企业诚信意识与思想政治工作调研及对策思考

在对福建省企业诚信意识与思想政治工作调研的基础上,提出构建可操作的“三层次四模块”诚信意识培育新模式,推进人本化管理理念的渗透,加强人文关怀和心理疏导,以实现思想政治工作诚信意识培育的目标。     

科学技术与人权

科学技术能够极大地提高人的生存权和发展权。但当它一旦误用和滥用,会给人的生命权和健康权产生致命威胁,损害人们的人格权和隐私权,也可能对人的社会权利造成重大损害。因此,必须运用法律手段,有效监控和防范科技对人类的负面影响;提高政治家和科学家的人权意识;迅速建立对新技术的技术监测﹑早期识别以及警报系统。     

制度、创新与欠优势地区的经济复兴

创新和经济地理这两个迄今不同学科之间日益增强的融合趋势具有潜在的理论影响。通过“知识区域”这一角度，本文考察了两门学科的融合对理论研究和政策制定的意义。并利用进化政治经济学的研究成果，揭示了交互式创新模式在区域发展中的重要作用。在此，作者通过对新的欧洲区域发展政策的考察，并结合威尔士地区创新实施规划的案例研究，分析了这种交互式创新模式的政策意义。最后，文章对这一发展战略的实施效果进行了批评性的评估。     

中国经济的内外均衡与财税改革

我国经常项目持续的大规模顺差,给国民经济的健康发展带来一系列的不利影响。在前人研究的基础上,通过对各种影响因素进行分类拆解,本文试图从理论和实证角度说明长期的储蓄-消费失衡是造成我国贸易顺差的一个重要原因,而其背后的根本原因是由于企业可支配收入相对于劳动者报酬不断提高带来的收入结构和储蓄结构失衡。我国当前企业未分配收入大幅增长的原因可以归结为企业利润率"虚高"和国企"不分红"问题。只有从体制上解决这个问题,才能使储蓄降低到适当的水平,通过拉动内需消除我国过大的贸易顺差,从根本上解决内外经济比例失衡问题。     

规制、腐败与规制改革

文章对政府规制与腐败的因果关系进行了深入的分析,指出规制具有限制市场竞争的特点,而市场竞争被抑制的领域必然会产生经济租,经济租诱发寻租活动,对规制权力监管的缺陷导致腐败行为的发生。在此基础上,文章提出了有效减少腐败的规制改革方案。     

Mental Health and Wellbeing and Unemployment

This article examines the relationship between mental health and wellbeing and unemployment utilising the 1995 National Health Survey (1995 NHS) and the 1997 National Survey of Mental Health and Wellbeing of Adults (1997 SMHWB) data sets. Three indicators of mental health and wellbeing are adopted. The first is a psychological wellbeing measure derived from responses to questions included in the 1995 NHS on time felt down, happy, peaceful, and nervous (the SF-36 mental health scale). The second indicator relates to diagnoses of mental disorders including substance use disorders, affective disorders and anxiety disorders. Our final indicator relates to suicidal thoughts and plans and (unsuccessful) suicide attempts. On the basis of these measures, unemployed persons exhibit poorer mental health and wellbeing outcomes than the full-time employed.     

Classical and Neoclassical harmonies and dissonances

Abstract

Proofs are given that only singularly can real 1750 – 2007 competitive price ratios be ‘natural', in the sense of being invariant under changes in demand tastes. Proofs are given that both 1750 – 1870 discrete technologies or 1890 – 2007 continuum technologies, with convexity properties sufficient for arbitrage-proof supply-demand equilibria, will be ‘intertemporally Pareto optimal', immune to leaving any deadweight (inefficient) losses on the table. Sraffa (1960), ignoring the vast post-1945 linear and non-linear programming mathematical literature of Danzig, Kuhn-Tucker-Bellman, von Neumann, Ramsey literature does not quite arrive at attainable distribution solutions. Where it tolerates increasing or decreasing returns to scale, there can be no competitive equilibria. When its matrix equations do obey first-degree-homogeneous functions, the book's stress on Basics or non-Basics is an irrelevancy leading to bizarre novel interpretations of Ricardo.

Old age overtakes us all. Alas, Sraffs's proposed critique of twentieth century political economy we will never be able to know.     

Foreign Trade of Manufactures and Men and Women’s Employment and Earnings in Germany and Japan

Using factor content analysis, this paper provides estimates of the effects of manufacturing trade expansion on men and women's employment in Germany and Japan, with breakdowns by world, OECD, and non-OECD trade. Evidence is found that foreign trade expansion had a more negative effect on women's than men's manufacturing employment in Japan and a roughly equal effect in Germany, with the difference between the countries driven by non-OECD trade. In spite of this, demand shifted away from women's manufacturing employment in Germany after the early-1970s, for both the manufacturing sector as a whole and for manufacturing industries with high female shares of employment, while no such labor demand shifts occurred in Japan. In the face of these differences in labor demand and of very similar increases in female labor supply, male-female hourly wage differences narrowed in Germany and widened in Japan, for both manufacturing and non-agricultural employees. It is concluded that shifts in neither labor supply nor labor demand fit with observed trends of male-female wage differences in Germany and Japan.     

