《无名书》和神圣浪漫主义创作

《无名书》的主题可以概括为以天命审视生命,以生命印证天命。不像传统浪漫主义文学那样,强调本能和非理性的情感、直觉、热情和想象,而是追求一种极高的“理性”来提升本能,净化情感。这种浪漫主义旨在人类生存的根本问题上艰苦探索,对个体生命和人类终极命运进行深入思考,因此,我称之为“神圣浪漫主义”。     

中国近现代文学分期问题的思考

从1840年鸦片战争至1919年“五四”运动前这一历史阶段的文学,即历史学界划为中国近代史阶段的文学,从文学发展历史的     

时势抑或人事：简论当下文学困境的历史与观念成因

本文试图通过考察历史与观念的互动关系,一方面进一步厘清八十年代“文学是人学”“文学是语言的艺术”的特定历史内涵;一方面欲通过指明这些在八十年代特定情境中形成的特质论述,若何制约、影响着九十年代以来文学观念、思潮的嬗替与开展。作者指出:时势只是决定文学思潮走向的重要原因,观念反思是否既承担又提升了时代赋予它的课题,才是决定一思潮是否具备历史深刻性和美学有效性的关键所在。而观念的是否成功首先在于它能否既内在于此历史要求,又超越历史事变自然给出的简单力学反应关系。相对于此,对理论与观念的学院式静态衡量,无疑只具有次要的意义。     

当代文学中的地主形象探析

"地主"作为文学叙述的对象,在不同文化语境下的现当代文学作品中有不同的呈现.本文在简要梳理地主形象历史演变的基础上,着重探讨新时期文学中地主形象的新变.通过地主造型的转变挖掘其背后深层的历史文化内涵,指出文学创作中"人"的思想正逐渐得到解放,文学已开始向自身复归.     

狂草达性情,赤子无拘束——评张宗玉草书

当下的书法是对历史的折射,技法的传承与革新诠释了书艺风格的嬗变.与别的书体不同的是,狂草的艺术价值远远超越了它的实用价值.尽管狂草在演变的过程中,体现了个人风格的差异性,但总体而言,浪漫主义精神是狂草最本质的美学特征.狂草有独特的抒情方式,不仅要求书法家具有极高的操控笔墨技法的能力,还要求书法家在天性中具有诗人的气质,在不断向先贤学习的前提下脱略行迹,从而进入自由的个性化表现,故而书家常说:“狂草最难.”     

初探英语的口头文学

美国口头文学被视为“弱势文学”,但它有着源远流长的历史,且形式丰富多样,在美国文学史上占有重要的历史地位,至今还深深地影响着美国文学。     

柏林纪行

一、访问柏林自由大学 柏林，位于施普雷河畔，在世界城市中是著名的大都市，在欧洲城市中，它又属于晚辈。它只有800年的历史，比罗马小2000多岁，比伦敦小1000多岁，比巴黎小600多岁，最初是由几个村庄，而后由两个分离的小镇组成，18世纪才跻身于国际大城市行列。但是，柏林却老练凝重，在欧洲名城中是一座有独特个性的城市。它曾经是欧洲古典哲学和德国启蒙运动的中心，浪漫主义文学的据点，现代诗歌的发源地。它的自然景色、美丽风姿和强烈的普鲁士精神十分吸引人。有人说，它好比是站在一群性格各异的男人中的一位少女，又好比是站在一群性格各异的老人中的一个少年。“柏林”地名源于斯拉夫语，意思不详，后称为“熊”。     

“背靠背”政治:反霸中的革命场景生成——以皖西北临泉县为中心的考察

文章通过对皖西北临泉县反霸运动实践过程的考察,揭示了一种经由反霸所形成的独特革命场景.以两个普通人革命与反革命间的身份转换,呈现了革命进程中个体身份的多变,以及乡村人在革命历史大潮中的无奈感.通过梳理政策框架里“霸”之界定标准的模糊性,以及反霸斗争会所出现的复仇主义倾向,文章认为,反霸的过程实质上体现了一种“背靠背”的政治运作逻辑.在这样的政治运作逻辑下,个体的政治身份是不确定的.     

冷峻深情系乡民静穆诗意萦乡梦——鲁迅与沈从文乡土小说比较研究

鲁迅和沈从文同是中国现代文学史上的乡土小说大家,在乡土小说创作中有着举足轻重的地位。鲁迅开中国乡土小说之先河,沈从文则开拓了现代乡土小说创作的新领域。从“未庄”千疮百孔的丑陋,到“湘西”人性化的美好,无论是文化批判与启蒙主题,还是人性关照与诗意审美,鲁迅与沈从文都形成了完全不同的精神脉络。从鲁迅与沈从文的乡土小说的文学理想、审美意蕴、艺术表达、语言风格四个方面的比较中窥见鲁迅主“理”,沈从文主“情”;鲁迅重写实,沈从文重写意;鲁迅立足于现实主义,沈从文立足于浪漫主义的迥异创作风格,并从中比较出在对中国问题的体验认识上,鲁迅与沈从文以属于自己的独特视角透视乡土中国,解读乡土文化。他们走的路虽然不同,但爱国之心、忧国之情同出一脉,“改造国民性”与“重塑民族品格”实有异曲同工之妙。     

