工科院校基础课程设计的改革与实践

机械设计基础课程设计是高等工科院校近机械类专业对学生进行的一次较全面的设计实践训练,是《机械设计基础》课程理论教学之后的一个重要的教学环节。目前大部分学校所采用的机械设计课程设计的内容和方法已不能适应科学技术发展对学生将来走向市场、面对竞争的要求。为此江南大学机械工程学院科研组从五个方面对原有的机械设计课程设计教学进行改革，以适应国家教委所提出的培养高素质、创新型和复合型科技应用人才的要求。     

机械设计技术中的现状与趋势研究

机械设计具有较悠久的历史和完整的系统,是机械工程的一个关键组成部分.机械设计技术的发展和技术水平的不断提高使得过去传统的机械设计技术无法满足当前设计动态化和创新化得要求.本文在综述了传统机械设计技术与现代机械设计技术的应用、内涵及它们之间内在联系的基础上,阐述了机械设计技术未来的发展趋势,同时指出开发、应用现代机械设计技术是当前机械工业的发展关键,而优化机械设计技术已势在必行.     

结构设计常见错误与改变措施举隅

通过列举机械设计基础课程作业和课程设计中常见的结构设计错误类型,介绍了针对结构设计问题在不同教学环节中所采取的措施和教学方法,对提高结构设计能力非常有效。     

机械设计制造及其自动化中计算机技术的应用探究

机械设计制造及其自动化中计算机技术的应用越来越普遍,已经成为机械设计制造与生产的重要组成部分,目前,我国机械设计制造及其自动化生产与发达国家还有一定差距,自动化计算机技术应用水平不高是制约我国机械设计制造企业发展的重要因素,针对这一现状,机械设计制造及其自动化发展应重计算机技术的研究,将计算机技术更好的应用到机械设计制造及其自动化发展中.本文笔者对机械设计制造及其自动化中计算机技术的应用进行了分析探讨,希望对相关从业人员具有借鉴意义.     

分析机械设计技术的现状与趋势研究

机械设计作为机械工程的一个关键组成部分.随着机械设计技术的发展和技术水平的不断提高,过去传统的机械设计技术已经无法满足当前设计动态化和创新化得要求.因此对于机械制造而言,研究机械设计技术的发展现状与趋势是有一定必要性的.基于此,本文就针对机械设计技术的现在与趋势展开分析与研究.     

“中国式责任”建设探讨

介绍了＂中国式责任＂的提出,分析了＂中国式责任＂的传统文化基础,阐述了＂中国式责任＂的必要性,并提出＂中国式责任＂建设的措施建议。     

机械设计制造及其自动化发展方向的研究分析

机械设计制造及其自动化是结合多种技术开展起来的一门新兴学科,机械设计制造及其自动化的发展虽然被广泛应用于各个行业之中,但是更多的却应用于机械设备中,这就要求在进行机械设计制造及其自动化设计的同时,必须掌握机械设备的使用功能和重要的核心作用.本文对机械设计制造自动化进行了探讨.     

高职《思想道德修养与法律基础》课程教学改革探索与实践

本文结合高职教育教学的实际,在准确定位高职《思想道德修养与法律基础》课（以下简称＂基础＂课）的基础上,从教学内容及课程体系、教学方法和教学手段、实践教学、教学重难点突破方案、教学延伸及考核评价方式六个方面有针对性地探讨了高职＂基础＂课的教学改革。     

“汉字易学”论的理论偏差与证据缺陷

正确对待和认识汉语和汉字在语文教学中有重要理论意义。＂汉字易学＂论批评了＂汉字难学＂谬论,维持了汉字在民族语言中的基础地位,但在理论上又走向了另一个极端。＂汉字易学＂论以字本位为理论基础,抹杀了汉字和汉语的区别,混淆了语言系统和文字系统两个概念,否定了汉字本质上是记录语言的符号。＂汉字易学＂论缺乏必要的理论基础,将语言习得等同于语文教学,违背了语言习得基本理论,既不利于汉字和汉语本身的认识,也不利于语文教学。     

CAI课件在《机械设计基础》教学的作用

应用CAI课件进行《机械设计基础》教学,有利于提高学生的学习积极性,充分发挥学生的主体作用,全方位地提高学习效果和培养能力,有利于减轻教师的工作量。但在教学中,多媒体信息技术只是一个辅助工具,不能取代教师的主导地位。     

