中国证券市场是否存在增长率陷阱?——基于上证50指数的实证分析

本文将消极投资策略分为指数化投资策略和买入并持有投资策略,并通过实证验证对这两种投资策略进行比较,进而判断我国资本市场是否存在增长率陷阱。增长率陷阱是指受股票价格和红利再投资收益率的影响,长期中高速增长的新兴行业股票给投资者带来的收益率低于增速较低的传统行业,进而导致买入并持有投资策略优于指数化投资策略的一种现象。本文基于上证50指数,构造上证50指数投资组合(即指数化投资策略)和完全派生投资组合(即买入并持有投资策略),对我国股票市场上是否存在增长率陷阱进行实证研究,得出以下结论:我国不存在增长率陷阱现象,相反上证50指数投资组合的年投资收益率(几何)高于完全派生投资组合,所以指数化投资策略优于买入并持有投资策略;资本市场不成熟可能导致实际上存在的增长率陷阱没有被检验出;我国股票分红较少、指数基金较少也是可能导致我国股市现阶段不存在增长率陷阱的原因之一。     

反转效应、负反馈交易与股价波动——基于面板数据的开放式基金投资策略研究

本文利用2002年至2007年基金交易数据,从不同的市场状态、公司规模、买卖股票的基金数量和行业特征等层面深入分析了我国开放式基金的交易策略、影响基金交易策略的因素以及基金交易对于股市波动的影响。实证结果表明：我国开放式基金所投资的股票在中期内并不存在动量效应,相反存在显著的反转效应,基金的投资行为也表现出明显的负反馈交易策略;与前期股票的买入比率相比,股票的收益率以及收益率的波动对基金投资策略的影响更为明显;开放式基金前期的股票交易会加剧当期的股价波动。     

我国股票投资者情绪指数构建的研究

本文利用主成份分析法,以换手率、封闭式基金折价率、异常交易量、新增开户数、IPO发行量为代理变量构造投资者情绪指数.进而采用多元回归方法对我国股票市场上证综合指数股票收益率与投资者情绪相关性进行研究.研究结果表明本文所构造的投资者情绪能够在一定程度上反映投资者情绪.     

社保基金交易策略的实证分析

社保投资管理人在投资国内股票市场时,总体上采用了惯性交易策略,且"追涨"的程度高于"杀跌"的程度.其惯性交易策略及反转交易策略的强度随市场走势的变化而出现波动.通过对社保组合及其管理人旗下封闭式基金的比较研究,发现社保组合的惯性交易程度值总体上大于封闭式基金.     

从指数基金跟踪误差角度比较指数基金的构建方法

指数基金是一种消极的证券投资基金，以拟合目标指数、跟踪指数变化为原则，实现与市场同步成长。指数基金的这种拟合目标指数收益率的投资策略，要求其按照所拟合指数的编制原理构建投资组合，分散投资于目标指数的成分股，力求股票组合的投资回报率拟合该目标指数所代表的资本市场平均收益率。这种构造投资组合的方法称为指数化投资，属于一种典型的防守型（或称被动型）投资方式。与积极管理、旨在跑赢大市的基金相比，其独特优势在于仅以追踪大市为目的，排除了选择个股和入市时机的管理风险，尤其在市场上升阶段，其表现往往优于多数积极管理的基金。     

社保基金投资组合的 定价效率和投资风险研究 基于股价同步性的实证检验

笔者利用2007年到2013年各个季度我国沪深两市A股交易数据,以股票价格收益率与沪深300指数收益率的同步性衡量股票的定价效率,通过实证模型分析社保基金投资对股票定价效率的影响。研究表明,当市场处于金融危机前后的牛市和熊市时,社保基金投资对股票定价效率无显著影响,当市场处于较平稳的阶段时,社保基金能显著提高股票的定价效率并降低了投资风险。这说明社保基金参与资本市场投资能提高我国资本市场的有效性。     

基金家族的造星策略——基于共同持股股票收益率差异视角

文章主要研究了我国明星家族基金在共同持股股票上的收益率差异及原因。文章设计了一种对基金在共同持股股票上表现的打分方法,发现明星家族基金在共同持股股票上的绩效差异很大,这种差异并不能完全被基金经理的"能力"差异所解释,而可能源于基金家族的"抬轿"策略。进一步研究发现,基金管理公司的"抬轿"策略随市场行情的不同而不同,熊市中"抬轿"行为更加显著;此外,绩效和管理能力较低的基金家族更倾向于采用"抬轿"策略。     