“魏晋风度”与鲁迅“杂文自觉”的风格外化

《魏晋风度及文章与药及酒之关系》是鲁迅在“大时代”带来的震惊与恐怖之余,重整自我意识、重申写作立场的仪式性、表演性创作。通过对魏晋文章与时事之关系的寓言性分析,鲁迅为杂文在严酷现实政治环境中打开历史纵深和象征空间。“‘而已’而已”的诗学句法由此在对象化和讽喻活动中,成为新的现实表现与历史叙事的构造原则。在新文学“现代性”意义上,魏晋演讲标志着鲁迅从前期效力于文化革命、思想革命、伦理革命和社会革命的“自在的写作”阶段返诸自身,在生存环境的极端挤压和限制下走向“自为的写作”。从中国文学源流角度看,杂文则是在欧风美雨中守护白话文学同其古代传统之间的传承与风格连续性的独特实践。     

我国房地产税制的现状及改革构想

房地产税制是维护房地产市场公平竞争，实现国家对房地产业宏观调控的有力杠杆。然而，我国现行的房地产税制却存在税费不分、税制不统一、税制结构不合理等诸多问题。严重影响了其对房地产业应有的宏观调控作用。因此，适时地推进房地产税制的改革应是当务之急，应统一内外税制，合理界定税费的范围，建立统一、规范、合理的房地产税收体系。     

The Change in Productive Efficiency in Telecommunications in the United States

The question addressed here is whether the adoption of incentive regulation, which has become an important regulatory tool in the telecommunications industry in the USA, has resulted in a change in the technical efficiency of local exchange carriers in the USA. After providing an overview of the nature of incentive regulation, a methodology for measuring technical efficiency and its change is introduced. This is a multiple-output/multiple-input distance function approach to measuring technical efficiency. The results of implementing this approach for 19 local exchange carriers for the 1988–2001 period indicate that in the production of local service, intrastate toll/access service, and interstate access to local loops, there was no change in technical efficiency between the 1988–1990 period and the 1991–2001 period, something that incentive regulation was specifically designed to promote.     

Payment Systems in Countries in Transition

MOCT-MOST: Economic Policy in Transitional Economies -     

The Change in Productive Efficiency in Telecommunications in the United States

The question addressed here is whether the adoption of incentive regulation, which has become an important regulatory tool in the telecommunications industry in the USA, has resulted in a change in the technical efficiency of local exchange carriers in the USA. After providing an overview of the nature of incentive regulation, a methodology for measuring technical efficiency and its change is introduced. This is a multiple-output/multiple-input distance function approach to measuring technical efficiency. The results of implementing this approach for 19 local exchange carriers for the 1988-2001 period indicate that in the production of local service, intrastate toll/access service, and interstate access to local loops, there was no change in technical efficiency between the 1988-1990 period and the 1991- 2001 period, something that incentive regulation was specifically designed to promote.     

Public participation in forestry in Turkey

Recently public participation in forestry has been seriously considered in Turkey. Participation is however quite a challenge for a country with a long tradition of top-down management and a strong bottom-up dependence on public provisioning. In such a setting, it may not be surprising that the experiences with public participation in forestry in Turkey are mixed. There are some positive initiatives like the creation of farmer's cooperatives and NGOs, but their role is quite limited and small of scale. This paper is bringing together different views based on existing studies in Turkish related to Turkey's experience with implementing public participation in forestry.     

Inequalities in Income Distribution in Slovenia

This article presents an empirical analysis of income distribution based on income tax data for Slovenia in 1991-2000. It presents evidence of rising inequalities in income distribution (gross income, gross wages and pensions). These results are supported by coefficients of variation, Gini coefficients and by the Lorenz curves. Inequalities increased rapidly in the 1991 to 1993 period. After a significant decrease in 1994 and a steady increase from 1995 to 2000, the peak value from 1993 was not surpassed. Atkinson's requirements for dominance comparisons are not violated. Inequalities are also present in the distribution of the benefits of economic growth among income groups.     

Age Discrimination in Employment in Canada

Issues pertaining to age discrimination in employment in Canada are analyzed with a view toward highlighting lessons that may be learned from the Canadian experience—an experience that is taking on increased policy importance. Reasons for the increased attention to age discrimination issues are outlined, followed by a portrayal of the age discrimination legislation and court interpretations in Canada, especially as they pertain to mandatory retirement. Enforcement aspects are discussed, as is the evidence on age discrimination in employment and the effectiveness of legislation with respect to age discrimination and mandatory retirement. The article concludes with a discussion of the lessons to be learned from the Canadian experience, especially with respect to the poorly understood but complicated relationship between age discrimination and mandatory retirement. Policy recommendations for strengthening age discrimination legislation are also outlined. (JEL J14 , J24 , J71 )     

上海生态农业发展影响因素研究

文章分析了上海生态农业发展的影响因素,并利用计量模型进行检验,认为影响上海生态农业发展的主要因素有农业基础设施、农业劳动力资源、农业产业化水平、农业科技实力状况。