会第一次明确提出把股份制作为公有制的主要实现形式,从而在理论上和政策上第一次彻底实现了我国社会主义公有制实现形式的“两个根本转变”：公有制实现形式由“二元”模式转变为“多样化”模式,公有制主要实现形式由国有制转变为股份制。这是我党在社会主义公有制实现形式理论上成熟的重要标志,是对马克思主义所有制实现形式理论的继承、发展和重大创新。     

马克思的资本主义私有制实现形式理论与国有企业改革思路

马克思虽然没有使用所有制实现形式这个概念，但是研究了资本主义私有制的资本组织和经营方式，实际上提出了资本主义私有制可以有多种实现形式的理论。公有制多种实现形式中，一些实现形式的公有制能与市场经济相容，另一些实现形式的公有制不能与市场经济相容。国家所有制改革的实质是寻找能与市场经济相容的实现形式。     

马克思恩格斯所有制实现形式问题研究的基本方法

马克思和恩格斯在生产力和生产关系的辩证运动中研究了所有制实现形式的概念和分类、所有制实现形式的特性、所有制实现形式与所有制本质的关系、所有制实现形式变换和更替的规律等关于所有制实现形式的一系列基本问题 ,生产力和生产关系的基本原理是马克思和恩格斯考察和研究所有制实现形式问题的基本方法。     

论社会主义公有制的实现形式

<正> 生产资料所有制是生产关系的基础。每种所有制都有自己的实现形式。探讨社会主义公有制实现形式,是深化改革的重要内容。从当前学术界研究的情况看,存在着几个值得注意的问题。一是把公有制本质与公有制实现形式混为一谈,认为公有制实现形式的变化必然导致公有制本质的变化;二是把公有制实现形式凝固化,认为不仅公有制的本质不能改变,而且实现形式也不能改变;三是把公有制实现形式单一化,认为公有制只能有一种实现形式;四是     

企业财务管理的现状及对策

财务管理受经济体制所决定。社会主义市场经济以前，企业总结财务成果，从实现利润降为实现利税，从总结实现利税降为实现税费，从总结实现税费降为解决多少社会就业等过程。文章简要分析了财务管理现状产生的原因并提出有关对策。     

企业财务管理的现状及对策

财务管理受经济体制所决定.社会主义市场经济以前,企业总结财务成果,从实现利润降为实现利税,从总结实现利税降为实现税费,从总结实现税费降为解决多少社会就业等过程.文章简要分析了财务管理现状产生的原因并提出有关对策.     

试论加强农业基础地位，实现农民增收和农业增产

现代农业发展,并实现现代化是中国人民的百年梦想,也是自近代以来社会变迁的主题。只有实现了农业现代化建设,才能实现农村经济发展和农民增收的愿望,也才能更好地实现我国的现代化建设。而实现农业现代化的前提是实现农业结构调整和农民增收。因此,大力调整农村经济结构,努力使农民增产增收是我们长期不懈的工作之一。     

21世纪高师中国经济地理课程教材建设探讨

回顾了我国高师中国经济地理统编教材的建设历程,探讨了修订四版教材的特点以及探讨建设过程中存在的主要问题,结合素质教育和高校教学改革趋向,提出了21世纪中国经济地理教材内容体系创新的基本原则。     

我国政府干预下的市场壁垒对产业绩效的影响

转轨阶段,与西方发达市场经济不同,我国很多产业的市场壁垒呈现出较浓厚的政府干预和管制色彩。本文根据国有及国有控股产业的产值比重,对37个工业产业的市场结构进行了划分,将利润率指标和生产率指标结合起来反映产业绩效,同时,通过对不同市场结构产业的进入壁垒高度的总体判断,得到对政府干预、市场壁垒与产业绩效关系的判断。针对实证分析得出的结论,本文从制度建设出发,尝试为我国产业组织政策提出一些参考性的建议。     

CORRUPTION AND THE ANTI-CORRUPTION MOVEMENT: THE MODELLING AND ANALYSIS OF THE SITUATION IN CHINA*

In this paper the author offers an explanation for the increasing extent of China's corruption problem during the past several years. A mathematical model is constructed, in which the conflicts among three groups of the Chinese population in the anti-corruption movement are modelled as a two person game. The existence of Nash equilibrium is discussed. It is pointed out that the corruption level may increase as the GNP grows, as long as the majority of the people continue to be strategically passive. While the focus of this paper is on China's present situation, the author believes that this method of modelling and of analysis is also applicable to some other autocratic countries in the world.     

