关于完善企业征信法律制度的探讨

一、企业信用危机的突破口——建立完善的企业征信制度 1．我国企业领域中的信用缺失及其危害。信用是市场经济的基石，是社会合作的前提和基础。在现代市场经济中，信用作为买卖双方交易完成的根本保障之一，构成了契约关系最重要的基础。随着信用关系的成熟和发展，当前企业间交易方式已经从以现金方式为主，向以信用方式为主过渡。在发达的市场经济国家中，     

不对称信息、不完全契约与中国的信用制度建设

本文对我国信用的信息经济学和制度经济学的分析表明，我国经济转轨时期信用关系的扭曲和普遍的道德风险行为，主要来自信用市场的信息不对称和信用契约的不完全，而其根源是不合理的信用制度安排和不健全的法治体系。在此基础上，本文提出了改善我国目前信用关系的制度安排和政策性建议。     

制度经济学的解释:行业协会在政府信用建设中的作用

制度是建立政府信用的途径,行业协会作为一种为节约交易成本而达成的契约组织,是一种有效促进政府信用建设的制度安排,它的产生和制衡使政府具有建立自身信用的动机。“囚徒困境”的信用模型分析阐明了重复博弈是走出信用建设博弈困境的根本出路。现阶段政府要构建其与行业协会之间的信任关系,必须按“重复博弈”的要求对信用建设进行新的制度安排。     

建立我国个人信用制度有关问题的探讨

信用——简单说就是建立在诚实、可信基础上的心理承诺与契约实践相结合的意志和能力。而个人信用制度则是在处理个人与个人、个人与企业、个人与信贷机构、个人与政府之间信用关系中形成的一系列规范、制度、体系的总称,是社会信用体系的重要组成部分。     

论企业信用制度建设

市场经济是建立在契约基础上的信用经济，作为市场主体的企业缺失信用，市场经济就失去了根基。当前我国企业拖欠、坑骗、制假和违约等信用缺失现象严重，破坏了市场正常秩序，制约了经济增长，阻碍了社会进步。因此，建立完善的企业信用制度，创造公平的竞争环境，已成为我国经济生活中的一件大事。     

中美信用制度建设的比较和建议

市场经济是契约经济，契约产生预期效果的基础是信用，信用产品是维系市场经济正常运行的特效商品。我国现在处于计划经济向市场经济的转型时期，还存在信用的缺失。本文通过对中国和美国信用体系的比较，并借鉴美国信用体系的优点，得出了如何加快我国建立信用体系的建议。     

基于委托代理理论的信用违约互换最优契约模型分析

本文阐述了信用风险互换及其委托代理关系．分析了信息不对称下引起信用违约互换道德风险问题，运用委托代理理论建立了相应的信用违约互换契约分析模型．对道德风险下的最优信用违约契约性质进行研究．并提出了解决道德风险、优化信用违约互换的激励机制．确保信用违约互换在我国的健康发展。     

浅析诚信危机

一、消除诚信危机的必要性 诚信是社会发展的基础。良好的信用关系,是整个社会正常发展和国民经济健康运行的保障。 从个人角度讲,人与人之间的社会关系是一种无形契约关系,这种契约关系的恒定持续存在是建立在诚信的基础上,毁坏了信用,就破坏了这种契约关系的根基。当失信风气扩展到整个社会的时候,便会使社会陷入一种紊乱、无序状态。     

声誉机制

在企业组织的形成过程中,除了有形的、法定的或外现的契约关系外,还存在无形的、非正规的或内隐的契约关系,这种契约关系对于企业制度激励的有效性具有特殊重要的意义。而企业作为一种不同于一般市场契约的特别“不完全”合约,其特别之处恰在于此:正是由于存在大量无形的、非正规的或内隐的契约关系,才使企业合约具有特殊的“不完全性”。 内隐契约之所以能够实际形成并发挥防范“机会主义”、降低“代理成本”的重要作用,主要原因是存在一种“声誉”激励机制。关于“声誉”(Reputation)的精神激励作用,管理学家、     