开放式基金的投资策略

2003年开放式基金的业绩表现对基金2003年的业绩表现进行分析时,除了要考虑净值增长率外,还应考虑基准指数、风险调整等因素。基准指数的表现2003年,上证A股指数全年的涨幅为10.57%(上证180指数全年的涨幅为10.95%),上证国债指数全年的涨幅为-0.6%,上证A股指数(65%)和上证国债指数(35%)组合的涨幅为6.66%。(注:2003年有完整运作年度的偏债型基金。是南方宝元债券,其资产配置比例为股票≤35%,其余为债券)老基金的净值增长率表现2003年共有17只开放式基金有,完整的运作年度:14只主动型股票基金、1只被动型指数基金(华安180)、1只偏债型基金(…     

中国新股弱势问题研究

本文借鉴西方关于IPO的研究成果 ,结合中国股市的实际 ,对新股弱势问题展开实证研究 :(1 )考虑股票的内在风险性 ,采用经过风险调整的相对收益率CR 和累计相对收益率ACR 指标 ,揭示了以市值加权和不以市值加权的不同情况下 ,样本组合在新股、次新股和普通股的各个不同时期内相对于市场指数的走势特征 ;(2 )构造经济计量模型揭示股票上市后长期走势的影响因素 :对新股实际收益率影响最大的是该股票的市值 ;决定股票上市后两年内对市场指数走势强弱的因素是初始收益率及其流通股数     

后危机时代我国开放式基金风格漂移的实证研究

后危机时代的中国股市起起伏伏，而将股票作为主要投资手段的开放式偏股型基金是否恪守其所宣称的投资风格。本文运用基于收益率Gruber模型对后危机时代的我国的开放式基金的风格漂移状况进行实证研究。     

Pleasure and belief in Hume's Decision Process

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to introduce explicitly pleasure and belief in what aims at being a Humean theory of decision, like the one developed in Diaye and Lapidus (2005a). Although we support the idea that Hume was in some way a hedonist – evidently different from Bentham's or Jevons' way – we lay emphasis less on continuity than on the specific kind of hedonism encountered in Hume's writings (chiefly the Treatise, the second Enquiry, the Dissertation, or some of his Essays). Such hedonism clearly contrasts to its standard modern inheritance, expressed by the relation between preferences and utility.

The reason for such a difference with the usual approach lies in the mental process that Hume puts to the fore in order to explain the way pleasure determines desires and volition. Whereas pleasure is primarily, in Hume's words, an impression of sensation, it takes place in the birth of passions as reflecting an idea of pleasure, whose “force and vivacity” is precisely a “belief”, transferred to the direct passions of desire or volition that come immediately before action. As a result, from a Humean point of view, “belief” deals with decision under risk or uncertainty, as well as with intertemporal decision and indiscrimination problems.

The latter are explored within a formal framework, and it is shown that the relation of pleasure is transformed by belief into a non-empty class of relations of desire, among which at least one is a preorder.     

Globalization,Neoliberalism and the attack on social security

Neoliberal political movements advocate privatization of public pension systems. Globalization imposes pressure on nations to conform to neoliberal policy views with respect to the design and structure of social insurance, including public pension systems. The paper begins with an investigation of the economic, ethical and ideological dimensions of the privatization debates in the U.S.; it argues that privatization advocates may be largely moved by ideology, since the other reasons advanced appear weak or unfounded. The second part discusses the history of Social Security, the purposes for its creation, and some of its economic effects. Differences between public and private pension systems are considered. A brief international comparison of some aspects of public pension system finance and benefit structures is presented. The final section considers the ethical, macroeconomic and distributional implications of privatization, prefunding and payroll tax funding, and argues for a pay as you go system financed with income taxes. In order to promote equity, economic security, community, and social cohesion, public pension systems should be universal in coverage. In order to reduce the inequality, income insecurity, and aged poverty generated by market economies, public pension systems ought to be progressive: benefit/contribution ratios should be inversely proportional to income, and progressive income taxes should finance the system. To promote economic growth, the systems should be financed on a pay-as-you-go basis, and should not be prefunded except for an emergency reserve. The fiscal policy recommendations partially depend upon the theory developed by Abba Lerner in the 1940s, and recently advanced by Wynne Godley and Randy Wray: Lerner's “principle of functional finance.”     

Interest on reserves and inflation

The payment of interest on reserves has been a common practice in inflationary economies. This policy may seem paradoxical since it involves returning part of the seigniorage, generated by the inflation process, with the intention to finance the fiscal deficit. This paper argues that the motivation for this policy can be captured by the discretionary regime, where the policymaker pays interest on reserves because he is concerned with the erosion of real liquidity by inflation, which is in part beyond his control. However, this policy is an unlikely outcome in the commitment regime, where the policymaker is in full control of inflation.     

Bayesian estimation of duration models: An application of the multiperiod probit model

The multiperiod probit model is presented and Bayesian estimation using the Gibbs sampler with data augmentation is described. As an empirical illustration, the multiperiod probit model is then used to estimate a duration model using employment duration data for the Canadian province of New Brunswick. Bayesian estimation with unobserved heterogeneity is shown to be a simple extension of estimation of a duration model with no unobserved heterogeneity. More importantly, perhaps, some numerical problems encountered by other authors using Maximum Likelihood are avoided.I would like to thank M. Baker, G. Koop, A. Melino and D. Poirier for helpful comments and discussions. I would also like to thank M. Baker for providing his data.     

