刘易斯模型及相关争论的评析

自1954年刘易斯发表其经典论文以来,围绕该文及其模型在一些基本而又核心的问题上都有很多争论。本文以刘易斯文本为依据,主要对刘易斯模型中两个部门划分、劳动力剩余与生存工资、古典主义方法论及模型中的福利问题等这些基本问题及相关争论进行了评介;并对基于刘易斯模型的发展,尤其费-拉模型的主要贡献进行了评论,在厘清他们之间的联系的同时,也对长期以来存在的一些误解作了纠正。     

上级发展性反馈对员工创新行为影响研究

构建了上级发展性反馈、工作投入、核心自我评价与下属创新行为之间的关系模型,并通过多元线性回归对模型进行实证检验。结果表明：上级发展性反馈对下属工作投入和创新行为具有显著正向影响。下属核心自我评价调节上级发展性反馈与下属工作投入和创新行为之间的关系。下属工作投入部分中介上级发展性反馈对员工创新行为的影响,并且中介其核心自我评价在上级发展性反馈与创新行为关系中的调节作用。     

Robert A. Mundell: A Profile

This essay is a short introduction to the work of Robert A. Mundell, winner of the Nobel Prize for Economics in 1999. It is a contribution to a special issue of Review of International Economics .     

The structure of Walras's mature model of capital goods markets

This essay examines the capital goods markets in the comprehensive model that Léon Walras constructed during the mature period of his theoretical work. the essay answers fundamental questions about the participants and market institutions in his model; the monetary or nonmonetary nature of the model; his assumptions about the nature of capital goods; his definitions of the rate of interest and the rate of net income and their functions in his model; and the roles in his model of the Bourse, the loan market and the rental market for capital goods.     

保险公司不动产最优投资策略研究*

本文研究了保险公司投资不动产时的最优投资策略问题。本文假设保险公司的风险过程为经典Cramer Lundeberg模型。保险公司可把资金投资于现金市场和两个风险市场，分别为债券、股票和不动产。在卖空、借贷限制下，基于均值—方差模型，应用辅助随机二次线性问题求解方法，得到最优投资策略和有效边界。研究结果显示，不动产最优投资量不仅与初始资本金存在非简单线性关系，还与不动产的市场溢价水平、未预期冲击存在一系列复杂关系。     

Solar energy and the national energy dilemma : A model for policy evaluation

This study presents solar-enhanced energy scenarios for the future together with the policy considerations they imply. The methodology known as system dynamics is employed, and the work reported here builds on an earlier model developed by Sasser.Policy-related implications include the following. First, after-tax costs of solar technology must be competitive with the costs for coal as well as those for oil and gas to achieve a substantial market penetration. Second, the collapse predicted by the original Sasser model used in this study can be postponed by solar technology alone but not avoided. If solar technology is allowed to supply nearly 100% of the energy needs of each energy consumption sector, then each sector is allowed 100 years more growth before the inevitable collapse occurs. Third, the amount of imported crude oil that can be displayed by solar energy in the next two decades of this century is modest.     

A Scenario-Based Assessment Model—SBAM

Scenario generation methods have often been used by policy makers as an instrument to manage the uncertainty of the technological environment and to support the shaping of long-term technology policies. Although scenario generation methods are conceptually useful in the shaping of long-term technology policies, the literature suggests that there is a methodological gap between the two. In an effort to bridge this gap, the authors propose a Scenario-Based Assessment Model (SBAM). This work introduces the principles and methodological basics of the SBAM. Moreover, an example is given to illustrate how this model can be applied.     

《古事记》所见“然”字的词义及语法功能初探

＂然＂字在汉语史中经历了由实至虚的语义演变过程。传至日本以后＂,然＂字的使用频率也颇高。经分析与归纳日本现存最古老的历史典籍《古事记》中的＂然＂字,总结出汉字＂然＂在日语中的语法功能和语义,并与古汉语中＂然＂字的使用进行比较,发现二者之间存在着很大不同,即＂然＂字在古汉语中的用法更为丰富,同时,其用法在日语中也发生了异变。     

Learning,expectations, and the cobweb model

Conclusions The conclusions which may be drawn from this essay are modest, but they merit reiteration. There are two basic modifications of the simple cobweb model which appear to be useful. On the one hand, the learning-behavior hypothesis serves as a stabilizer. On the other, unilateral coupling provides a method of maintaining fluctuations in an otherwise stable model. When the two are combined, one obtains a modified cobweb which may be both a more useful empirical, and a more suggestive theoretical, model of individual markets. On these grounds, it seems reasonable to suggest that the cobweb may see thirty more years of useful service.With 6 Figures     

China: Towards a new model of development

This essay argues that changes in China's circumstances require a different model for the Chinese economic development. Because China's circumstances are different from that of other countries, the model for China inevitably needs to be different from that of elsewhere. In line with the central ideas, the essay discusses extensive issues regarding China's economic development such as export growth model, innovation, property rights, tax policy, social insurance, etc.     