中德经贸关系的现状与特点

多年来德国是中国在欧洲最重要的经济、贸易合作伙伴,中国则从2002年起是德国的第二大出口国,中德经贸关系的良好发展对中国和欧盟经贸关系的稳定起着至关重要的作用。本文首先分析了中德经贸关系的现状和特点,其次分析了中德经贸关系发展中的不利因素,最后对中德经贸关系进一步发展提出了一些建议。     

美国、日本产业政策:比较分析与启示

现阶段,在吸取美国、日本经验的基础上,我国产业结构调整应主要依靠市场机制进行调节,同时辅之以宏观政策,尽快使我国的产业结构优化,即产业结构的合理化、高级化。     

创新创业与税收关系的国内外相关研究

从创新创业与税收政策、创新创业与税收征管这两个方面的关系出发,对国内外相关研究进行梳理,提炼出研究结论,并找出不足。文章认为,在创新创业与税收关系的研究方面,目前最亟需的是分类研究,而非整体性研究,即:将创新创业企业按照行业、规模、所处区域、生命周期等维度进行分类,对每一类创新创业企业与税收的关系进行研究,并在此基础上,提出对各类企业税收政策方面的改进意见。最后,以此类研究为基础,再系统地提出改进现行税收体系以促进不同行业、不同规模、不同区域、不同生命周期企业进行创新创业的综合性建议。     

Return and volatility transmission between oil prices and oil-exporting and oil-importing countries

This paper provides further evidence of the comovements and dynamic volatility spillovers between stock markets and oil prices for a sample of five oil-importing countries (USA, Italy, Germany, Netherland and France) and four oil-exporting countries (United Arab Emirates, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia and Venezuela). We make use of a multivariate GJR-DCC-GARCH approach developed by Glosten et al. (1993). The results show that: i) dynamic correlations do not differ for oil-importing and oil-exporting economies; ii) cross-market comovements as measured by conditional correlation coefficients increase positively in response to significant aggregate demand (precautionary demand) and oil price shocks due to global business cycle fluctuations or world turmoil; iii) oil prices exhibit positive correlation with stock markets; and iv) oil assets are not a good ‘safe haven’ for protection against stock market losses during periods of turmoil.     

后发优势、劣势与跨越式发展

发展中国家在经济发展中存在资本、技术、人口、制度、管理、竞争等方面的后发劣势，拥有技术引进、制度创新、结构变动、规模扩张、人力资源等方面的后发优势。经济知识化、信息化、全球化使后发优势和劣势发生变化，既提供了新的机遇和有利条件，又弱化了技术引进和规模扩张的后发优势。中国只有采取各种有效措施，发挥优势、克服劣势，才有可能实现生产力的跨越式发展。     

森林资源规划设计调查总结与反思

森林资源规划设计调查是为国家、地区及森林经营单位制定林业方针政策,编制林业区划、规划、计划,指导林业生产而提供基础资源数据,为实现森林资源合理经营、科学管理、永续利用、持续发展,充分发挥森林生态效益、经济效益、社会效益服务。森林资源调查的任务是全面查清森林资源数量、质量变化及其消长变化状况、规律,进行综合分析和评价,准确提供所需有关森林资源调查成果资料。基于森林资源二类调查的重要性和今后调查工作顺利开展的需要,调查之后的总结与反思尤为重要。     

科技政策与产业政策的协同整合

随着资源环境要素制约的加剧,经济增长必须转到依靠技术进步的轨道上来。如何实现科技政策与产业政策的协同整合,成为经济发展的重要议题。从科技政策与产业政策的关系出发,提出了产业政策与科技政策的结合点主要集中在产业技术政策领域,科技政策通过产业技术政策服务于产业政策。     

Homogeneity and Heterogeneity Within and Across Boundaries and Shorelines: Ensemble of Darwin's Finches and Human Transaction Types

Synopsis: In the most famous example of the biological process of adaptive radiation, two forces explain the fourteen distinct species of Darwin's finches on the Galápagos and Cocos Islands: First, populations adapt to their respective distinct ecological environments. Second, previously separated populations come in contact and may adapt to mitigate inter-species competition. The result is a complex pattern of homogeneity and heterogeneity among the birds, both on a single island and across islands. This pattern reflects the finches' adaptations both to the distinct ecological conditions created by the visible shorelines that separate the islands' niches and to the finches' own less-visible cultural and societal shorelines. The New Institutional Economics highlights the fact that human institutional infrastructures also exhibit complex homogeneities and heterogeneities, as we adapt those infrastructures to accomplish the tasks at hand in distinct geographic and societal contexts. Mixes of both state enforcement and self-enforcement, through inter-temporal, inter-issue, and inter-actor linkages, provide support and enforcement for transactions; and those mixes differ across transactions and across states. When transactions occur across state or cultural shorelines, institutional infrastructures must be flexible enough to accommodate those differences, without allowing the differences to become disguised protectionism or barriers to competition. These issues contribute to many of the regulatory disputes associated with ‘globalization’. We briefly consider two concrete recent examples: (1) the European Union–United States ‘Safe Harbor’ Agreement that regulates firms' policies toward Internet-data privacy; and (2) international trade policy negotiations over regulation of ‘geographical indications’ (for example, Champagne or Roquefort) as means of assuring product quality for processed foods. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

中小企业财务管理存在的问题及其对策

我国中小企业在促进我国经济增长和社会稳定等方面发挥了突出作用.但是,由于中小企业内部环境和外部环境因素的影响,使其在激烈的市场竞争中面临巨大的困难,在财务管理上表现为:权力高度集中;财务信息及时性差;信用观念淡薄;缺乏明确的产业发展方向等现象.企业应采用现代企业制度;不断更新理财观念;实现财务信息适时监控;明确产业专业化之路;树立人本化理财观念,协调好各种利益关系等措施.