欧盟中小企业融资政策及其对我国的启示

在欧盟经济发展的过程中,大量充满活力的中小企业做出了重要的贡献。而欧盟的中小企业之所以能蓬勃发展,完全得益于欧盟及其成员国高效、完善的促进中小企业发展的政策和措施。本文从融资角度研究欧盟对中小企业发展的扶持政策,并提出对我国中小企业发展融资的建议。     

借鉴欧盟经验完善中国中小企业政策

中小企业数量大,长期以来一直是欧盟和中国经济建设中的一支重要力量。如何提升中小企业的竞争力,进一步促进中小企业的发展,是欧盟和中国面临的共同问题。在这方面,欧盟采取了一系列的政策和措施,使其中小企业得以顺利发展,这些措施可以为我国发展中小企业所借鉴。     

欧盟支持创新型中小企业发展的新举措

支持中小企业的发展,特别是扶持创新型中小企业的健康发展是欧盟各项战略、主要经济政策的重要组成部分.欧盟及其成员国长期坚持持续地健全政策制度、落实措施行动、保护知识产权、完善创新环境、改进支撑服务、崇尚企业精神和普及科学素养等,建立了世界上迄今为止相对完善的一整套支持创新型中小企业发展的法制政策体系.本文从研究欧盟及其成员国企业的总体现状、创新型中小企业发展的状况及特点入手,分析了欧盟支持中小企业发展的政策措施及新举措,介绍了欧洲投资银行在支持创新型中小企业发展、解决投融资难题等方面发挥的突出作用,可供我国借鉴参考.     

欧盟中小企业当前的发展、问题与对策

2010年10月欧盟发布了2009年欧盟中小企业年度报告《压力下的欧盟中小企业》。本文通过对报告的解读,分析了欧盟中小企业的数量、就业及行业分布特点,指出在全球金融危机中的欧盟中小企业受到的冲击及存在的问题;介绍了欧盟及其中小企业自身应对危机采取的措施,借鉴欧盟经验提出了促进我国中小企业发展的对策建议。     

国外政府促进中小企业自主创新的政策及启示

近年来,越来越多中小企业开始自主创新,企业成功创新离不开政府支持。通过分析美国、日本和欧盟促进中小企业自主创新的政策可知,为了有效支持中小企业进行自主创新,政府要采取健全立法,扶持相关服务机构的发展,给予资金支持等措施。     

基于信息提供与交流视角的欧盟科技型中小企业国际化发展启示

目前,我国针对科技型中小企业国际化方面的政策扶持力度远远不够,而提供有效且易懂的政策扶持信息对其发展至关重要。从信息提供与交流这一视角,参考了大量欧盟国际化政策和中小企业扶持项目,从信息提供内容、信息提供方式、信息交流促进3个方面,探讨了欧盟在促进科技型中小企业国际化发展方面采取的措施,并与我国信息提供现状进行对比,以期为我国科技型中小企业国际化政策制定带来一定启示。     

欧盟第三个中小企业多年度计划简介

欧盟部长理事会于1996年12月9日正式通过了欧盟委员会制订的“欧盟第三个中小企业多年度计划(1997—2000)”。该计划制订了欧盟中小企业的专项政策与措施及其实施方案,总经费1.8亿欧元,旨在极大地发挥中小企业对于促进经济增长和就业、增加欧洲竞争力的作用,是欧盟中小企业政策的重要组成部分。     

欧盟中小企业社会责任政策对我国的启示

欧盟中小企业因其数量和经济总量大,已成为欧盟经济发展和解决就业问题的重要支柱,并于2001年启动企业社会责任政策。该文针对中小企业在欧盟发展中的特殊地位,回顾了欧盟中小企业社会责任政策的演化进程,对欧盟推动中小企业社会责任政策工具进行了分类探讨;据此对完善我国中小企业社会责任政策提出了相应的对策建议。     