Scenarios and creativity: Thinking in new boxes

To be creative and make change happen, leaders must do more than simply ‘think outside the box’, as the traditional business manuals suggest, using the popular American expression. After all, the space outside the box is infinitely expansive. Moreover, there can be no guarantee that a solution to the problem will be found. The answer: ‘Think in new boxes.’ This requires developing the right new box; in other words, useful new models, a helpful new approach to a problem. That is the real art of practical creativity. This short article outlines the approach (Thinking in New Boxes) and its application to classic scenario planning with a few examples. The authors also present the ‘Expressway to Scenarios’, an approach that wins in impact and practicality what it loses in deep analysis, by having top executives involved in key steps.     

Forecasting the price of gold

This article seeks to evaluate the appropriateness of a variety of existing forecasting techniques (17 methods) at providing accurate and statistically significant forecasts for gold price. We report the results from the nine most competitive techniques. Special consideration is given to the ability of these techniques to provide forecasts which outperforms the random walk (RW) as we noticed that certain multivariate models (which included prices of silver, platinum, palladium and rhodium, besides gold) were also unable to outperform the RW in this case. Interestingly, the results show that none of the forecasting techniques are able to outperform the RW at horizons of 1 and 9 steps ahead, and on average, the exponential smoothing model is seen providing the best forecasts in terms of the lowest root mean squared error over the 24-month forecasting horizons. Moreover, we find that the univariate models used in this article are able to outperform the Bayesian autoregression and Bayesian vector autoregressive models, with exponential smoothing reporting statistically significant results in comparison with the former models, and classical autoregressive and the vector autoregressive models in most cases.     

How chaebol restructuring after the 1997 crisis has affected corporate decision and performance in Korea: debt financing,ownership structure,and investment

ABSTRACT

Korean chaebol firms, characterized by excessive debt financing and overinvestment, experienced restructuring after the 1997 crisis. By reducing debt financing and thus overinvestment, they tried to reorganize financing structure and ownership structure. Chaebols’ debt reduction turns out to have improved performance. However, polarization between chaebol and non-chaebol firms has become more significant. Even after the crisis, firms that give higher cash flows to a controlling shareholder take more capital investment, indicating that agency problems still exist within chaebols. Chaebol-affiliated firms continue to be more active in R&D than non-chaebol firms. However, the pattern is limited to the group of top 10 chaebols after the crisis.

Abbreviations: KFTC: Korea Fair Trade Commission     

On the Role of Paradigms in Understanding Economic Globalization

Any adequate analysis of economic globalization necessarily requires fundamental understanding of the worldviews underlying the views expressed with respect to the nature and role of economic globalization. This paper is based on the premise that any worldview can be associated with one of the four basic paradigms: functionalist, interpretive, radical humanist, and radical structuralist. It argues that any view expressed with respect to economic globalization is based on one of the four paradigms or worldviews. It, therefore, discusses four views with respect to the nature and role of economic globalization which correspond to the four broad worldviews. The paper emphasizes that the four views expressed are equally scientific and informative; they look at the nature and role of economic globalization from a certain paradigmatic viewpoint. Emphasizing this example in the area of economic globalization, the paper concludes that there are opportunities for each paradigm to benefit from contributions coming from the other three paradigms.     

A Humean theory of choice of which rationality may be one consequence

For the reader who considers economic theory of choice as a special case of a more general theory of action, Hume's discussion of the determinants of action in the Treatise of Human Nature (1739?–?40), in the Enquiry on Human Understanding (1748) and in the Dissertation on Passions (1757) deserves attention. However, according to some modern commentators, Hume does not seem to have given any evidence that would favour what nowadays we would consider as the kind of rationality involved in modern theories of rational choice. On the contrary, this paper arrives at the conclusion that consistency between preferences and choice, like the usual properties of completeness and transitivity, may be considered as outcomes of a mental process, described by means of a decision algorithm that aims to represent Hume's theory of choice.     

The concept of freedom and its relation to economic development--a critical appreciation of the work of Amartya Sen

Following a brief review of the conception of freedom as employedin economic discourse, this paper focuses on the evolution ofthe concept of freedom in the work of Amartya Sen. It tracesthe development of Sen's thought from the capability analysisof the late 1970s to his more recent separation of freedom intoits opportunity and process aspects. While broadly appreciativeof Sen's development of the concept of positive freedom, thepaper identifies some difficulties arising from his definitionof capability as a set of options as well as from his separationof the opportunity and process aspects of freedom. Aspects ofthe relationship between Sen's conception of freedom and thatof Marx are discussed briefly in the context of Sen's recentdiscussion of the market as a source of freedom.