Interrelationship among foreign presence,domestic sales and export intensity in Chinese manufacturing industries

Using panel data on six Chinese manufacturing industries over the period 2005–2007, this article explores the interrelationship among foreign presence, domestic sales and export intensity of local firms. We find that the domestic sales and exports are complementary for local firms in China’s pharmaceutical industry, whereas in the case of the textile, transportation equipment, beverage, communication equipment and general equipment manufacturing industries, domestic sales and exports are substitutes. An increase in the average domestic sales increases foreign presence in all industries. The same applies to an increase in the average export intensity. An increase in the level of competition in China’s textile industry increases the export intensity as well as domestic sales of local textile firms. However, an increase in the level of competition in the pharmaceutical industry leads to a very large decrease in export intensity of local pharmaceutical firms. In the case of China’s transportation equipment manufacturing industry, an increase in the level of competition decreases domestic sales of local firms. Furthermore, an increase in the firm size increases domestic sales of Chinese firms in all six manufacturing industries.     

Size and Implication of Informal Economy in African Countries: Evidence from a Structural Model

This paper presents estimates of the informal economy in 41 African countries, including North Africa, Southern Africa, East Africa, Central Africa and West Africa during the period 2007–2013. Using a structural equation model with latent variables, the empirical results indicate that the average size of the informal economy in Africa (in% of formal gross domestic product) in 41 countries is 42.9%, 39.9% in 5 countries in North Africa, 40.02% in 11 countries in southern Africa, 43.24% in 6 countries of East Africa, 45.5% in 7 countries of Central Africa and 45.21% in 12 countries in West Africa. We suggest economic policy recommendations to solve the dilemma of the informal economy not only in the regions but also in different countries such as: identifying the causes of informality, the barriers to formalization and how to eliminate them; developing policies, procedures and institutions that can help informal activities meet market economy requirements, reforming legal systems and ensuring equal access for all; and finally, establishing affordable social benefits for workers.     

重庆市城市用地供需状况研究

首先从供给数量和供给质量两方面,分析了重庆市区城市建设用地的供给状况。耕地在重庆市城市建设用地的供给来源中占有重要地位,但供给数量有限;受重庆市区自然条件的限制,城市建设用地的质量较差,表现在坡地多、平地少,冲沟多、地块小,难建地多、宜建地少,所以,重庆市城市建设用地的供给能力相当有限。其次,分析了重庆市区城市建设用地的需求状况。从城市GDP的增长、重点建设项目和城市人均用地水平的提高这三个方面分析了城市建设用地的未来需求趋势。结论是：重庆城市建设用地的供给相当有限,而需求量很大;随着未来重庆市经济社会的发展,城市用地的供需矛盾将成为城市发展中面临的一个重大问题。从合理利用和保护土地资源,为重庆的经济发展提供用地支持和保障的角度出发,文章就此问题提出了对策和建议。     

单排螺旋CT对小儿气管支气管异物的诊断应用价值

目的利用单排螺旋CT,采用冠状位平扫,探讨其对小儿气管支气管异物的诊断应用价值。方法分析我院70例小儿气管支气管异物单排螺旋CT冠状位扫描的影像表现,并与支气管镜检查所见结果进行对照。结果 70例患儿中,CT诊断气管内异物5例,右侧支气管内异物37例,左侧支气管内异物27例,1例双侧支气管内异物。经支气管镜检查,68例符合,2例未取出异物。CT诊断符合率97.1%。结论用单排螺旋CT,采用冠状位扫描,对直接显示小儿气管支气管异物,具有确定的临床诊断价值。     

Perceptions of domain experts on impact of foresight on policy making: The case of Japan

In this study, the perceptions of domain experts who participated in foresight activities on the impact on policy making are examined by conducting interviews and surveys on five previous foresights in Japan between 1996 and 2007. The purpose of the study is to examine how domain experts look at the practice of foresight in general, and perceive its overall impact on policy making in particular, in the setting of Japanese foresight conducted in the past 15 years. There are two tasks for doing that in this study: to know the views of scientists and engineers who participated in foresights on the impact of foresights they participated; and to know the effect of respondent's characteristics on their perceptions on impact.There are two main findings of this study. First, the impact on policy making perceived by domain experts who participated in foresight activities in Japan is not very high. Second, there are different patterns of perception on the size of the impact on policy making depending on ages, organizations, member status during foresight, and science and technology areas, and habit of following the situation in general looking for any impacts after the foresight.     