欧盟加强区域创新生态建设的措施

长期以来,欧盟致力于营造良好的创业与创新环境,实现科技卓越和提高产业竞争力,其主要措施包括:不断加大研发创新投入;大力推动创新型中小企业的创业创新;培育创新集群;实施智慧型区域专业化创新战略等。本文借鉴欧盟创新生态建设经验,提出了加强我国创新生态建设的建议:支持中小企业创新;加强企业网络合作平台建设;因地制宜地制定区域创新发展战略;强调利益相关各方的参与。     

欧盟中小企业发展及对我国的借鉴

经济全球化和知识经济使各国大公司在全球竞争中的中坚地位更加突出 ,同时也使中小企业在本国劳动就业、技术创新、社会经济协调发展和结构变迁中的重要作用日趋明显 ,从而使各国政府更加关注和重视中小企业的发展 ,通过进一步改善和加强中小企业政策来促进其稳定和健康发展。本文对欧盟中小企业发展作一简要分析的同时 ,提出了其对我国中小企业发展的借鉴。     

中小企业应对金融危机问卷调查分析报告——以青岛市中小企业为例

中小企业是我国最具活力的经济群体,繁荣经济、解决就业、推动创新和促进产业结构,调整和优化升级中发挥了重要作用。本文以青岛市为例在问卷调查的基础上,对金融危机爆发以来,对中小企业受金融危机影响的程度、采取的措施及效果展开了分析,并针对中小企业面临的困境,提出了中小企业应对金融危机的措施及建议。     

德国促进中小企业提升研究与创新能力的举措

中小企业是德国实体经济尤其是制造业竞争力的基础。通过梳理和总结，得出：德国促进中小企业提升研究与创新能力的举措，其核心是为中小企业创新不断提供新的动力和吸引力，消除各种阻碍创新的障碍，让创新获得充分的基础条件和自由发展的空间；其内容主要涉及创新资金支持、创业支持、知识产权保护、政府行政效能提升、创新人才政策、国际研发创新合作等诸多方面。为适应中小企业研究创新活动的特点，德国政府在针对中小企业的研发计划管理方面也有诸多创新，其中最重要的是德国联邦教育研究部实施的“中小企业创新促进计划”和联邦经济技术部实施的“中小企业中心创新计划”。德国所实施的种种举措，对促进中小企业参与国家科研计划取得了显著的成效。     

Environmental Innovations in Small and Medium Sized Enterprises

Supporting and accelerating the adoption and diffusion of environmental innovations amongst small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) is a major challenge to environmental policy makers. Research suggests that whilst SMEs possess high flexibility, their innovative capacity may be limited to incremental changes within their existing technology system and network. Twenty case studies examining the innovation adoption process in SMEs in four sectors and in five countries within the ENVIS project (commissioned by the EU) revealed great variety in factors driving this process. Findings indicate that this variation can be attributed to the character of the environmental innovation, the specific business opportunity, the regulatory setting and pressure experienced by the sector. Based on these findings an analytical framework is suggested, whereby the environmental innovative capability of SMEs is conceived as the result of an interplay between the competencies, the network relations and the strategic orientation of the company (the 'dynamic triangle'). This indicates that policy to support SME's adoption of environmental innovations has to take an integrated form, i.e. addressing and developing competence, networks and strategic orientation of SMEs simultaneously whilst remaining systemic and context sensitive.     

Innovating SMEs and Regions: The Need for Policy Intelligence and Interactive Policies

Based on the empirical findings achieved through comparative research involving 40 innovation policy instruments from 11 European regions, this paper proposes a shift in rationale and in the broad orientations of innovation policy to focus on addressing SMEs in their regional context. The main role for innovation policy, which aims to increase the capacity of a region and the capabilities of its SMEs to innovate, is to foster interactive learning within the firms and within the region. This calls for an interactive mode of policy intervention. The paper deals also with the question of how to build a coherent portfolio of policy instruments, taking into account both regional situations and specific SMEs needs in terms of innovation. The key message is that there is no 'one-size-fits-all' policy portfolio. Regional differences in innovation capabilities call for a tailored mix of policy instruments. One salient element of the conclusion is the need for more 'policy intelligence' in this complex field.     