The Stagnation Tendencies of Neoliberalism: A Review Essay

In his 2012 book, From Financial Crisis to Stagnation, Thomas Palley argued that the financial crisis of 2008 would be likely to result in a period of long-term stagnation. Both the crisis and the predicted stagnation, Palley argued, were the outcomes of policies pursued since the 1980s; the persistence of those policies explains the stagnation. Underpinning the policies and their consequences are the flaws of the neoliberal macro model and the particular role played by finance in that model. The rejection of Keynesianism meant the abandonment of the commitment to full employment. The neoliberal paradigm rests upon a foundation of ‘bad ideas’ that are located in political philosophy as much as in economic theory. Palley’s argument has a bearing on recent discussions among mainstream macroeconomists, whose interest in secular stagnation has been revived by the ‘ongoing crisis’. These discussions have left mostly unanswered the question of the causes of stagnation. The present essay argues that Palley’s concept of ‘structural Keynesianism’ can benefit from a closer association with the analysis of structural transformation and its effects on policy regimes and stagnation tendencies.     

浅谈英语应试短文写作能力的培养与提高

英语写作能力的培养是英语教学中的重要环节。要在有限的时间内用英语准确、流畅地按要求写出短文,必须以掌握大量的英语词汇为基础,改掉先写中文再写英文的习惯,通过不断地练习达到用英语进行思维,同时还要注意英汉两种语言文化的上的差异,这样,才能写出一篇较满意的英语短文。     

Technological Progress: A Proposed Measure

The article suggests a direct measure of technological progress that can be quantified with reasonable confidence on the basis of historical data. The proposed measure is the efficiency with which resources (mainly energy sources) are converted into final services. It decomposes into two components, namely the thermodynamic efficiency of converting an energy source into mechanical work and the efficiency with which mechanical work is used to produce final services. The first part of this can be estimated, by sector, with fair accuracy. The second part can only be estimated with reasonable accuracy in a few cases (such as transportation and illumination), but the results are sufficient to permit some plausible extrapolation. The proposed measure is hopefully of interest in itself. But perhaps it is more important insofar as it suggests a way to construct an economic production function that explicitly reflects technological change, rather than treating “technical progress” as an unexplained residual.     

The Scope and Promising Future of Social Economics1

This essay explores the future potential for Social Economics. Since the beginning of modern economics, the mainstream has been steered by what might be called a material progress vision, whereby the generally unacknowledged pesumption is that economic growth will make the good life possible. Accordingly, such potential components of human welfare as more creative and fulfilling work, greater equality in the distribution of opportunity, wealth and income, and a greater degree of community can be more or less ignored for the present. Less guided by this vision, and unfettered by a pretense of value-neutrality, Social Economics does not view such components of welfare as subsidiary to economic growth. Instead, it is more focused upon the wholeness of social life, more concerned with the full requisites of the good and just society. By drawing upon recent work in psychology, sociology, and especially happiness research, Social Economics is found to offer a more promising orientation towards future economic concerns than does mainstream economics.     

建立森林生态效益补偿制度的经济分析

从公共物品和外部性理论角度出发,分析建立森林生态效益补偿制度的必要性;同时,运用博弈论理论和方法,模拟现实中各方的行动策略和得益,构建生态补偿政策下生态保护实施者与受益者之间的博弈模型。通过分析均衡结果,以验证森林生态效益补偿制度是否安排有效,进而探讨如何建立与完善我国森林生态效益补偿制度。     

A theory of the optimum age to import a durable good: With a reference to the Columbian case

This essay develops a model which determines the optimum age at which to import a durable good, the optimum period of time during which it should be used, and the welfare costs of nonoptimum import-use patterns. An estimation of such costs is made for the case of bus chassis imports in Colombia.     

森林认证对林产品贸易的经济效应分析

森林认证作为一种维护全球可持续发展的市场机制,其最初并不是以贸易保护的姿态而出现的,但是,各国的森林认证实践却使它具有了某种贸易保护性质。本文通过对大国小国两种情形的讨论,认为森林认证基本上可被视为一种生态关税壁垒,只是它的实施基础较之关税壁垒更为合情、合理和合法化,而且在作用机理和长期效应上又有其自身的特点。     

On work and idleness

In this essay we review a number of important historical and everyday conceptions of work, which reveal both the diversity of such conceptions, and also deep tensions, especially between positive (self-fulfilling, sociable) aspects of work and negative (laborious, exploitative) aspects. Due attention to these complexities suggests great caution in deciding how domestic work, including caring work, should be seen in relation to other kinds of work. We also argue that a very broad conception of work including, certainly, domestic and other work outside the market, while not appropriate for all purposes, is essential for considering the appropriate place of work, as opposed to idleness, in the good life. The possible value of idleness, we argue, has been obscured by the productivist ethic embedded in the major Western conceptions of work.     

New Austrian macro theory: A call for inquiry

This essay sketches some contours of what we think can reasonably be called New Austrian macro theory. By New Austrian, macro we mean a style of theorizing that incorporates the core of traditional or Old Austrian macro and pushes that core in new directions by using new analytical tools and methods. We would note that New Austrian is not some invention or construction de novo, but is a product of blending some traditional Austrian insights and formulations with new analytical formulations that were never part of the Austrian tradition but which can multiply the analytical oomph of that tradition. In this essay, we explain that the traditional Austrian macro theory suffers not from analytical wrong-headedness but from an underdevelopment of those complementary pieces of intellectual capital that would render Austrian macro once again a significant player in the efforts of economists to theorize about the properties of economic systems in their entirety.     

Rethinking the Theory of Money,Credit, and Macroeconomics: A Review Essay

ABSTRACT

This essay presents an overview and assessment of John Smithin's 2018 book Rethinking the Theory of Money, Credit, and Macroeconomics. Smithin continues the projects of Keynes and Minsky with the aim of providing a general account what how the macroeconomy actually works. The essay evaluates Smithin's alternative monetary model of the economy in the light of several key Post-Keynesian themes.