会展旅游的理论及其案例研究

会展旅游正在迅猛发展，它具有独特的发展模式、很强的联动—倍增效应以及专题化程度要求高等特点。河南省的会展旅游处于起步阶段，有很多有利条件，但存在着一些问题。具有区位条件优越、交通便利；旅游资源丰富；商贸发达等发展会展旅游的有利条件。只要采取得力措施，河南会展旅游的前景是非常光明的。     

经济后进区人力资源与城镇化发展探讨——以陕西北缘六县市为例

本文从陕西北缘六县市人力资源现状入手，运用经济学方法深入探讨该区人力资源与城镇化的内在机制，具体从以下三方面分析该区人力资源与城镇化发展的关系：（1）人口增长方式的转移；(2)流动人口的影响；（3）人力资源管理，以实现该区人口，经济与城镇化的协调发展。     

贵州省梵净山地区旅游资源开发设想

贵州省梵净山地区具有丰富的自然资源和具有极高的旅游开发价值的自然景观和人文景观。丰富的动植物资源,加上峰怪石奇,沟深壑险,急流险滩十分适合生态旅游。本文通过对该地区资源特征及机遇的分析,提出了发展当地旅游业的一些设想以及发展旅游业过程中应采取的一些保护措施。     

THE UNITED NATIONS SYSTEM OF NATIONAL ACCOUNTS IN THE MIDDLE EAST

After an introduction setting out the general state of work on the national accounts in the Middle East the author considers the principal uses of national accounts statistics in less developed countries. The first group of uses discussed is in connexion with the measurement of growth and the making of international comparisons. The author is of the opinion that in many cases the primary statistical series are so weak that the fact they they are combined together into a series called national income or gross domestic product lends to them a significance which they do not really possess. The real problem is to improve the quality of the primary series. A second use of national accounts statistics is in connexion with fiscal and budgetary policy. In the statistically advanced countries this is one of the most important uses but in the less developed countries budgetary policy has not yet reached a level of sophistication which would call for the use of national accounts data. Moreover, the time factor involved in assembling accurate national accounts estimates militates against their effective use for short term forecasting. The author considers that the most important use for national accounts statistics is to provide a framework for development planning. The United Nations system is not altogether appropriate for this purpose. It grew up primarily as a system for recording income flows but in development planning one is concerned equally with commodity flows with a great deal of attention being focussed upon intermediate products. The proposals of the working group of African Statisticians for an adaptation of the S.N.A. to African countries represents a most important advance in this respect. In the final section of the paper the author advocates a broader definition of capital formation to include developmental expenditure which is not properly defined as fixed capital formation. Education expenditure is cited as an example. It is suggested that in the national accounts it would be desirable to operate with gross concepts. However, the growth of the capital stock is obviously important in less developed countries and it is suggested that statistical techniques be devised to measure it directly wherever possible. Finally, attention is drawn to the ambiguities and weaknesses in the concept of residence as used at present in the S.N.A.     

学习贯彻十六届五中全会精神推进我国行政区划体制改革健康发展

文章对中国政区制度变革进行了简要回顾与反思,以《中共中央关于制定国民经济和社会发展第十一个五年规划的建议》的精神为指导,就我国行政区划改革的原则和方向提出了见解。认为减少层次、合理幅度、规范功能是我国政区改革的总方向;中国的政区制度应当回归《宪法》确立的省县主体结构;从中国的国情出发,建立城市政区新模式与新的城市制度体系是近期政区改革的重点;当前要严防出现新一轮的“扩区热”。     

THE SIZE DISTRIBUTION OF INCOME: AN INTERNATIONAL COMPARISON

This paper collects and extends the available data on size distribution of income by country, and then uses these data to develop an hypothesis about the relation of stage and mode of development to the distribution of income. In particular, the author attributes the increase in income inequality which often occurs in the early stages of economic development to the uneven spread of capitalist modes of production, which leads to a dualism which separates the capitalist sector from the rest of the economy. The author goes on to discuss the role of this dualism in increasing the inequalities existing in the society. Finally, the author contrasts the income distributions found in socialist countries with those of capitalist ones, and concludes that it is not economic growth per se , but rather the capitalist mode of production, which creates income inequalities in developing countries.     

THE TREATMENT OF STOCK APPRECIATION IN THE MEASUREMENT OF NATIONAL INCOME*

In the latest official national income publication the Australian Commonwealth Statistician has altered the treatment of stock appreciation in the measurement of national income at current prices. Previously, stock appreciation had been included in both national expenditure and national product. Now the amount of stock appreciation (the difference between the change in the value of stocks and the value of the change in stocks) has been deducted from investment in stocks, and consequently national expenditure, and from trading incomes, and consequently national income. The former procedure (including stock appreciation in national expenditure and national product) had been advocated by the present author, when editor of the first official national income publications issued by the Commonwealth Statistician. In this note an attempt is made to set out the reasons for this view. A new approach is also suggested for handling the item of stock appreciation in national income accounts, which does not rest on the assumption that stock appreciation is a capital gain which should be excluded from trading incomes and national product.