Environmental Innovations in Small and Medium Sized Enterprises

Supporting and accelerating the adoption and diffusion of environmental innovations amongst small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) is a major challenge to environmental policy makers. Research suggests that whilst SMEs possess high flexibility, their innovative capacity may be limited to incremental changes within their existing technology system and network. Twenty case studies examining the innovation adoption process in SMEs in four sectors and in five countries within the ENVIS project (commissioned by the EU) revealed great variety in factors driving this process. Findings indicate that this variation can be attributed to the character of the environmental innovation, the specific business opportunity, the regulatory setting and pressure experienced by the sector. Based on these findings an analytical framework is suggested, whereby the environmental innovative capability of SMEs is conceived as the result of an interplay between the competencies, the network relations and the strategic orientation of the company (the 'dynamic triangle'). This indicates that policy to support SME's adoption of environmental innovations has to take an integrated form, i.e. addressing and developing competence, networks and strategic orientation of SMEs simultaneously whilst remaining systemic and context sensitive.     

Innovating SMEs and Regions: The Need for Policy Intelligence and Interactive Policies

Based on the empirical findings achieved through comparative research involving 40 innovation policy instruments from 11 European regions, this paper proposes a shift in rationale and in the broad orientations of innovation policy to focus on addressing SMEs in their regional context. The main role for innovation policy, which aims to increase the capacity of a region and the capabilities of its SMEs to innovate, is to foster interactive learning within the firms and within the region. This calls for an interactive mode of policy intervention. The paper deals also with the question of how to build a coherent portfolio of policy instruments, taking into account both regional situations and specific SMEs needs in terms of innovation. The key message is that there is no 'one-size-fits-all' policy portfolio. Regional differences in innovation capabilities call for a tailored mix of policy instruments. One salient element of the conclusion is the need for more 'policy intelligence' in this complex field.     

High-Quality Development Trend and Path Choice of Specialized,Sophisticated, Distinctive and Novel SMEs

Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are key contributors to technological innovation. As China’s vanguard for self-reliance and strength in science and technology, specialized, sophisticated, distinctive and novel (SSDN) SMEs have grown into an important motivation for high-quality development, a key stabilizer for the new development paradigm, and a vital force for an innovation-driven China. In recent years, China has been ramping up support for SSDN SMEs, and raised the focus on their development to a new level. At present, some problems and obstacles are befalling the high-quality development of SSDN SMEs, such as imperfect innovation system and mechanism, weak basic research service capabilities, a digital divide in digital transformation, and insufficient vitality of collaboration among players in the innovation ecosystem. In the future, China should promote the high-quality development of SSDN SMEs from system and mechanism, basic input, business environment, and digital empowerment. Specifically, China should increase policy support to consolidate the institutional guarantee for innovative development, build more platforms to form a dynamic innovation ecology, enhance intellectual property protection to spur entrepreneurship, and ramp up upgrading and transformation for the quality and efficiency improvement of traditional enterprises.     

The impact of “Mass Entrepreneurship and Innovation” policy on SMEs’ innovation: Using quasi-natural experiments

This study presents an in-depth investigation of the impact of “Mass Entrepreneurship and Innovation” (MEI) policy on small and medium-sized enterprises’ (SMEs’) innovation using the propensity score matching–difference-in-difference method. The MEI policy's R&D subsidies are found to generate a positive effect on SMEs’ innovation. Although R&D subsidies have no significant impact on SMEs’ strategic innovation, they can promote substantial innovation and establish a solid microfoundation for China's high-quality development. Compared with R&D subsidies, tax incentives in the MEI policy cannot encourage SMEs to innovate and may even have a negative impact on SMEs’ innovation.     

我国中小企业金融服务创新路径研究——以北京市为例

以北京市中小企业金融服务为例,从中小企业自身存在的问题、中小企业间接融资与直接融资面临的困境、中小企业信用担保服务体系存在的缺陷以及中小企业金融服务现状等方面分析北京中小企业金融服务存在的不足,提出了通过金融机构及金融市场的组织创新、制度创新、产品创新等改革措施,以满足中小企业融资需求,提升中小企业的竞争能力,促进北京地区经济发展。