Regional variation in the capital structure adjustment speed of listed firms: Evidence from China

This paper investigates whether in China, a country large in size, geographically diverse and imbalanced in regional economic development, variation in firm capital structure¹ is systematically related to regional economic environment. In addition, we examine whether during macroeconomic recovery there is significant difference in the speed of adjustment in capital structure of firms located in different regions. The empirical analyses are based on 783 firms listed on Shanghai and Shenzhen Stock Exchanges during a sample period of year 2000 through 2014. Using GMM and Logit QMLE, we found strong evidence that the regional variation in the capital structure of listed firms is linked to growth indicator (the Market-to-Book value, MB), EBIT ratio, size of the firm and tangible assets (the value of Net Property, Plant and Equipment, PPE). In the process of economic recovery, there was apparent regional variation in the speed of adjustment in capital structure, i.e. the fastest adjustment in capital structure was found in East China while that of West China followed and that of Mid China the slowest, that is to say within a given period the leverage ratio of listed firms in East China rises or falls faster than in the other two regions.     

Tourism,Consumption and Inequality in Central America

Much research in international political economy (IPE) has been criticised for focussing on large and powerful actors in post-industrial countries, to the neglect of sites, processes and actors in the global South. This article offers a corrective to this bias in two ways: by locating the analysis in two rural Central American communities; and by exploring the social relations of consumption in these communities. In doing this, I challenge assumptions about rural places being excluded from global processes and explore the complexities and contradictions of how such communities are inserted into global circuits of production and consumption. Drawing on extensive qualitative research, the article explores the ways in which capitalist development through tourism has reconstituted the political economy of consumption in terms of habits, attitudes and behaviour in these two communities. Using the community and the household as sites of analysis, I explore the complex ways in which inequalities have been reconfigured through changing relations of consumption. Certain kinds of social hierarchies, in particular traditional gendered power relations within the household, have been challenged. However, other inequalities – such as class, ethnicity and nationality – have been reinforced by these processes.     

Employment polarisation and inequality in the UK and Hungary

This paper uses household budget survey microdata to explorethe growth in household income inequality in Hungary in theperiod 1987–1995, and compares it with inequality in theUK in 1995–96. Decomposition of inequality according toboth household characteristics and income sources shows that,while inequality did grow rapidly in Hungary over the earlyTransition period, several factors prevented its growth to higherlevels. One of these factors, the distribution of employmentand earnings between households, is explored in some detail.While there was considerable polarisation between householdswith and without employed members in the UK in 1995–96,this was less of a feature in Hungary, in spite of a massivewithdrawal of men and women from the labour market between 1987and 1995. Rather, a narrowing of the gender pay gap and a continuedhigh level of female participation in employment appears tohave ensured that, even as earnings inequality in Hungary increasedto the extent that it surpassed earnings inequality in the UK,the distribution of household earnings, and the distributionof household incomes, remained more equal in Hungary.     

中国上市公司控制权转移的动机研究

文章基于中国资本准入管制、政府控制的制度背景,从控制权转移过程中的收购方选择、转让定价、转让后绩效等方面,研究了中国上市公司控制权转移的动机。文章以中国A 股市场上截至2013年末的1410起公司控制权转移事件为样本,研究发现：(1)政府倾向于转让非垄断行业或业绩较差的国有上市公司,而保留垄断行业和业绩较好的公司;(2)在经济落后地区,政府倾向于将控制权转让给有实力的外地收购方,以达到招商引资的目的;(3)有政治关系的民营收购方收购了盈利能力较好的公司,但没有支付较高的溢价;(4)控制权转移后,公司绩效总体上没有提高,虽然同业并购、实力较强的收购方能够提高公司绩效,但这类样本不到40%。因此,中国上市公司控制权转移总体上不是效率导向的,如果控制权转移不是从效率出发的,则控制权市场约束在位管理层、降低代理成本等作用就难以发挥。     

农户转入土地行为及其影响因素分析——基于三峡库区427户农户的调查数据

基于三峡库区427个样本农户的调查数据,分析了目前农户转入土地的行为特征,通过建立Logistic模型对农户转入土地行为的影响因素进行了甄别,并对农户转入土地行为的主观解释进行了分析。研究表明,农户自身及家庭特征、土地资源特征、环境因素和政策因素对农户转入土地行为均有一定程度的影响。其中,非农收入所占比重、耕地面积和地理条件是影响农户是否转入土地的主要因素。