论我国地方政府信用危机

信用政府是民主国家和法治国家的必然要求,也是高效廉洁的基本前提。我国信用政府的建设无论是基本制度,还是具体体制都有待完善。本文认为提高政府信用等级的关键在于建立契约行政,完善责任政府机制。     

我国房地产税制的现状及改革构想

房地产税制是维护房地产市场公平竞争，实现国家对房地产业宏观调控的有力杠杆。然而，我国现行的房地产税制却存在税费不分、税制不统一、税制结构不合理等诸多问题。严重影响了其对房地产业应有的宏观调控作用。因此，适时地推进房地产税制的改革应是当务之急，应统一内外税制，合理界定税费的范围，建立统一、规范、合理的房地产税收体系。     

The Change in Productive Efficiency in Telecommunications in the United States

The question addressed here is whether the adoption of incentive regulation, which has become an important regulatory tool in the telecommunications industry in the USA, has resulted in a change in the technical efficiency of local exchange carriers in the USA. After providing an overview of the nature of incentive regulation, a methodology for measuring technical efficiency and its change is introduced. This is a multiple-output/multiple-input distance function approach to measuring technical efficiency. The results of implementing this approach for 19 local exchange carriers for the 1988–2001 period indicate that in the production of local service, intrastate toll/access service, and interstate access to local loops, there was no change in technical efficiency between the 1988–1990 period and the 1991–2001 period, something that incentive regulation was specifically designed to promote.     

Payment Systems in Countries in Transition

MOCT-MOST: Economic Policy in Transitional Economies -     

The Change in Productive Efficiency in Telecommunications in the United States

The question addressed here is whether the adoption of incentive regulation, which has become an important regulatory tool in the telecommunications industry in the USA, has resulted in a change in the technical efficiency of local exchange carriers in the USA. After providing an overview of the nature of incentive regulation, a methodology for measuring technical efficiency and its change is introduced. This is a multiple-output/multiple-input distance function approach to measuring technical efficiency. The results of implementing this approach for 19 local exchange carriers for the 1988-2001 period indicate that in the production of local service, intrastate toll/access service, and interstate access to local loops, there was no change in technical efficiency between the 1988-1990 period and the 1991- 2001 period, something that incentive regulation was specifically designed to promote.     

西部地区人力资本投资与知识化发展

人力资本投资在推动知识化发展的过程中存在自增强机制，通过促进人力资本保值增值，进行人力资源合理配置，改善配置环境和配置政策、完善配套措施，有助于充分发挥这一机制的功能，从而实现西部地区知识化发展。     

Inequalities in Income Distribution in Slovenia

This article presents an empirical analysis of income distribution based on income tax data for Slovenia in 1991-2000. It presents evidence of rising inequalities in income distribution (gross income, gross wages and pensions). These results are supported by coefficients of variation, Gini coefficients and by the Lorenz curves. Inequalities increased rapidly in the 1991 to 1993 period. After a significant decrease in 1994 and a steady increase from 1995 to 2000, the peak value from 1993 was not surpassed. Atkinson's requirements for dominance comparisons are not violated. Inequalities are also present in the distribution of the benefits of economic growth among income groups.     

Age Discrimination in Employment in Canada

Issues pertaining to age discrimination in employment in Canada are analyzed with a view toward highlighting lessons that may be learned from the Canadian experience—an experience that is taking on increased policy importance. Reasons for the increased attention to age discrimination issues are outlined, followed by a portrayal of the age discrimination legislation and court interpretations in Canada, especially as they pertain to mandatory retirement. Enforcement aspects are discussed, as is the evidence on age discrimination in employment and the effectiveness of legislation with respect to age discrimination and mandatory retirement. The article concludes with a discussion of the lessons to be learned from the Canadian experience, especially with respect to the poorly understood but complicated relationship between age discrimination and mandatory retirement. Policy recommendations for strengthening age discrimination legislation are also outlined. (JEL J14 , J24 , J71 )     

上海生态农业发展影响因素研究

文章分析了上海生态农业发展的影响因素,并利用计量模型进行检验,认为影响上海生态农业发展的主要因素有农业基础设施、农业劳动力资源、农业产业化水平、农业科技实力状况。